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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Malignant neoplasms in Saudi Arabia.

In a sample of 1000 consecutive malignant neoplasms in Saudis resident in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia, malignant lymphoma was the commonest of the life-threatening malignancies. The differences between malignant lymphoma in this sample and Western series include the greater frequency of lymphoma; the tendency for reticulum cell and poorly differentiated lymphomas to present as abdominal lesions; the earlier peak of prevalence of Hodgkin's disease, and the dissimilar proportions of its subtypes. The distribution of cancers in the gastrointestinal tract in our sample is almost the reverse of that encountered in the West in that cancer of the mouth and esophagus were more common than cancer of the lower intestinal tract. Lung cancer was relatively uncommon. The smoking habit is not so prevalent in Saudi Arabia as in the West and there is a need to maintain this situation by discouraging smoking. Cancer of the breast was by far the commonest major malignancy in the female, although most Saudi women have their first child early in their reproductive life. Skin cancers proved to be the most prevalent malignancy, and of these squamous cell carcinoma was the most common. The biases that affect studies such as ours in Saudi Arabia are stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck: diagnosis and management.

Rhabdomyosarcoma represents the most common soft-tissue neoplasm of the head and neck found in children. The tumor is most commonly seen in Caucasian children under the age of 12, usually presenting as a painless mass. Distant metastases are frequently present, especially in regional lymph nodes, lung, and bone marrow. All patients suspected of having this disorder should have a thorough examination of the head and neck, as well as a complete radiographic evaluation of the primary region. Histologic disagnosis should be made as rapidly as possible. Once this has been accomplished, a thorough search for metastatic disease can be undertaken. Therapy must be individualized, and a team approach is advocated. The roles of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are discussed. A staging system and a treatment-therapy plan are outlined.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Adriamycin and other anthracycline antibiotics under study in the United States.

Adriamycin is now firmly established as a drug with a very broad spectrum of antitumor activity. It has had a major impact on the therapy of sarcomas. The dose response effect in this tumor is steep and combinations which compromise the dose of adriamycin too greatly are showing inferior results. In lung and breast cancer combinations with adriamycin have been extensively tried. The FAC Regimen in breast cancer has given excellent results at the M.D. Anderson Hospital. The inclusion of adriamycin in combinations has had an impact in the poor prognosis histologies of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The CHOP regimen is one of the best developed to date for diffuse histiocytic lymphomas. In the leukemias adriamycin is probably equivalent to daunorubicin which has been more extensively used in this country. A new analog called Rubidazone has shown good activity in AML with a smooth induction and its incorporation into combination with Ara-C, vincristine and prednisone in a regimen called ROAP is being investigated. Adriamycin in complex with DNA has been clinically evaluated, but at this time, no advantage for this approach can be demonstrated.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1979

Congenital fibrosarcoma metastatic to the choroid.

A 2 1/2-year-old boy developed a choroidal metastasis from a congenital fibrosarcoma of the lower left limb that had been amputated shortly after birth. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of a congenital fibrosarcoma that metastasized to the choroid.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1977

Liposarcoma of the oropharyngeal region. Review of the literature and report of two cases.

Liposarcomas of the oropharyngeal regions are exceedingly rare. Their silent, slow growth, submucosal or deep location, circumscription, and firm but resilient texture often suggest a diagnosis of a cyst or benign soft-tissue neoplasm. Two cases of well-differentiated myxoid liposarcoma are presented. The literature of over half a century was reviewed, and all documented cases were critically analyzed. The clinical data correlated with the histopathology and biologic behavior of the tumors indicated that two thirds of all liposarcomas of the head and neck are of the myxoid type. The well-differentiated myxoid liposarcoma was the most common one and has an over-all favorable prognosis. Lipomas of the oropharyngeal regions are relatively common and small, generally not exceeding 2.5 cm. in greatest diamter. A lobulated firm tumor of fast tissue significantly exceeding this size should be strongly suspected of being a liposarcoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Clinical testing of the radiosensitiser Ro-07-0582. III. Response of tumours.

The nitro-imidazole Ro-07-0582, a known radiosensitiser of hypoxic cells in animals, was administered orally to seven patients with metastatic tumour, before irradiation. The delay imposed on the growth of tumour treated in this way was compared to that of tumour in the same patient treated with radiation alone. Two patients died before any assessment of response could be made. Qualitative evidence from a further three patients suggested some enhancement of radiation effect in two patients but not in the third. Quantitative evidence was obtained from the remaining two patients. In one, a patient with multiple pulmonary metastases from a carcinoma of the breast, no enhancement was shown. In the other, a patient in whom 21 subcutaneous metastases from a carcinoms of the cervix of the uterus were measured, an enhancement ratio of 1-2 was found. This agrees with the value from the same patient's skin when rendered artificially hypoxic, as reported previously. The conditions under which quantitative information may best be obtained in this type of trial are described and various factors affecting the interpretation of results are discussed. Ro-07-0582 has thus been shown to have a radiosensitising effect in man and may therefore prove of value in radiotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Hyperthermia in the treatment of cancer.

There is now considerable evidence that heat can be used to destroy tumours. The metabolism of many types of cancer cell is selectively damaged at temperatures of 42-43 degrees C, and deficient tumour blood-flow at raised temperature represents a further exploitable Achilles heel. A striking feature of tumour heating is that metastases may regress with cure of the host; this has occurred with recurrent melanoma and sarcomas of the limbs. Heat acts synergistically with X-rays and some cytotoxic drugs to increase the therapeutic ratio for local tumour control. Guidelines for tumour heating are now being formulated against a strong experimental background in animal systems. The association of a wide variety of disciplines from oncology to electronics has already resulted in techniques for selectively treating human tumours at 50 degrees C and in internal heat applicators for insertion via natural passages. It is predicted that heat will achieve a place, most likely as an adjuvant, in cancer therapy. Work on animals and in vitro is of limited value in helping to define this place. The complexity of the tumour/host response to heat and the deficiencies in our knowledge of the biophysics of heating militate against early routine application of hyperthermia in the clinic.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1978

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma: an ultrastructural study of six cases.

The ultrastructures of six malignant fibrous histiocytomas were studied. The lesions were composed of different proportions of fibroblastic- and histiocytic-appearing cells. Intermediate, undifferentiated, and foam cells also were present. Three of the lesions had some "fibroblasts" that had intracytoplasmic bundles of filaments with focal densities (myofibroblastic cells). Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is considered a sarcoma that has an undifferentiated mesenchymal cell origin, that differentiates along a broad fibroblastic and histiocytic (fibrohistiocytic) spectrum, and that usually has a predominant "fibroblastic" component.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Neurofibromatosis in childhood.

A study of 78 children with neurofibromatosis showed that 40% had an autosomal dominant form of inheritence and a wide variety of manifestations which developed at varying stages during childhood. The pattern of these manifestations differed in many respects from the pattern seen in adults with neurofibromatosis. As a result of our inability to predict the future appearance of these manifestations and the difficulty encountered in treating advanced lesions, it is suggested that a policy of early detection and treatment is advisable. This applies particularly to intrathoracic neurofibromas, tumours of the optic nerves, spinal cord and brain, and kyphoscoliosis.

Bone Neoplasms↗