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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Hemodynamics of ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery and correlation with other factors in patients with primary open angle glaucoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hemodynamics of ophthalmic artery (OA) and central retinal artery (CRA) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) and analyse the correlation between hemodynamics of OA and CRA and other factors. METHODS: The hemodynamics of OA and CRA in normal persons (102 eyes) and glaucomatous patients (102 eyes) were measured by Colour Doppler Image (CDI). The linear correlation analysis was made between OA and CRA about each of the following parameters: the peak systolic flow velocity (Vmax), the end diastolic velocity (Vmin). The multiple stepwise regression analysis was taken to investigate the correlation between each of the following hemodynamics of OA and CRA: Vmax and Vmin in 74 eyes with POAG and each of the following related factors in hemorrheology: whole blood apparent viscosity at low, medium and high shear rate, plasma viscosity and hematocrit. The multiple linear regression was applied to investigate the correlation between each of the following hemodynamics of OA and CRA: Vmax and Vmin in 69 eyes with POAG and each of the following blood vessel filling time: the arm-retinal artery (A-AT) and retinal artery-venous (A-VT) of the fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA). RESULTS: The Vmax, Vmin and time-averaged maximum velocity (Vmean) of OA and CRA in patients with POAG were lower than those in normal persons, but the resistance index (RI) of OA and CRA was higher than those in normal. There was a positive correlation between OA and CRA in Vmin, but a negative correlation between Vmin of OA and plasma viscosity. The whole blood apparent viscosity at low shear rate was clodely related to Vmax and Vmin of CRA. Also there was a negative correlation between Vmax of CRA and A-AT of the FFA. CONCLUSION: There was abnormal hemodynamics, which is influenced by blood viscosity, of OA and CRA in patients with POAG. Abnormal hemodynamics can affect the blood supply to optic disc and retina in POAG.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1999

Combined central retinal artery and central retinal vein occlusion following pars plana vitrectomy.

Combined occlusion of the central retinal artery and central retinal vein is an infrequently encountered clinical entity. Although there are reports in the literature of a combined occlusion of the central retinal artery and vein, its occurrence following pars plana vitrectomy has not been described. We report the case of an elderly patient who developed this unusual occurrence following an uneventful pars plana vitrectomy for a posteriorly dislocated IOL.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Thrombolysis of arterial retinal occlusion using urokinase].

The authors present an account on possible aimed thrombolytic treatment of occlusion of the retinal artery by urokinase. Aimed thrombolysis can be performed at ophthalmological departments with an available radiodiagnostic department, which performs angiographies of carotid arteries. The authors discuss the necessary dose of 200,000 to 300,000 i.u. of urokinase. One-hour infusion with an initial booster dose is best. Early administration of the preparation is considered most important by the authors. The authors present the case-history of a 34-year-old patient with complete occlusion of the central retinal artery with haemodynamically severe aortal stenosis with a congenital background. Urokinase was administered six hours after occlusion of the artery. Gradually reperfusion of the retina occurred and improvement of the visual acuity from 0.01 to 0.17 with a residual relative wedge-shaped loss of the visual field and paleness of the disc of the optic nerve.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Central retinal artery occlusion and retinal tolerance time.

Transient central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) was produced in 63 eyes of rhesus monkeys by lateral orbitotomy and temporary clamping of the central retinal artery (CRA) for between 15 and 270 minutes. Thirty-three eyes were examined at regular intervals for 12 to 22 weeks. Color fundus photography, fluorescein fundus angiography, electroretinography (ERG) and visual evoked response (VER) were performed before and during clamping of the CRA as well as periodically after unclamping. All the eyes were examined by light and/or electron microscopy. This study revealed that the retina suffered irreparable damage after ischemia of 105 minutes, but recovered well after ischemia of 97 minutes. As a general rule, the monkey retina can tolerate up to 100 minutes of ischemia but not more.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Visual recovery in combined central retinal artery and central retinal vein occlusion.

We observed two patients who had combined central retinal artery occlusion and central retinal vein occlusion with severely reduced visual acuity and characteristic retinal changes. Over the course of several months, visual acuity and ophthalmoscopic appearance returned to normal. Both patients had a transient visual loss before their occlusive events and a mild nonconcurrent central retinal vein occlusion in their fellow eye. There was no evidence of inflammatory, vascular, or myeloproliferative disease.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Central subretinal hemorrhage from a retinal arterial macroaneurysm--two-step treatment with laser and vitreoretinal surgery.

Central subretinal hemorrhage can be a complication of arterial retinal macroaneurysm. Subretinal bleeding may lead to mechanical and toxic damage of photoreceptors, causing persisting central scotomas. Prophylactically, we perform a two-step therapy using an argon laser and vitreoretinal surgery to achieve coagulation of the bleeding source and drainage of subretinal blood.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Preretinal arterial loops and retinal arterial occlusion.

A 19-year-old man had bilateral congenital preretinal arterial loops emerging from the optic disk into the vitreous cavity. The loop in the right eye was associated with an inferior papillary arterial occlusion. Extensive examination to determine a systemic cause of the occlusion was negative; twisting or kinking of the loop may have had a role. The major arterial blood supply in each eye was cilioretinal in origin and in the left eye, the inferior preretinal arterial loop supplied blood to both the retina and the choroid. In three previous cases and our case of preretinal arterial loops associated with branch retinal arterial occlusion, none had emboli or associated systemic factors. All involved solely arterial supply to the inferior retina. The ages of three of the four patients ranged from 19 to 22 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Retinal arterial macroaneurysms.

Retinal arterial macroaneurysm is a distinct, infrequently occurring fundus sign usually found in older patients with systemic vascular disease. The lesion arises on a main branch of the retinal artery within the first three orders of bifurcation. Visual disturbance is uncommon, although it may occur as a result of vitreous or retinal hemorrhage or macular edema. This paper presents two cases of retinal arterial macroaneurysm and discusses the diagnosis, etiology, and management of this condition.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retinal arterial macroaneurysms.

Retinal arterial macroaneurysms represent a distinct clinical entity. Macroaneurysms are seen in the elderly with a marked female predominance and a strong association with hypertension and arteriosclerotic vascular changes. The classic appearance provides an easy diagnosis; however, variable presentations, such as subretinal hemorrhage, macular exudate, and epiretinal membranes can make the diagnosis difficult. The differential diagnosis of retinal arterial macroaneurysms include retinal telangiectasia, angiomatosis retinae, venous macroaneurysms, background diabetic retinopathy, and cavernous hemangioma. The clinical characteristics of the reported cases are summarized, and our series of 60 patients is presented. The natural history of most macroaneurysms is spontaneous involution without loss of vision. However, visual loss may occur secondary to macular edema, exudate, hemorrhage and neurosensory retinal detachment, and photocoagulation may expedite visual recovery. Photocoagulation treatment may be applied directly to the macroaneurysm, indirectly by surrounding the macroaneurysm, or as a combination of these two methods.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1995

Branch retinal arterial occlusions in multifocal retinitis with optic nerve edema.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the natural history and visual prognosis of patients with branch retinal arterial occlusions secondary to multifocal retinitis. METHODS: Cases were reviewed for seven patients who exhibited multifocal retinitis and branch retinal arterial occlusion. The average age of the patients was 27 years (age range, 14 to 19 years). RESULTS: Six patients had systemic illnesses associated with their ocular findings. Four patients were scratched by a cat or exposed to a cat with fleas within 1 month of symptoms. Three of these patients were tested and had positive cat-scratch disease titers. At presentation, five patients complained of a scotoma, and two noted blurred vision. On examination, visual acuity was 20/25 or better in all but one eye. Five patients had vitritis, which was bilateral in three. Four patients exhibited optic nerve edema, which was bilateral in two. White intraretinal infiltrates were present in all patients, and were bilateral in five. The six patients who were examined within 1 week of symptoms had a white retinal infiltrate at the site of vascular occlusion. The retinal findings resolved in 2 to 6 weeks and did not recur. The final visual acuity was 20/20 OU in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Branch retinal arterial occlusions represent a complication of multifocal retinitis and idiopathic optic nerve edema. The arterial occlusions are probably caused by a focus of retinitis. This self-limited disorder has an excellent visual prognosis and may be related to cat-scratch disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Treatment of retinal arterial occlusion.

The various possibilities of treating arterial retinal occlusions are reviewed. Although thrombolysis is regarded today as the most dependable therapeutic method it has the most contraindications and carries the highest risk. There are less contraindications to anticoagulative treatment. The results are, however, not as good as with thrombolysis. The action of vasodilators is only positive if an intensive general cardiovascular treatment also take place. Attempts to influence the viscosity of blood via xanthine derivatives (also to increase glucose metabolism) appear promising as do the antithrombocyte aggregation action of acetylsalicylic acid. Low molecular dextran solutions (plasma expanders) have also been used with success although these also demand a general stabilization of the circulation.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1975

Cilio-retinal arterial circulation in central retinal vein occlusion.

The hypothesis that an occlusion of the central retinal artery is an essential prerequisite for haemorrhage formation after central retinal vein obstruction has been investigated by examining the fundus changes in patients with a cilio-retinal arterial circulation; the findings are at variance with the 'combined occlusion hypothesis'. Comparisons were made between the pathological features in two retinal capillary beds with independent sources of arterial supply--namely, the central retinal and cilio-retinal arteries--but with an obstructed venous drainage channel common to both--namely, the central retinal vein. The importance of intraluminal pressure changes (as distinct from perfusion changes) in the causation of haemorrhages and oedema after venous occlusion is stressed, and the role of arterial disease in the pathogenesis of venous occlusions is distinguished from its role in determining the sequelae of such occlusions.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Doppler ultrasonographic velocimetry of the central retinal artery and central retinal vein].

A blood flow rate in the arteria and vena centralis retinae was measured by Doppler-ultrasonographic method in a group of 36 patients of an average age of 59.35 years. The patients did not suffer any cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, diabetes mellitus-factors which influence the blood viscosity. In the arteria centralis retinae, there was measured a maximum systolic rate of 10.25 +/- 2.66 cm/s and a end diastolic rate of 5.24 +/- 1.27 cm/s. In the vena centralis retinae, there was measured an average maximum flow rate of 5.89 +/- 1.72 cm/s and end diastolic rate of 4.1 +/- 1.28 cm/s (minimum 2.12; maximum 6.2 cm/s). A procedure of examination and terms of its optimalisation are described there.

Blood Flow Velocity↗