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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Influence of preinduction methoxamine, lactated Ringer solution, or hypertonic saline solution infusion or postinduction dobutamine infusion on anesthetic-induced hypotension in horses.

A controlled study of the cardiovascular responses in horses anesthetized with acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg of body weight, IV), guaifenesin (100 mg/kg, IV), thiamylal (5.0 mg/kg, IV), and halothane in O2 (1.2 to 1.4% end-expired concentration) was performed to determine whether hypotension could be prevented by use of various treatments. Six horses were given 5 treatments in a randomized sequence: no treatment (control), methoxamine (0.04 mg/kg, IV), lactated Ringer solution (20.0 ml/kg, IV), 7.5% hypertonic saline solution (4.0 ml/kg, IV), or constant infusion of dobutamine (5.0 mg/kg/min, IV) during anesthesia. Heart rate, ECG, blood pressure, central venous pressure, cardiac output, blood gas analysis, PVC, and plasma total protein concentration were measured during the study. Compared with the control value, an increase in blood pressure during halothane administration was observed after administration of lactated Ringer solution, hypertonic saline solution, or dobutamine (P less than 0.05). The improved blood pressure response to hypertonic saline solution and dobutamine was related to an increase in cardiac output, which was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Other statistically significant differences in cardiopulmonary responses among treatments were not observed during anesthesia. The PCV was increased in response to dobutamine infusion, and plasma total protein concentration was reduced in response to administration of hypertonic saline or lactated Ringer solution.

Acepromazine↗
PubMed1997

The role of Na+ channels in twitch generation during exposure of the frog rectus abdominis to Ca-free Ringer solution with Na2EDTA.

The aim of the study was to investigate whether Na+ channels play a role in the twitch component of the response of the isolated frog rectus abdominis to Ca(2+)-free Ringer solution with 0.2 mM Na2EDTA by using tetrodotoxin and some other well known drugs that exhibit a blocking action on Na+ channels. In the presence of 5 x 10(-7) M tetrodotoxin, the twitch component, measured isotonically, disappeared. Although 10(-7) M d-tubocurarine was found to be ineffective, a complete blockage of twitch amplitude was observed at 5 x 10(-6) M concentration of the drug. The inhibitory action of d-tubocurarine on twitch response was not antagonized by 10(-6) and 10(-5) M carbachol. Propranolol (10(-6) - 10(-5) M), lidocaine (2 x 10(-6) - 10(-5) M), quinine (10(-6) - 2 x 10(-5) M) and quinidine (10(-6) - 2 x 10(-5) M) inhibited maximal twitch amplitude in a concentration dependent manner. These findings strongly suggest that activation of tetrodotoxin sensitive Na+ channel may play a primary role at twitch generation during exposure of the frog rectus abdominis to Ca(2+)-free Ringer solution with Na2 EDTA.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Dynamics of various integral indices of individual changes of heat-resistance of isolated frog muscles kept in Ringer solution].

A study was made of the dynamics of the heat resistance (HR) mean level, of the correlation between the initial individual HR level and the value and direction of this level shifting, and of the pattern of correlation between HR levels of pair sartoria muscles and variability of HR level in muscles kept at 5-6 degrees C in the Ringer for 12 days. A two-phase changes in the mean HR level of muscles was revealed that involved its increase by 48% within one day of maintenance in the Ringer solution followed by its decrease by 14% in 6 days. On the first steps of muscle maintenance in the Ringer solution, a negative correlation was noticed between the initial HR level and the value and direction of its shifting, in addition to narrowing the range of variability of muscle HR level. All these events were accompanied by phase fluctuations in the correlation coefficient between HR levels of pair muscles. By the end of experiment the range of variability of the HR level was seen to increase, and the earlier positive correlation between pair muscle HR levels appeared either to change or to be a negative one. The increase in the range of variability preceded the decrease in the mean level of muscle HR.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Isolation of choline and choline esters from Krebs-Ringer solution for gas chromatographic determination.

A simple and efficient novel method for isolating picomole amounts of choline and choline esters in milliliter volumes of Krebs-Ringer solution has been developed. The procedure is based on the observation that the solubility of choline esters in acetonitrile is 10(4)-10(5) times higher than that of the inorganic salt constituents of Krebs-Ringer solution. The glucose content of the medium, which prevented the one-step isolation of choline esters based on acetonitrile extraction from its lyophilizate, was removed using Amberlite CG-50 column chromatography. Bound compounds to the column were eluted in 0.25 N HCl and lyophilized. The lyophilizate was extracted with acetonitrile, which was then decanted and eliminated by evaporation to dryness. The resultant glucose and salt-free residue can be assayed by gas chromatography. Total recoveries of added choline and choline esters over the entire isolation procedure, measured isotopically and/or gas chromatographically, were 93 and 97%, respectively. Due to the high and close-to-equal recoveries of choline esters, and the high purity of the final product, this procedure is suitable for estimating acetylcholine and choline in neural tissue perfusates by gas chromatography, as was demonstrated by this method using hippocampal slices.

Acetonitriles↗
PubMed1992

Failure of perfusion with oxygenated Krebs-Ringer solution to preserve the eccrine function of the vascular endothelium in bone.

An ex vivo canine tibia preparation was perfused at a constant rate with aerated (95% O2-5% CO2) Krebs-Ringer solution for 24 h. Bolus injections of norepinephrine (0.125-0.5 micrograms) were given and then acetylcholine (5 x 10(-5) M) was used to stimulate endothelial production of smooth muscle relaxing factors. Following 1 h of perfusion the addition of acetylcholine resulted in significant attenuation of the response to norepinephrine (p < 0.001). After 4 h perfusion acetylcholine did not attenuate the norepinephrine response, but addition of L-arginine (the precursor of endothelial-derived relaxing factor) resulted in significant attenuation in the presence of acetylcholine (p < 0.005). At 6, 12, and 24 h the acetylcholine did not attenuate the norepinephrine response. It is concluded that normothermic, continuous perfusion with oxygenated Krebs-Ringer solution results in normal endothelial eccrine activity up to 1 h. Following this period there is substrate depletion but endothelial eccrine function can be demonstrated for up to 4 h. At 6 h this function cannot be demonstrated, suggesting degradation of the functional integrity of the endothelium.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1988

[Experimental study on interdigestive migrating contractions with intestinal transection and injection of Ringer solution into intestine].

The occurrence and mechanism of IMC are still not completely elucidated. Base on the conjecture of that the region of intestine and its ingredients may be concerning with the conduction mechanism of IMC, following experiment was performed by author. Small intestine was cut into two parts. Anal side was closed as blind end, and the end of oral side was sutured to colon or anal part of intestine by end to side anastomosis. Gastric fistula and intestinal fistula of the blind ending intestine were also made, and six pieces of force transducers were sutured to the serosa of the intestine in order to observe the movement of intestine. Under non-anesthesia and non-restricted condition for whole day long, Ringer solution was injected into gastric or intestinal fistula by 50 ml one shot or continuous dripped infusion of 250 ml per hour. The result is: In upper part of intestine, the appearance of IMC in oral and anal side of intestine is continuously observed. However, in lower part of intestine, the IMC of oral and anal part of intestine appeared completely independent without any continuity. And, as one shot of 50 ml of Ringer solution was injected, the conduction of IMC was suppressed but still observable, while continuously infused of 250 ml/hr, the IMC was completely disappeared.

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y↗
PubMed1991

Tension and instantaneous stiffness of single muscle fibers immersed in Ringer solution of decreased tonicity.

Isometric tension and instantaneous stiffness were measured in frog semitendinosus single muscle fibers in both isotonic and hypotonic Ringer solution. In 0.7 and 0.5 x normal Ringer tension increased 17 and 20%, respectively. There was no corresponding increase in the measured stiffness. The increase in tension in hypotonic Ringer could be reversed by the addition of an osmotic equivalent of sucrose to the bathing solution. These findings suggest that the potentiated tension observed in hypotonic Ringer is due to an increased tension per cross-bridge and not to an increase in the number of attached cross-bridges.

Amphibians↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch (HES 40) in comparison with Ringer solution on oxygen tension in skeletal muscles of infected patients].

Volume expansion for the establishment of normal to slightly hyperdynamic systemic circulation has become part of a standard concept in the treatment of septicemic patients. The goal is an improvement of microcirculation with beneficial effects on tissue oxygen supply. This study investigates the effect of hydroxyethyl starch solution (HES 6%: mean molecular weight = 40,000) versus ringer's solution on tissue oxygen tensions in human skeletal muscle during periods of septicemia in 10 mechanically ventilated ICU-patients. Measurement of tissue oxygen tension was achieved by a polarographic pO2-sensitive flexible probe. After computer assisted analysis pO2-histograms were calculated out of 200 single pO2-values measured consecutively within a time period of 4 min. Infusions of 500 ml ringer's solution or 500 ml HES were given over 60 min in each patient in a randomized order. The second infusion was begun when the pO2-histogram had reproducibly regained control values as measured before treatment. Measurements were made every 30 min after starting the infusion for a total period of 150 min. As a result the median pO2 improved by 24.5% 90 min after the infusion of HES was begun with a simultaneous significant (30 to 150 min; p less than 0.05) drop in hematocrit from 34.3% to 32.4%. In contrast ringer's solution had no significant effect on tissue pO2 whereas the hematocrit was comparable to the HES group in the time period of 30-60 min. In both groups no linear correlation between hematocrit and pO2-tensions could be established. It remains unclear if pO2-tensions during and after HES infusion can be correlated to an improved capillary perfusion. However, as was clearly demonstrated, different types of solutions used for volume expansion may exert different effects on pO2-tissue tension in septic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Volume kinetics of Ringer solution after surgery for hip fracture.

PURPOSE: To study the time course of volume changes during and after infusion of Ringer's solution in elderly patients after a standardised trauma. METHODS: The kinetics of 12.5 ml.kg-1 Ringer's solution infused over 30 min were studied in ten patients one day after surgery for hip fracture (mean age, 70 yr) and in an age- and sex-matched control group. Hemodilution, as measured every five minutes for 90 min, was used to calculate the size of the fluid space expanded by the fluid (V) and the elimination rate constant (kr). The baseline fluid balance status in the patients and the controls was compared by bioelectrical impedance analysis. RESULTS: The size of V was 4.1 +/- 0.51 (mean +/- SEM) in the patients and 3.4 +/- 0.21 in the controls (P:NS) while the corresponding results for kr were 85 +/- 12 and 166 +/- 27 ml.min-1, respectively (P < 0.04). Bioelectrical impedance analysis showed that the extracellular fluid space and the total body water volumes did not differ between the two groups. Computer simulations based on the data obtained for V and kr indicate that trauma increases the dilution of the plasma volume and the retention of fluid in response to slow and moderate infusion rates, while these indices of short-term changes in fluid balance remain the same in the two groups during very rapid infusion of Ringer's solution. CONCLUSION: A slower elimination rate increased dilution of plasma and retention of fluid when Ringer's solution was infused in elderly trauma patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Effects of lactated Ringer solution and prednisolone sodium succinate on dogs with induced hemorrhagic shock.

Hemorrhagic shock was induced in nonsplenectomized dogs by removing 41% of their blood volume over a 15-minute period. Hemodynamic and metabolic variables were determined prior to and for 3 hours after completion of hemorrhage. One group of 5 dogs was not treated. After the 30-minute sample was collected, a second group of 5 dogs was given lactated Ringer solution (LRS) at 88 ml/kg of body weight, IV. A third group of 5 dogs was given LRS (88 ml/kg, IV) and prednisolone sodium succinate (11 mg/kg, IV) 30 minutes after hemorrhage. The IV administration of LRS was completed within 15 minutes. The glucocorticoid was administered as an IV bolus after 500 ml of LRS had been given. The large volume and administration of LRS significantly (P = 0.05) improved many of the hemodynamic and metabolic effects of acute hemorrhage and hemorrhagic shock. At one time or another during the 2.5-hour observation period after the initiation of treatment, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, heart rate, respiratory rate, lactate, glucose, and arterial and venous blood gas values were significantly (P = 0.05) improved, compared with baseline values. The addition of prednisolone sodium succinate to the treatment regimen improved the effectiveness of LRS alone only in some dogs at random sampling times. Significant trends were not observed except, possibly, the improvement of venous pH and A-V pH and PCO2 differences.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[Utility of acetated Ringer solution as intraoperative fluids during hepatectomy].

We used acetated Ringer (AR) and lactated Ringer (LR) solutions as an intraoperative fluid during hepatectomy and evaluated their effects on intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamics, metabolism, blood gas and renal as well as liver functions. Twenty patients scheduled for hepatectomy were divided into two groups according to the type of infused solution, AR or LR. The infusion rate was 15 +/- 2 ml.kg-1.min-1 with the first 500 ml and thereafter reduced to 10 +/- 2 ml.kg-1.min-1. Intraoperative serum lactate levels increased significantly in both groups. However, the level of lactate in the LR group (48.6 +/- 16.4 mg.dl-1) was significantly higher than in the AR group (29.1 +/- 14.3 mg.dl-1) at the end of the operation. D-lactate level was significantly higher in the LR group than in the AR group during the operation. Although acetate level increased significantly during the operation in the AR group, it decreased to the normal range at the end of the operation. There were no significant differences in the other parameters between the two groups. These results suggest that AR may be more useful in hepatectomy than LR as an intraoperative fluid.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Resuscitation with lactated Ringer solution limits the expression of molecular events associated with lung injury after hemorrhage.

The aim of this study was to determine whether hemorrhage altered the caspase-3 activity and the ATP levels in rat lung and ileum tissues and determine whether resuscitation with lactated Ringer solution (LR) or whole blood (WB) reversed these changes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were briefly anesthetized with isoflurane, and their mean arterial blood pressure was reduced from 110 to 40 mmHg by bleeding. The bled rat was then resuscitated with LR or autologous WB to bring mean arterial blood pressure back to 80 mmHg. Lung and ileum tissues were removed at the end of hemorrhage or at the end of the resuscitation period for specified bioassays. Hemorrhage increased cellular caspase-3 activity in the lung and the ileum. After the hemorrhaged rats received LR or WB, caspase-3 activity returned to the basal level in the lung and ileum, respectively. Likewise, hemorrhage decreased cellular ATP levels in lung and ileum. After LR or WB resuscitation, the cellular ATP level returned to the basal level only in the lung resuscitated with LR. The increased caspase-3 activity was associated with the increased expression of caspase-3 mRNA, which also returned to normal levels after either resuscitation. Similarly, hemorrhage increased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and Kruppel-like factor 6 and decreased expression of Kruppel-like factor 4. Subsequent LR resuscitation normalized the expression of these genes in the lung tissue. Our results demonstrate that resuscitation with LR can reverse the expression of genes and their products that are thought to contribute to hemorrhage-induced lung injury.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1997

Structural and electrochemical examinations of PACVD TiO2 films in Ringer solution.

The conditions for obtaining titanium dioxide from the substrates titanium tetrachloride and oxygen and applying this to a surgical stainless steel of the type 316L by the plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition method have been determined. It was established that, during the process, titanium dioxide anatase is created, Crystallizing in a tetragonal lattice. During exposure of the 316L steel with the titanium dioxide coating, in Ringer's solution, protective properties of this covering improve. After 120 h the coating adopts superior barrier characteristics. Titanium dioxide covering increases the resistivity of steel of the type 316L to pitting corrosion and general corrosion. Any damage or partial removal of the coating does not cause an increased galvanic corrosion of the substrate.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1997

Volume kinetics of Ringer solution, dextran 70, and hypertonic saline in male volunteers.

BACKGROUND: A knowledge of the distribution of different fluids given by intravenous infusion is basic to the understanding of the effects of fluid therapy. Therefore, a mathematical model was tested to analyze the volume kinetics of three types of fluids. METHODS: The authors infused 25 ml/kg of Ringer acetate solution, 5 ml/kg of 6% dextran 70 in 0.9% NaCl, and 3 ml/kg of 7.5% NaCl over 30 min in 8 male volunteers aged from 25 to 36 years (mean, 31 years) and measured the changes in total hemoglobin, serum albumin, and total blood water over time. The changes were expressed as fractioned dilution and then plotted against time. The curves were fitted to a one-volume and a two-volume model, which allowed an estimation of the size of the body fluid space expanded by the fluid (V) and the elimination rate constant (k(r) to be made. RESULTS: The changes in blood water concentration indicated a mean size of V of 5.9 1 (+/- 0.8, SEM) for Ringer's solution, 2.6 (+/- 0.3) 1 for dextran, and 1.2 (+/- 0.1) 1 for hypertonic saline. The corresponding values of k(r) were 94 (+/- 42), 12 (+/- 6), and 30 (+/- 4) ml/min, respectively. Blood hemoglobin indicated a degree of dilution similar to that indicated by blood water. Serum albumin indicated a more pronounced dilution, which resulted in a larger expandable volume and a greater mean square error for the curvefitting. The larger volume obtained for serum albumin can probably be explained by a loss of intravascular albumin into the tissues along with the infused fluid. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of intravenous fluids can be analyzed by a kinetic model adapted for fluid spaces, but slightly different results are obtained, depending on the marker used to indicate dilution of the primary fluid space. Analysis and simulation of plasma volume expansion by this model is a tool that can help the anesthetist to better plan fluid therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[The effect of acetate ringer solution, 6% hydroxyethyl starch saline and 20% mannitol solution on the serum concentration of propofol continuously infused].

Changes in serum concentrations of propofol after administration of three different fluids were investigated in 42 scheduled surgical patients. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg.kg-1 and maintained with constant rate infusion of propofol 6 mg.kg-1.hr-1. After achieving a stable depth of anesthesia, 5 ml.kg-1 of acetate Ringer's solution, 6% hydroxyethyl starch saline solution or 20% mannitol solution was infused in 15 minutes. Blood samples each 2 ml were taken before and 0, 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after fluid treatment. We measured hemoglobin and hematocrit of the samples for calculating the dilution rate of the plasma with infusion treatment, and determined the serum concentration of propofol by HPLC-spectrofluorometry. After administration of each fluid, the serum concentrations of propofol decreased significantly to 17 +/- 15, 25 +/- 10 and 35 +/- 8%, respectively (mean +/- SEM). The dilution rate of the plasma from the fractional change in blood hemoglobin increased to 0.08 +/- 0.02, 0.24 +/- 0.03, and 0.36 +/- 0.03, respectively. Administration of mannitol might markedly increase distribution volume of propofol, and this can be attributed to osmotic action of mannitol and resultant expansion of extracellular fluid volume. The results of the present investigation suggest that this pharmacokinetic change decreased the concentration of propofol more significantly in mannitol treatment patients than in Ringer's solution or 6% hydroxyethyl starch saline treatment patients.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗