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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Blood compatibility of venous prosthesis made of textile or non-textile material.

To study blood compatibility of venous prosthesis made of textile or non-textile material, the inferior vena cava of 37 rabbits was partly replaced by 3 mm internal diameter synthetic tube graft made of textile material (T: woven tetron) or non-textile material (P: polytetrafluoroethylene). At designated time intervals after the replacement (5 hours to 4 weeks), graft patency was examined and the dry weight of intraluminal deposits was measured. The harvested grafts were then subjected to light and scanning electron microscopy. All the T-grafts were occluded as early as 5 hours after grafting but when ticlopidine was administered prior to the grafting, all the grafts were patent. All the P-grafts were patent up to 4 weeks after grafting, though the amount of intraluminal deposits was increased in a time related manner, narrowing the lumen of the grafts. The luminal surface of the P-grafts harvested at 5 hours after grafting was covered by piles of fibrin networks entrapping erythrocytes without an association of platelet aggregates, which resembles the finding in the T-grafts harvested from the ticlopidine treated rabbits. In the P-grafts, both the proximal and distal luminal surfaces near the anastomosis were fully covered with endothelial cells by 2 weeks and the entire luminal surface was covered with these cells by 4 weeks. From these results, the following conclusions were obtained; (1) P-graft was superior to T-graft for venous prosthesis, which is mainly due to the inertness of P against platelet activation. (2) Though the luminal surface of the P-grafts was completely covered with endothelial cells by 4 weeks after grafting, the lumen was markedly narrowed by intimal hyperplasia.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Textile pest control in textile stores with a combination preparation of methoxycholor and chlorpyrifos [0,0-diethyl-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)-monothiophosphate]].

The effect on man of a mixture of methoxyclorine and 0,0-diethyl-(o8k8l-trichloro-2-pyridyl)-monothiophosphate (chlorpyrifos) used for textile pest control in poorly ventilated textile storages were examined under realistic test conditions. The chronical exposure of the test persons to chlorpyrifos, although originally thought to be of a negligible order, surprisingly resulted in an approximately 40% inhibition of the serum chlinesterase (ChE) without any significant spontaneous recovery of the ChE activity in three out of four test subjects during the test period. On the contrary, the activity of the acetylcholinesterase of the erythrocytes (AChE), after a temporary insignificant decrease, was found to be considerable increased for the duration of the test. As a result of these examinations it is recommended not to use insecticides containing alkylphosphates for textile pest control in poorly ventilated reeom if an exposure of man during the desorption phase cannot be excluded.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1990

Fast electrotransfer of human serum proteins in their native state from polyacrylamide thin gradient gels reinforced by textiles to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. Rapid electrotransfer from thin gradient gels reinforced by textiles.

A fast electroblotting technique of native molecules electrophoretically separated in thin (0.25 to 0.5 mm) gradient gels, onto a high capacity membrane of polyvinylidene difluoride is described. Omitting methanol during transfer, the equilibration step is avoided and the same buffer is used in electrophoresis and transfer. As the gel reinforced by fabric never swells nor shrinks, and as all the bands are blotted, the transfer matrix exactly reflects the protein pattern of the original gel. Autoradiography is enhanced and electroelution is homogeneous in all parts of the gels. Significant improvement is noticed in binding proteins of molecular weight from about 20 kDa to more than 700 kDa, as suggested by complete electroelution of all native serum components.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1991

Pernicious anaemia in the textile industry.

The objective was to examine whether the observed excess mortality from anaemia in textile and clothing workers was associated with any specific anaemia type or occupational activity. The design was a death certificate based case-control study of textile and clothing workers who died in England and Wales in the years surrounding the decennial censuses of 1961, 1971, and 1981. The main outcome measures were type of anaemia, place of residence, place of birth, and occupation. The frequency of the different types of anaemia in textile and clothing workers differed from that of England and Wales with relatively more deaths from pernicious anaemia than in the country as a whole (74 observed v 55 expected deaths). Within the industry, those whose death was attributed to pernicious anaemia were more than twice as likely as other textile and clothing workers to have worked in textile mills (odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.4-4.2). These results could not be explained by age, sex, place of residence, or place of birth, and review of the death certificates did not suggest that pernicious anaemia as a cause of death had been recorded in error. Historical support for the finding was found in the Registrar General's 1931 decennial supplement on occupational mortality, in which the standardised mortality ratio from pernicious anaemia in male textile mill workers was estimated to be twice that of the general population. In conclusion, occupational factors, specifically work in textile mills, could be implicated in the pathogenesis of pernicious anaemia. The aetiology of this disease is not well understood and further study of pernicious anaemia in textile mill workers is required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Contact sensitization to textile dyes: description of 100 subjects.

We have described 100 subjects sensitized to textile dyes. Of these, 16 had clinically been suspected of having a textile dermatitis from among 1145 patients referred for patch testing. 41 patients were identified from among 861 consecutive subjects tested with the GIRDCA (Italian Research Group on Contact and Environmental Dermatitis) standard series supplemented with 4 disperse dyes (Disperse Blue 124, Disperse Red 1, Disperse Yellow 3, Disperse Orange 3). The remaining 43 patients were identified from among 746 subjects tested with the GIRDCA standard series, supplemented with the 4 disperse dyes mentioned above and a further series of 12 other textile dyes. The clinical picture was extremely variable: most patients had a typical eczematous dermatitis, but we also observed persistent erythematous-wheal-type reactions, a transient urticarial dermatitis and an erythema-multiforme-like eruption. Among these textile dyes, Disperse Blue 124 caused most reactions. With the addition of the 4 disperse dyes to the GIRDCA standard series, we identified 4.8% sensitized to textile dyes, a much higher figure than the 1.4% observed among patients being patch tested on the basis of their history and the clinical findings; the addition of a further 12 textile dyes to the series further increased the detection rate to 5.8%. We stress the importance of routinely patch testing with textile dyes, which can help to elucidate the cause of certain kinds of atypical dermatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Comparative economic evaluation of nonwoven and traditional woven textiles in operating rooms].

The nonwoven textiles do not let oneself unconcerned, but are often considered with reserve in the operating theatre, at least for the "noble" textiles, such as the surgical drapes or the surgeon's gowns. Their part is to set barriers to prevent against microbial contamination. Now, it is proved that these nonwoven textiles qualities rise above that of the woven materials. What are the reasons for this reserve? A survey carried out in 1986 at the Angers hospital, compared with other similar studies, have shown a cost decreased by 20 per cent on an average, when the nonwoven textiles are used for a surgical operation, except the gowns. On the other hand, the cost increases by 20 per cent when nonwoven textiles gowns are also used. The features of the traditional textiles versus nonwoven ones in an operating theatre are described and show the interest of the nonwoven textiles.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed2026

Compost microbiomes as reservoirs of cellulolytic microorganisms for cellulosic textile degradation.

Cellulosic textiles, constituting over 30% of global fibre production, are biodegradable but remain challenging to recycle at scale owing to their high crystallinity, chemical finishes, and heterogeneous waste streams. Although microorganisms drive cellulose turnover in natural ecosystems, their potential for transforming anthropogenic cellulosic waste remains largely unexplored. In this study, composting was evaluated both as a sustainable approach to textile biodegradation and a reservoir of cellulolytic microorganisms with biotechnological potential. Biodegradation assays of cotton and lyocell were integrated with shotgun metagenomics and targeted cultivation to identify microbial taxa and enzymes involved in cellulose degradation. Composting trials showed that degradation was strongly influenced by both composting system and fibre composition. Community composting achieved near-complete textile disintegration, while shredded textiles exhibited the highest degradation rates, reaching up to 97%. Shotgun metagenomic revealed a bacterial-dominated community enriched in Actinomycetota and Bacillota and characterised by an abundance of glycoside hydrolases. Culture-based screening recovered 62 microbial isolates, of which Neurospora and Aspergillus exhibited the highest cellulolytic activity (>60%). In vitro assays further showed that cotton was more readily degraded than lyocell, with several isolates achieving >70% mass loss. Metagenomic approach revealed a predominantly bacterial composting community at the sampled stage, whereas cultivation preferentially recovered fungi that, despite their low relative abundance in situ, exhibited strong cellulolytic potential. These findings highlight the potential of composting as a sustainable end-of-life strategy for cellulosic textiles and identify compost microbiomes as valuable reservoirs of cellulolytic microorganisms for the development of sustainable bioprocesses for textile waste treatment.

Cellulose↗
PubMed1991

Exposure-related declines in the lung function of cotton textile workers. Relationship to current workplace standards.

To evaluate the effectiveness of the current workplace standards in preventing chronic health effects from cotton dust exposure, a 5-yr longitudinal study of a large multimill population of cotton textile and synthetic process workers, employed at a major U.S. textile company, was conducted. To control for and assess the effect of type of work area on annual change in lung function, we limited the analysis to those 1,817 subjects who, throughout their textile work history at the company, worked exclusively in cotton yarn manufacturing or slashing and weaving, or in synthetic textile mills. The expected effect of smoking on average annual change in lung function was demonstrated for both cotton and synthetic workers. Despite lower overall dust exposure, cotton yarn workers exhibited steeper annual declines in lung function than did workers in slashing and weaving; this difference persisted within each smoking category, indicating a dust potency effect. There were mill differences in annual change in lung function among cotton workers, potentially masking an exposure effect. A smoking-work area interaction persisted after adjusting for mill differences, with the largest annual declines observed in cotton yarn workers who smoke. A significant dose-response relationship was seen in cotton yarn manufacturing between annual declines in FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 and average exposure by mill, and the larger declines were found in mills using the highest percentage and lowest grade of cotton. Synthetic textile workers had larger declines than did cotton textile workers, which were not explained by smoking or duration of employment. Unrecognized and unmeasured causative exposures or selection bias could explain this result.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Carcinogenicity of chrysotile asbestos: a case control study of textile workers.

Chrysotile is the predominant type of asbestos used in the United States and thus represents the most important source of exposure to asbestos already in place. While the steepest exposure-response observed for lung cancer has been in workers exposed to chrysotile in textile operations, some argue that chrysotile is less carcinogenic than amphibole asbestos types. Mineral oil exposures have been hypothesized to be responsible for the highly elevated lung cancer risk seen in textile workers. A lung cancer case-control analysis among a cohort of South Carolina chrysotile asbestos textile workers was conducted. Only a modest reduction in the slope of the lung cancer exposure-response relationship was observed after controlling for mineral oil exposures. These data do not support mineral oil exposure as a plausible explanation for the elevated lung cancer risk seen in chrysotile asbestos textile workers. The possible role of longer, thinner, more carcinogenic fibers in textiles is one plausible hypothesis needing further investigation.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1992

Immunological findings and respiratory function in cotton textile workers.

Immunological parameters were studied in a group of 24 cotton textile workers. These were volunteers from a cohort of 106 (83 women and 23 men) previously studied textile workers. A group of 30 employees from a bottle packing plant served as a control for the immunologic studies. The subgroup of volunteers undergoing immunologic testing did not differ from the original cohort of textile workers in age, sex, smoking history, or prevalence of most chronic respiratory symptoms, nor were there any significant differences in baseline lung function or across-shift changes. The 24 cotton worker volunteers underwent skin testing with extracts of cotton dust and cotton seed. Eight of these 24 (33.3%) had positive tests, and 5 of the 8 had elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Only one of the 8 skin-test-positive workers had symptoms of byssinosis. Only 1 of 30 control workers' skin tested with cotton extract reacted, and none had an increased serum IgE level (P less than 0.01). Both baseline lung function and across-shift changes did not differ between workers with positive and negative skin test reactions or between workers with normal and elevated IgE levels. Additionally, we studied the response in vitro of nonsensitized guinea pig trachea to cotton bract extract and demonstrated a dose-dependent contractile response. These data suggest that while immunological findings are frequent in textile workers, they correlate poorly with respiratory symptoms and function and may not be the basis for the airway obstruction seen in this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Airborne endotoxin concentrations in various work areas within two cotton textile mills in the People's Republic of China.

As part of a multidisciplinary longitudinal approach to assess the roles of airborne cotton dust and endotoxins in affecting the respiratory health of cotton textile workers, this study was designed to quantify the endotoxin contamination of airborne vertically elutriated and total dusts. Yarn preparation areas (opening through fine spinning) were studied at two cotton textile mills which had been studied 5 years previously in Shanghai. People's Republic of China, Filter, with vertically elutriated (VE) or total dusts were mailed to the United States and endotoxin analyses were performed for each filter in duplicate with the quantitative chromogenic modification of the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Dusts from all areas of the textile mills contained endotoxins. Endotoxin burdens in VE dusts from the carding area were similar in both milk while the endotoxin contamination of total dust from carding in Mill 1 was over threefold greater than that of total dust from carding in Mill 2. All other areas differed between milk in both VE and total dust endotoxin burdens. Mean endotoxin levels in VE dusts from all areas of both mills were well above the reported threshold of 90 EU/m3 for acute pulmonary function effects in humans. Comparison of selected areas of both mills from the present study with the same work areas from the previous study showed that, in general, the airborne endotoxin burden was higher than levels found 5 years ago in these two mills. The data suggest that even with reduced or unchanged gravimetric dust levels in these two cotton textile mills, airborne endotoxin levels were higher and provided an increased potential for adverse respiratory response in exposed workers.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

Textiles and sun protection.

The spectral transmission of ultraviolet radiation was measured through natural textiles (cotton, wool, silk) and human-made textiles (acrylic, viscose, polyester). Each textile exhibited a characteristic spectral transmission curve, but the protection afforded by a given fabric depended more on the nature of the weave than on the particular type of textile.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Aqueous two-phase protein partitioning using textile dyes as affinity ligands.

A simple and inexpensive aqueous two-phase system for the affinity partitioning of proteins is introduced. An aqueous solution consisting of maltodextrin (M100; molecular mass, 1800) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP360; molecular mass, 360,000) formed two phases at 4 degrees C when the concentration of the polymers was 22.5% (w/w) and 4.0% (w/w), respectively. When the amino derivatives of chlorotriazine textile dyes or other azo textile dyes were added to the two-phase system they partitioned asymmetrically, favoring the upper, less dense, PVP360-rich phase. The association of the textile dyes with PVP360 did not prevent them from acting as affinity ligands for proteins. Three of the dyes screened increased the partition coefficient of purified lysozyme nearly 50-fold over a control containing no dye. Parameters such as pH, ionic strength, and dye concentration modulated the affinity-partitioning effect of the system. The partition coefficient of lysozyme in an egg white protein mixture increased severalfold as the total protein content of the system approached 4% (w/w), indicating that protein concentration is also important in determining the partitioning characteristics of this two-phase system. Proteins were efficiently freed of PVP360 and textile dye by recovery in a high-salt solution when another two-phase system was formed upon the addition of a solution of concentrated potassium phosphate to the isolated upper phase of a PVP360/M100/textile dye two-phase system. The affinity-partitioning system presented here allows one to screen large numbers of potentially useful protein ligands to optimize protein separation, followed by direct scaleup to a system size determined by the user.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed1992

Respiratory disorders and atopy in cotton, wool, and other textile mill workers in Denmark.

A cross-sectional study of respiratory disorders and atopy in Danish textile industry workers was conducted to survey respiratory symptoms throughout the textile industry, to estimate the association of these disorders with atopy, and to study dose-response relationships within the cotton industry. Workers at cotton mills, a wool mill, and a man-made fiber (MMF) mill were examined. Four hundred nine (90%) of the 445 workers participated in this survey, i.e., 253, 62, and 94 workers at the cotton mills, the wool mill, and the MMF mill, respectively. An interview designed to assess the prevalence of common respiratory and allergic symptoms was given to all workers willing to participate, and blood samples were drawn. Lung function measurements determined a baseline FEV1, FVC and the change in FEV1 and FVC during work hours on a Monday. The working environment was examined for dust, bacteria, endotoxins, and molds, and the exposure was estimated for each participant. The mean personal samples of airborne respirable dust and respirable endotoxin were highest in the cotton industry, i.e., 0.17-0.50 mg/m3 and 9.0-126 ng/m3 respectively, whereas mold spores were found in the highest concentrations in the wool mill: 280-791 colony-forming units (cfu)/m3. Only small concentrations of microorganisms were found in the MMF mill. The mean change in FEV1% and FVC% was greatest among atopic individuals in both cotton and wool industry and other textile industries although the differences were not significant. FEV1% and FVC% in the cotton workers were significantly associated with the cumulative exposure to respirable endotoxin. Byssinosis was diagnosed only in the cotton industry. We found a dose-response relationship between endotoxin exposure and byssinosis, and a significant association between A-1-A serum concentrations less than or equal to 35 mumol/liter and byssinosis, a finding we are further evaluating in subsequent studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Byssinosis: airway responses in textile dust exposure.

The inhalation of textile dusts causes bronchoconstriction in textile workers and in healthy experimental subjects. The airway responses to these dusts are potentiated by propranolol and inhibited by an antihistamine drug and by ascorbic acid. Administration of 20 mg disodium cromoglycate by spinhaler 30 minutes prior to challenge with hemp dust or hemp dust extract protected a small number of subjects against the airway constrictor effect, mostly those with a large acute reduction in flow rates. Textile dust extracts contain a histamine-releasing agent, which explains their airway constrictor effect. This agent is a highly water-soluble, heat-stable, low-molecular-weight compound which has not yet been chemically identified. In the prevention and control of byssinosis, the administration of drugs such as ascorbic acid or disodium cromoglycate should be considered in addition to engineering methods.

Adult↗