Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Textiles”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Formaldehyde-related textile allergy: an update.

Part I of this study explores whether clothing today contains formaldehyde levels likely to cause contact allergy in formaldehyde-allergic patients. Part II of this study examines whether current reactions to textiles may be due to allergy to textile resins and whether individuals with formaldehyde-related textile allergy will react to the newer low formaldehyde resins used in the textile industry. Part I: free formaldehyde was measured in 16 fabric specimens produced in the US and overseas. Additionally, since the textile industry has moved to the use of newer methods for measuring fabric formaldehyde content, the newer methodology was compared with the older methods used in the medical literature. Part II: 10 subjects with known textile contact allergy were patch tested to available Chemotechnique textile resins and 6 new low-formaldehyde resins used by the textile industry. Part I: 8 fabric specimens yielded no detectable formaldehyde and 7 specimens yielded <200 ppm free formaldehyde, using Schiff's reagent and Merck testing methods. 1 specimen showed approximately 2000 ppm formaldehyde, as measured by the Merck test, but only 24 ppm free formaldehyde when retested by the method described in Japanese Law #112. Part II: all subjects reacted strongly to formaldehyde and DMDHEU (the predominant resin currently used in textiles). 6 subjects reacted to EUMF. 2 subjects had mild reactions to the newer low-formaldehyde resins and 1 to the non-formaldehyde Fixapret NF. Our results suggest that most clothing today yields free formaldehyde levels unlikely to cause contact allergy in formaldehyde-allergic individuals. Japanese method #112 is the recommended methodology to measure free formaldehyde in future studies. DMDHEU may now represent the main cause of textile allergy and may be a better screen than EUMF for this problem. Newer resins yielding fabrics with <75 ppm free formaldehyde may cause occasional reactions, but are more likely to be tolerated by individuals with textile contact allergy. Treatment of these individuals should be directed at identification of reliable sources of garments utilizing these newer resins.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Application of microencapsulation in textiles.

The textile roots of yeast microencapsulation technology was introduced as were the wide range of applications in food and other business sectors. In microencapsulation in general the number of commercial applications in the textile industry continues to grow particularly in the textile industries of Western Europe, Japan and North America. The move by the more developed countries into textiles with new properties and added value, into medical textile and technical textiles for example has encouraged the industry to use microencapsulation processes as a means of imparting finishes and properties on textiles which were not possible or cost-effective using other technology. Textile manufacturers are demonstrating increasing interest in the application of durable fragrances to textile as well as skin softeners. Other potential applications include, insect repellents, dyes, vitamins, antimicrobials, phase change materials and in specific medical applications, antibiotics, hormones and other drugs. Examples of each technology are described. A short summary of a new microencapsulation technology with roots in the textile industry, yeast based microencapsulation, is also described.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed1988

Cause-specific mortality among male textile workers in Rhode Island.

Cause-specific mortality patterns among male textile workers in Rhode Island who died during the period 1968-1978 were examined using the proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) method. Textile worker decedents were identified by the usual occupation and industry statements on Rhode Island death certificates. A statistically significant PMR elevation was observed for nonmalignant respiratory disease (NMRD) among male textile workers (PMR = 110; Observed deaths [Obs] = 433; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 102-120). The PMRs for NMRD by specific textile occupation and by type of textile manufacturing generally exhibited the pattern expected for work-related mortality owing to textile dust exposure. High PMRs were observed among carding, lapping, and combing operatives, the decedents who probably had the highest dust exposure (PMR = 166; Obs = 24; CI = 114-243), and among operatives most likely to have worked in cotton manufacturing (PMR = 137; Obs = 47; CI = 104-179). This is the first report of excess mortality from NMRD among male textile workers in the United States. This finding is consistent with previous evidence that exposure to cotton dust can cause disabling chronic lung disease. Also noteworthy were statistically significant elevated PMRs for cancers of the rectum and esophagus among decedents who had been engaged in textile dyeing and finishing. Owing to the lack of direct information about occupational exposures and smoking habits of the decedents and uncertainties in classifying decedents by type of textile manufacturing, this investigation should be viewed as being exploratory in nature.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Sinonasal cancer and occupational exposure to textile dust.

Data from a case-control study conducted at 27 hospitals in France in 1986-88 were analyzed to examine the association between exposure to textile dust and sinonasal cancer. The study included 207 cases and 409 controls. Detailed information on occupational history and other potential risk factors for sinonasal cancer was collected. Exposure to textile dust (probability and level of exposure, type of textile fiber) was assessed by an expert in industrial hygiene. Among women, exposure to textile dust was associated with an elevated risk of squamous cell carcinoma (odds ratio (OR) = 2.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.85-7.06, nine exposed cases) and adenocarcinoma (OR = 3.70, 95% CI = 0.56-24.4, three exposed cases). For squamous cell carcinomas, the risk increased with the duration and the level of exposure (P < 0.05): the ORs for the low, medium, and high level of cumulative exposure were 1.00 (95% CI = 0.10-9.43), 2.43 (95% CI = 0.54-11.1), and 3.57 (95% CI = 0.92-13.8), respectively. There was also a limited evidence of an excess risk of squamous cell carcinomas among men exposed to high levels of textile dust (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 0.65-7.30, four exposed cases). Because of the strong association between wood-dust exposure and adenocarcinoma, an independent effect of textile dust on this type of cancer could not be studied among men. The risks associated with the different types of textile fibers (cotton, wool, and synthetic fibers) were similar and the results did not permit to incriminate a particular type of textile.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Textile dermatitis in Israel: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of contact dermatitis caused by clothing may be difficult because of its clinical polymorphism. Data in the literature suggest that textile dermatitis is more common than previously thought. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study our patients suspected of having textile contact dermatitis from 1991 to 1997. METHODS: The records of the patients with positive reactions to allergens from the Textile Colors and Finish series in 3 contact dermatitis clinics were reviewed. All the patients were clinically evaluated and patch tested with the European Standard series and the Textile Colors and Finish series (Chemotechnique Diagnostics, Malmö, Sweden). RESULTS: Twenty-two of the 55 patients (40%) had positive patch tests to the textile dye allergens. Four of them had occupationally related textile dermatitis. The most frequent allergens were Disperse Blue 124, Disperse Blue 85, Disperse Red 17, and Disperse Blue 106. Erythematosquamous lesions were the most common forms of textile dermatitis (56%), followed by pustular lesion (16%) and hyperpigmented patches (8%). CONCLUSIONS: The relatively high percentage of positive results (40%) was attributable to the selected cohort of patients. In our series, positive reactions to the allergens Disperse Blue 124, 85, and 106 were common findings. Clinically, pustular allergic contact dermatitis, triggered by textile dyes was observed along with the more frequent erythematosquamous clinical form.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Pernicious anaemia in the textile industry.

The objective was to examine whether the observed excess mortality from anaemia in textile and clothing workers was associated with any specific anaemia type or occupational activity. The design was a death certificate based case-control study of textile and clothing workers who died in England and Wales in the years surrounding the decennial censuses of 1961, 1971, and 1981. The main outcome measures were type of anaemia, place of residence, place of birth, and occupation. The frequency of the different types of anaemia in textile and clothing workers differed from that of England and Wales with relatively more deaths from pernicious anaemia than in the country as a whole (74 observed v 55 expected deaths). Within the industry, those whose death was attributed to pernicious anaemia were more than twice as likely as other textile and clothing workers to have worked in textile mills (odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.4-4.2). These results could not be explained by age, sex, place of residence, or place of birth, and review of the death certificates did not suggest that pernicious anaemia as a cause of death had been recorded in error. Historical support for the finding was found in the Registrar General's 1931 decennial supplement on occupational mortality, in which the standardised mortality ratio from pernicious anaemia in male textile mill workers was estimated to be twice that of the general population. In conclusion, occupational factors, specifically work in textile mills, could be implicated in the pathogenesis of pernicious anaemia. The aetiology of this disease is not well understood and further study of pernicious anaemia in textile mill workers is required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The pattern of lung function abnormalities in cotton textile workers.

Reversible airway obstruction has been shown to be a characteristic finding of early byssinosis. In the chronic phase of this disease, the patterns of respiratory abnormalities have not been well defined. We examined the lung function of a cohort of 383 older (45 yr of age or more), active and retired, cotton textile workers seen both in 1973 and in 1979 in Columbia, South Carolina. A group of control subjects consisted of 277 white community residents of comparable age from Lebanon, Connecticut. Using data at follow-up, 25% of the male and 14% of the female cotton textile workers had moderate to severe obstructive airway abnormalities, as opposed to 13 and 5% for male and female control subjects (p less than 0.01). There were fewer persons with restrictive than with obstructive lung patterns among cotton textile workers and control subjects, but again, abnormalities were more prevalent among cotton textile workers. Overall, 50% of male cotton textile workers and 37% of female cotton textile workers had some abnormality of lung function, as opposed to 29% of male and 20% of female control subjects (p less than 0.001). More abnormalities were present in cotton textile workers than in control subjects when only lifetime nonsmokers were examined. We conclude that there is an increased prevalence of both obstructive and restrictive lung function abnormalities among cotton textile workers when compared with control subjects, with the most common pattern being obstructive.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

[Respiratory findings in textile workers employed in dyeing wool and cotton].

The prevalence of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and diseases and ventilatory capacity were studied in 97 textile workers employed in dyeing wool and cotton fibres and in 76 non-exposed control workers. The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms was significantly higher in the textile workers compared to controls. The symptoms of occupational asthma were recorded in 7.2 per cent of the textile workers. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was higher in exposed smokers than in exposed non-smokers. The textile workers employed for more than 10 years had a higher prevalence of all respiratory symptoms than those with a shorter period of employment. The textile workers showed a high prevalence of acute symptoms which developed during work shift. Significant acute reductions of ventilatory capacity tests on maximum expiratory flow-volume curves (MEFV) in textile workers varied from 5.1% for FVC to 12.4% for FEF25. Ventilatory capacity tests in the textile workers before work shift were significantly diminished in comparison to the predicted values. Our data indicate that work in the textile dyeing industry may cause the development of respiratory symptoms and diseases as well as impairment of ventilatory capacity.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Ultraviolet protection by summer textiles. Ultraviolet transmission measurements verified by determination of the minimal erythema dose with solar-simulated radiation.

BACKGROUND: Apart from sunscreen lotions, clothing provides protection from acute and chronic sun damage. Therefore, it is very important to know the ultraviolet (UV) protection factor (UPF) of textiles, in particular of lightweight summer clothing. Usually, the UPF of a textile is determined by spectrophotometric assessment of the UV transmission (in vitro method). OBJECTIVES: To compare the relationship between in vitro tests and in vivo tests of UPF using solar simulators for determination of the minimal erythema dose (MED), applied to 30 different summer textiles. METHODS: Thirty summer textiles were spectrophotometrically assessed, and UPFs were calculated with respect to the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) erythemal action spectrum.1 Based on the in vitro UPFs 'on skin' and 'off skin', in vivo testing was performed using a solar simulator for the determination of the MEDunprotected and MEDprotected. RESULTS: The UPFs obtained from in vivo 'on skin' testing were significantly (r = 0.95; P < 0.001) lower than the predicted in vitro UPFs. This disparity was also confirmed by chromometric assessment of the MED testing; the erythemal responses measured after textile protection were significantly (P < 0.001) higher than those obtained without protection. However, the in vivo 'off skin' UPFs did not significantly (r = 0.98; P > 0.05) differ from the in vitro UPFs; comparison of the chromometrically assessed erythemal responses was also insignificant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The different correlation between in vitro and in vivo measurements of the UPF may be due to the optical-geometrical properties of textiles and the different amount of direct and diffuse radiation passing through the spaces between the yarns. As spectrophotometric measurements of a textile may generally yield lower UPFs than those obtained under average field conditions, the in vitro test method provides 'safe' UPF values representing a 'worst-case scenario'. In contrast to in vitro testing, in vivo methods are much more expensive and time-consuming. Thus, with respect to practicality, spectrophotometric measurements seem to be most suitable for the evaluation of UV protection of textiles.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Respiratory findings in synthetic textile workers.

We studied 308 female and 92 male textile workers employed in a factory that produced synthetic fiber hosiery. The mean age of the women was 38 years, their mean duration of employment 16 years. The mean age of the men was 39 years with a mean duration of employment of 16 years. A control group of 160 female and 78 male nonexposed workers was also studied. Chronic and acute work related symptoms were recorded for all workers. Ventilatory capacity was measured by recording maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves from which the forced vital capacity (FVC), the 1-sec forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and maximum expiratory flow rates at 50% and the last 25% (FEF50, FEF75) were read. There was a higher prevalence of all chronic respiratory symptoms in exposed than in control workers, although the differences were statistically significant only for dyspnea, sinusitis, and nasal catarrh (P < 0.01) in female synthetic textile workers, and for nasal catarrh (P < 0.01) in male synthetic textile workers. Occupational asthma was recorded in 3 (0.9%) of the women textile workers, and in 1 (1.1%) of male textile workers. There was a high prevalence of acute symptoms during the work shift, which was greatest for cough (female: 46%; male: 59%), dryness of the throat (female: 49%; male: 40%), dryness of the nose (female: 53%; male: 43%) and eye irritation (female: 46%; male: 36%). Ventilatory capacity data among the synthetic textile workers demonstrated significantly decreased FEF75 compared to predicted (P < 0.05). Our data suggest that inhalation of dust in synthetic textile plants causes the respiratory impairment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cost benefit of patch testing with textile finish resins.

Eleven years experience of textile finish resin patch testing of suspected textile dermatitis patients revealed 15 cases of allergic textile dermatitis among 428 patients tested. Ten of the 15 patients had a relevant positive patch test to one or more of a limited series of textile finishes; 1 was negative and 4 were not tested with textile finishes. All 15 patients were formaldehyde sensitive. No unexpected, relevant, positive textile finish resin patch test was found. In this study a negative patch test to formaldehyde virtually excluded allergic contact dermatitis from textile finishes.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1991

Contact sensitization to textile dyes: description of 100 subjects.

We have described 100 subjects sensitized to textile dyes. Of these, 16 had clinically been suspected of having a textile dermatitis from among 1145 patients referred for patch testing. 41 patients were identified from among 861 consecutive subjects tested with the GIRDCA (Italian Research Group on Contact and Environmental Dermatitis) standard series supplemented with 4 disperse dyes (Disperse Blue 124, Disperse Red 1, Disperse Yellow 3, Disperse Orange 3). The remaining 43 patients were identified from among 746 subjects tested with the GIRDCA standard series, supplemented with the 4 disperse dyes mentioned above and a further series of 12 other textile dyes. The clinical picture was extremely variable: most patients had a typical eczematous dermatitis, but we also observed persistent erythematous-wheal-type reactions, a transient urticarial dermatitis and an erythema-multiforme-like eruption. Among these textile dyes, Disperse Blue 124 caused most reactions. With the addition of the 4 disperse dyes to the GIRDCA standard series, we identified 4.8% sensitized to textile dyes, a much higher figure than the 1.4% observed among patients being patch tested on the basis of their history and the clinical findings; the addition of a further 12 textile dyes to the series further increased the detection rate to 5.8%. We stress the importance of routinely patch testing with textile dyes, which can help to elucidate the cause of certain kinds of atypical dermatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Comparative economic evaluation of nonwoven and traditional woven textiles in operating rooms].

The nonwoven textiles do not let oneself unconcerned, but are often considered with reserve in the operating theatre, at least for the "noble" textiles, such as the surgical drapes or the surgeon's gowns. Their part is to set barriers to prevent against microbial contamination. Now, it is proved that these nonwoven textiles qualities rise above that of the woven materials. What are the reasons for this reserve? A survey carried out in 1986 at the Angers hospital, compared with other similar studies, have shown a cost decreased by 20 per cent on an average, when the nonwoven textiles are used for a surgical operation, except the gowns. On the other hand, the cost increases by 20 per cent when nonwoven textiles gowns are also used. The features of the traditional textiles versus nonwoven ones in an operating theatre are described and show the interest of the nonwoven textiles.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Byssinosis in a Bombay textile mill.

BACKGROUND: Till a national campaign against dust-related lung diseases was launched by a voluntary agency in Ahmedabad in 1992, government records for the 150-year-old textile industry showed no cases of byssinosis--the disabling occupational disease caused by cotton dust. The worldwide incidence of byssinosis among workers in the dusty sections of textile mills is nearly 40%. We assessed the prevalence of byssinosis in a Bombay mill so that the Employees State Insurance Scheme would start conducting medical checks in all the 55 textile mills in Bombay and officially recognize the disease. METHODS: The study was conducted under the auspices of the Occupational Health and Safety Centre, a voluntary organization. Textile workers were called to a camp conducted over 3 nights and 3 days. We asked them to answer a questionnaire and tested their lung function using a Wright's ventilometer. The diagnosis of byssinosis was made if there was a feeling of chest tightness on exposure to cotton dust, and if the FEV1 was less than 60% of the expected result or the FEV1/FVC was less than 75%. RESULTS: Of the total 1075 workers in the mill only 273 came to the camp; 54 (30%) of the 179 individuals working in the dusty sections of the mill had byssinosis. In the non-dusty departments, 16 (17%) out of the 94 workers were affected. Among those working for less than 10 years in textile mills, 24% had byssinosis and among those working for more than 30 years, 45% had the disease. CONCLUSION: We found a prevalence of byssinosis among textile workers which is similar to that reported worldwide. The disease affected those who worked in both the dusty and non-dusty sections of the mill. There are an estimated 40,000 affected workers in Bombay and we suggest that the disease be recognized by the Employees State Insurance Scheme, and that the textile mill workers be compensated if they are affected by byssinosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Compost microbiomes as reservoirs of cellulolytic microorganisms for cellulosic textile degradation.

Cellulosic textiles, constituting over 30% of global fibre production, are biodegradable but remain challenging to recycle at scale owing to their high crystallinity, chemical finishes, and heterogeneous waste streams. Although microorganisms drive cellulose turnover in natural ecosystems, their potential for transforming anthropogenic cellulosic waste remains largely unexplored. In this study, composting was evaluated both as a sustainable approach to textile biodegradation and a reservoir of cellulolytic microorganisms with biotechnological potential. Biodegradation assays of cotton and lyocell were integrated with shotgun metagenomics and targeted cultivation to identify microbial taxa and enzymes involved in cellulose degradation. Composting trials showed that degradation was strongly influenced by both composting system and fibre composition. Community composting achieved near-complete textile disintegration, while shredded textiles exhibited the highest degradation rates, reaching up to 97%. Shotgun metagenomic revealed a bacterial-dominated community enriched in Actinomycetota and Bacillota and characterised by an abundance of glycoside hydrolases. Culture-based screening recovered 62 microbial isolates, of which Neurospora and Aspergillus exhibited the highest cellulolytic activity (>60%). In vitro assays further showed that cotton was more readily degraded than lyocell, with several isolates achieving&#xa0;>70% mass loss. Metagenomic approach revealed a predominantly bacterial composting community at the sampled stage, whereas cultivation preferentially recovered fungi that, despite their low relative abundance in situ, exhibited strong cellulolytic potential. These findings highlight the potential of composting as a sustainable end-of-life strategy for cellulosic textiles and identify compost microbiomes as valuable reservoirs of cellulolytic microorganisms for the development of sustainable bioprocesses for textile waste treatment.

Cellulose↗
PubMed2002

American standards for UV-protective textiles.

During the last 3 years, three standard documents that pertain to the testing and labeling of UV-protective textile products have been published by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC). The titles of these documents, which are available for purchase at www.astm.org and www.aatcc.org are: ASTM D 6544 "Standard Practice for the Preparation of Textiles Prior to UV Transmission Testing", AATCC 183 "Test Method for Transmittance or Blocking of Erythemally Weighted Ultraviolet Radiation Through Fabrics", and ASTM 6603 "Standard Guide to Labeling of UV-protective Textiles". This chapter summarizes the content of each document and shows how the documents are linked together to make a comprehensive plan for the testing and labeling of UV-protective textile products to be sold in the United States. It also describes the intended future work in the United States on UV-protective textile standards.

Materials Testing↗
PubMed1987

Effects of exposure to cotton dust on energy expenditure in the textile industry.

An assessment of energy expenditure has been made in 50 male textile workers and 30 male office cleaners. There was a statistically significant difference (P less than 0.001) in energy expenditure between textile workers and office cleaners amounting to 12 to 16%. While 33.3% of the textile group complained of chest disorders, none of the cleaners had such a complaint. FEV1 and FVC values of the textile workers were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) compared to those of the controls. There were no differences in body weight, lean body mass and socio-economic conditions of the two groups, however, the textile workers were younger and taller than the unexposed group. Exposure to cotton dust and respiratory and ventilatory impairments are suspected of causing a reduction in the energy expenditure of the textile workers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Regulating colored textile wastewater by 3/31 wavelength ADMI methods in Taiwan.

The wastewater from textile dyeing facilities is difficult to treat satisfactorily because of high compositional variability and high color intensity. To reduce colored effluents discharged into watercourses, the government of Taiwan adopted the Effluent True Color Standard in 1998. The true color discharge limit is 400 American Dye Manufactures Institute (ADMI) units. The adopted analytical method is the ADMI Tristimulus Filter Method (3 wavelength (WL) method), and the 31 WL ADMI method might be also adopted as an alternative for color value measurement. The refractory nature of textile dyes and the introduction of this new regulation present an environmental challenge to the Taiwanese textile industry. The main objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the efficacy of current wastewater treatment systems for controlling the colored textile wastewater discharges, and (2) evaluate the correlations between 3 and 31 WL ADMI methods. Ten representative textile wastewater treatment facilities employing biological and chemical coagulation treatment technologies were selected to perform a 10-consecutive-day effluent sampling and analysis. Results show that a significant difference between 3 and 31 ADMI methods was observed. These two ADMI methods cannot be substituted for each other, and the discharge standard should be determined based on the selected testing method. Investigation results also suggest that the commonly used wastewater treatment technology (biological + chemical coagulation) fails to effectively remove dye from the colored textile wastewater. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) addition was applied by most facilities as the temporary post-polishment step to comply with the color discharge standard.

Chemistry Techniques, Analytical↗