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PubMed2000

Single-parent family background and physical illness in adulthood: a follow-up study of the Northern Finland 1966 birth cohort.

The association between single-parent family background and physical illness in early adulthood was studied in a sample of an unselected, general population: the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort. Between the ages of 16 and 28 years, women of single-parent family background were more commonly treated (61% versus 57%) for any physical condition in hospital wards compared with women of two-parent family background. Spontaneous abortions (odds ratio; OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-2.0), complications of pregnancy (OR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.3), and intracranial injuries (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-3.8) were more common among women with single-parent family background. They also had a clearly higher risk for induced abortions (OR = 1.6. 95% CI 1.4-1.9), and a higher incidence of deliveries than did other women. The risk of hospital-treated physical illness did not differ between men of single-parent and two-parent family background. Poisonings and injuries were, however, more common reasons for hospital admission among men with single-parent family background than among other men. In conclusion, our main finding was that, among women, an association between overall hospital-treated physical illness and single-parent family background does exist. However, offspring of single-parent families are mostly in as good physical health as others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Utilization of child health services by children in single-parent and two-parent families.

With the increase in single-parent families, questions have been raised concerning the adequacy of the access to care for children residing in these families. A year of visits to primary health care sources are compared for a random sample of elementary school children residing with one of two-parent families. Contrary to expectations concerning the medical disenfranchisement of single-parent children when socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and children and youth project enrollment are controlled, no differences are found in use/nonuse of facilities or range of visits. Further studies should take into account parental employment as a separate and possibly more important factor than number of parents in the home when studying use of pediatric services.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1972

Problems of the single-parent family unit.

Case reports on single-parents families demonstrate some unique problems with which such a family unit must cope. Single mothers frequently present children to the family physician, pediatrician or child psychiatrist with specific symptom complaints. There exists a need to recognize that these symptoms may reflect the special problems of the single-parent family or unresolved issues which led to the formation of the unit.To meet the needs of these parents the physician must explore the specific circumstances of such a family in some depth. Nonjudgmental recognition of their problems may decrease the tendency to view these problems as "psychiatric". Increased awareness of this entity as a new social unit will help the physician choose proper techniques and appropriate resources to provide support.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A comparison of depression among employed single-parent and married women.

This study of employed single-parent (n = 52) and married women (n = 87) investigated employment characteristics (time spent at work, income), psychological resources (self-esteem, sex-role attitudes), and management of domestic activities (evaluation and satisfaction with performance) in relation to depression. For the most part, correlates of depression were quite different for the two groups of women. Nontraditional sex-role attitudes, more time at work, higher income, low work-family strain, and high self-esteem were associated with less depression among single parents. Positive work orientation, high self-esteem, less time spent at work, and satisfaction with domestic tasks were linked with lower depression among married women.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Educational attainment of children from single-parent families: differences by exposure, gender, and race.

This article examines the effect of living in a single-parent family on educational attainment by gender and race. According to household production theory, the reduction in parental resources for human capital investment in children living in a single-parent family should lower their educational attainment. Using matched mother-daughter and mother-son samples from the National Longitudinal Surveys, we constructed precise measures of the age and length of time a child lived in a single-parent family. Empirical findings show that the negative effect of living in a single-parent family (1) increases with the number of years spent in this type of family, (2) is greatest during the preschool years, and (3) is larger for boys than girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Single parents: interaction of parenting and sexual issues.

This study was designed to investigate how children affect the sexual lives of their single parents. More specifically, this study investigated how being a single mother or father affects parenting roles, partner relationships, sexual guilt, and sexual satisfaction. Data were collected from a sample of 155 parents who were members of a single-parenting organization. The findings revealed a significant difference between single mothers and single fathers regarding attitudes toward their relationship with their children. Although fathers more often reported being content in their parent-child relationships, they also were less frequently involved in the custodial care of the children. One of the major problems reported by single parents, especially mothers, was the relationship interference they perceived emanating from former spouses, children, and children of current partners. In addition, single parents also experienced guilt over their involvement with a relationship partner when it took time away from their children. Although the majority of single parents were satisfied with their sexual lives, there was a significant association between parent-child relationship and perceived sexual satisfaction for women. An increased awareness of the parenting roles and sexual lives of single parents can better enable family professionals to meet the needs of single parents as they act and react to changes in families and society.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Single parents, stepparents, and the susceptibility of adolescents to antisocial peer pressure.

According to a recent report, adolescents living in single-parent households are more likely to engage in deviant activity than are youngsters living with both natural parents, or in single-parent, extended households, allegedly because the presence of an additional adult provides greater control of youngsters' behavior. In the present study, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth graders from 1 of 3 family structures (both natural parents, mother alone, or 1 natural parent and a stepparent) were compared with respect to their susceptibility to peer pressure to engage in deviant activity. All comparisons controlled for sex, age, socioeconomic status, maternal employment, and patterns of family decision making. Youngsters living with both natural parents were less susceptible to pressure from their friends to engage in deviant behavior than youngsters living in other family structures. More important, youngsters growing up in stepfamilies--in the presence of an additional adult--were equally at risk for involvement in deviant behavior as were their peers growing up in single-parent households.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Single-parent mothers, poverty and mental health: review of the literature].

The goal of this article is to discuss an overview of literature published from 1968 to 1993 and dealing with links between single-parenting, poverty and mental health. A total of 56 articles were selected based on the most current data banks. Results show that the population of single-parent mothers is growing and that they are becoming increasingly poor. Of the six mental health variables listed by the author, four (psychological distress, self-esteem, perception of one's own skills and psychological isolation) clearly demonstrate that single-parent mothers are in a less healthy mental state than are mothers in two-parent families. Results also indicate that self-esteem, distress and psychological well-being are affected by economic variables. Results therefore vary according to the variable being measured. Although single-parent mothers experience more psychological discomfort than mothers in two-parent families, they do not seem to experience more serious mental health problems. The authors argue that future research on the subject should take into consideration a certain number of aspects, discussed in the conclusion of this article, which account for links between single-parenting, poverty and mental health.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Demographic features and psychosocial problems in single-parent families: 1985 to 1995.

Single-parent families and children seen in Hacettepe University's Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in 1985 and 1995 were evaluated. Divorce was the most frequent reason for single parenthood. Children of divorced families experienced a higher number and severity of symptoms, and a longer delay before applying for medical help. Oppositional defiant behavior was at equal frequency in all groups, but suicide attempts, school failure due to psychological causes, conduct disorder, and somatoform disorders were more frequent in divorced families. Divorced mothers were more likely to have a higher level of education and were more likely to work. From 1985 to 1995, mothers' age and educational level increased; the number and age of children decreased. Studies on such families are indicated to determine risk factors for psychosocial problems and to develop preventive measures.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed2005

Understanding racial differences in the economic costs of growing up in a single-parent family.

This article examines whether the economic consequences of growing up in a single-parent family differ for black children and white children. It is important to understand whether the costs differ across racial groups because although much of the rhetoric about poor single-parent families focuses on inner-city blacks, most children who live in such families are white. If the costs of living with only one parent vary across groups, then policies that are aimed at reducing the costs that do not acknowledge this variation will not target resources efficiently. We found that the economic costs of living with a single parent are larger for black children than for white children. Most of the discrepancy can be attributed to differences in remarriage rates, marital stability, welfare participation, and female labor supply.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Utilization of medical services by single-parent and two-parent families.

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of family structure on the utilization of health care services. Data from the Family Health Utilization Survey, a six-month prospective study, showed that when confounders were controlled using a multiple regression model, being in a single-parent family was predictive of a statistically significant increase in overall utilization of ambulatory health care services. There were no differences between single-parent and two-parent families in rates of hospitalization or emergency room visits. There was a trend toward a higher rate for obtaining telephone advice by the single-parent families and a higher rate of after-hours care among the two-parent families. Single-parent families were also more likely to feel they needed care but did not obtain it. Differences that exist in the health care utilization patterns of single- and two-parent families should be considered in assessing health care needs of families.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Custody planning. a retrospective review of oncology patients who were single parents.

With rising numbers of single-parent families, a phenomenon becoming increasingly prevalent is the child orphaned by cancer. We sought to examine issues related to custody planning addressed prior to the patient's death. Ten deceased patients with minor children were identified. The contact person was administered a brief questionnaire regarding the minor children and custody issues. The study involved twenty children, ages ranging from 3-20, mean age 9.8. Only five of the ten families developed custody plans that were ultimately successful. One-half of the families reported the patient had suffered with this issue and almost one-half of the children were not aware of the custody plans that had been arranged for them. In 40% of the cases, the children ultimately went to people to whom the deceased parents were opposed. It is our belief that if we can improve these statistics, we might improve the quality of life of these families.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family support and child adjustment in single-parent families.

The complex phenomenon of single parenthood is explored within Roy's (Roy & Roberts, 1981) adaptation framework. Correlation analysis of a large family data set supported the literature and the conceptual framework. Findings suggested that single parents experienced a characteristic set of stressors distinguishing them from two-parent families. The mere availability of help with parenting seemed less important in fostering the children's positive adaptation than the quality of the relationship among the adults involved with the children. Practitioners are advised to address family support and the ability to cope with environmental factors when developing a treatment plan.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

Sources of social support related to single-parent functioning.

Factors related to successful functioning of single parents have not been identified. In this study, relationships among sources of social support and criterion measures of functioning were examined. To isolate the role of social support, a population was selected that was relatively homogeneous on variables considered important in coping with single parenthood: economic status, educational or vocational opportunities, access to day-care, and length of time as a single parent. A check list and structured interview were administered to 30 unmarried women to determine their sources of social support. Ratings of parenting adequacy and of the preschool child's emotional development and behavior by three professional staff members at the day-care centers were used as criterion measures of functioning. Based on the staff ratings, the adequately functioning group was distinquished from the inadequate one. Significant correlations were found between these staff ratings and one social support variable: support from talking with network the members. Key sources of social support were identified through discriminant analyses.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Single Parenting of the Adolescent.

This article discusses issues that are of interest and concern to all parents of adolescents, but that may be particularly difficult for single parents to manage. It also provides a framework for examining the areas of similarity as well as difference between the adolescent and the single parent. Attention is paid to the potential advantages of single-parent status.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Single-parent segregant pools for allocation of markers to a specified chromosomal region in outcrossing species.

Bulked co-segregant analysis is a method of rapidly allocating unmapped genetic markers to a specific chromosomal region. Although originally developed for utilization in populations derived from crosses between fully inbred lines, it has been proposed that co-segregant pools could also serve the same purpose in outbreeding populations, if individuals from only a single large family are pooled. Large, fully mapped, single-sire backcross and half-sib families are presently available as part of the international chicken and bovine reference family panels respectively. In this study, power and tests of significance for single-parent co-segregant analysis are derived for full-sib, single-parent back-cross and single-parent half-sib families, as a function of proportion of recombination between index marker and linked marker, pro-portion of single-parent alleles among the mates, number of individuals in each segregant pool and technical error variance. Power was found to be greater than 0.80 for many reasonable parameter combinations. The method is illustrated using microsatellite markers and a large single-sire bovine family, part of the international bovine reference family panel.

Alleles↗
PubMed1985

[The evolution of female single parent families in various regions of Quebec, 1971-1981].

Developments concerning single-parent, female-headed households in Quebec are analyzed. The authors note that in contrast to past experience, "the new single parent family is in most cases the result of a voluntary disruption of the household, or of a birth outside marriage; its head is mostly--and increasingly--the mother; and it concerns an increasingly younger population, among parents as well as children." Differences among metropolitan regions are analyzed with regard to labor force participation, income, and housing conditions. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Emotional and behavioural problems experienced by children living in single-parent families: a pilot study.

This study compared the prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems experienced by 10-11 year old and 14-15 year old children living in single-parent and two-parent families in South Australia. The 10-11 year old male children living in single-parent families were found to have significantly more emotional and behavioural problems than 10-11 year old male children living in two-parent families. In particular, the younger male children living in single-parent families experienced more externalizing behaviour problems than younger male children living in two-parent families. It is suggested that paediatricians and general practitioners need to be aware of children who are at particular risk for developing emotional and behavioural problems, and the approaches which may be employed to provide help.

Adolescent↗