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PubMed1989

A correlative study between hippocampal atrophy quantified by tomo-pneumoencephalography and epileptogenic focus in temporal lobe epilepsy.

It appeared certain that we can quantify the rate of hippocampal atrophy by utilizing the sagittal cuts in tomo-pneumoencephalography. This is a reliable method to infer the side of the epileptogenic focus in temporal lobe epilepsy since a close correlation was disclosed between the side with more atrophic features of the hippocampus and that of the epileptogenic focus explored by depth EEG, in particular, in the mesial temporal focus group. On the other hand, it seems to be plausible that the hippocampal atrophy could be secondarily induced by epileptic discharges in the lateral temporal group. Namely, controversies dealing with the casual relationship of hippocampal atrophy should be discussed based on the epileptogenic focus localization in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1979

DDAVP, a synthetic analogue of vasopressin, in prevention of headache after lumbar puncture and lumbar pneumoencephalography.

In a double-blind controlled trial the possible prophylactic effect of intranasally applicated DDAVP (1-desamino-8-arginine vasopressin, Minurin)--a synthetic analogue of vasopressin--is evaluated regarding the incidence of headache following lumbar puncture (LBP) in 51 patients and following pneumoencephalography (PEG) in 28 patients. DDAVP had no statistically significant effect on the incidence of headache or on the consumption of analgesics in the DDAVP-versus placebo groups (minimal relevant difference = 50%, 2 alpha = 0.05, beta = 0.50).

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cerebrospinal fluid lymphocyte subpopulations before and after pneumoencephalography.

Pneumoencephalography (PEG) did not cause significant changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocyte subpopulations. Sheep erythrocyte rosette-forming cells (E-RFC) percentage was higher in CSF before (84.0) and after (81.1) PEG than in blood (63.7). The percentage of complement receptor bearing cells was significantly higher in CSF (65.3 and 64.6) than in blood (33.1). Fcgamma receptor bearing cell levels were only slightly higher in CSF (35.6%) than in blood (31.5%), and increased after PEG to 43.9%. The high percentages of both E-RFC and complement receptor bearing cells in CSF, suggest that a considerable number of these cells bear both receptors, in contrast to blood.

Adult↗
PubMed1971

Hypokalaemia after pneumoencephalography.

The changes in plasma electrolytes and blood pH and gases following the insufflation of air into the subarachnoid space for pneumoencephalography were investigated. The only significant change observed was a rapid fall of plasma potassium most evident at 60 minutes. A concomitant reduction of the urinary Na/K ratio supports the possibility that the change observed may be due to the stimulation of aldosterone secretion caused by this procedure, though its rapid occurrence and reversibility indicate that other influences might at least in part be responsible.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1974

Partial pneumoencephalography in following-up pituitary tumours.

The `limited' pneumoencephalogram has been used with excellent success at UCLA for the continuing follow-up of pituitary tumours. It is most useful in following nonsecretory adenomas since tumour regrowth can occur in the absence of clinical signs and symptoms. Total serial pneumoencephalography has not been accepted previously for follow-up of pituitary tumours since there is a significant morbidity. The `limited' pneumoencephalogram of the diseased area drastically reduces the morbidity of the procedure so that the patients are willing to undergo serial studies on an outpatient basis.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗
PubMed1974

Use of cerebrospinal fluid drawn at pneumoencephalography in the study of monoamine metabolism in man.

Concentrations of homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were significantly higher in CSF obtained after injection of air during pneumoencephalography (PEG) than in lumbar CSF, as drawn before the injection. There was a high correlation between levels in the `mixed' and lumbar samples of CSF in the case of each of the two acids. The concentration of lumbar HVA, but not that of 5-HIAA, was negatively correlated with CSF pressure. 5-HIAA levels were low in both samples of CSF in a group of epileptics, by comparison with controls. In two patients with Kufs disease and in one with Niemann-Pick disease, the concentration of HVA was very low in the lumbar sample. The application of a standardized PEG technique in the study of monoamine metabolism in man is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Intraocular haemorrhage as a complication of pneumoencephalography.

The ocular fundi of 20 patients were examined before and after pneumoencephalography. In four of these, fresh venous retinal haemorrhages were seen, and a further patient had developed an exudate. Possible reasons for a rise in retinal venous pressure include bodily inverting the patient, compression of the thorax, the use of positive pressure respiration, and the air injection itself. It may be advisable to take steps to limit the effects of such possible causative factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Effects of general anaesthesia on size of cerebrospinal fluid spaces during and after pneumoencephalography.

The mode of anaesthesia used during pneumoencephalography has a significant effect on the size of the cerebral ventricles 24 hours after the procedure. Post-encephalographic ventricular enlargement is less marked in patients examined under nitrous oxide anaesthesia. This appears to be related to passage of the gas into the ventricles during the encephalogram, and subsequent diffusion outwards. Variations in arterial carbon dioxide tension during the anaesthesia do not contribute significantly to changes in ventricular size. However, both hyperventilation and inhalation of nitrous oxide may cause apparent increase in size of the cerebral sulci.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1981

Gliomas of the intracranial anterior optic pathways in children. The role of computed tomography, angiography, pneumoencephalography, and radionuclide brain scanning.

Twenty-two gliomas of the anterior optic pathways in children were reviewed, and the relative merits of computed tomography (CT), pneumoencephalography (PEG), angiography, and radionuclide brain scanning were assessed. Contrast-enhanced CT scans proved to be superior in demonstrating the full extracranial extent of the lesions and spread along the optic pathways; however, PEG was more reliable with small chiasmatic lesions. Angiography rarely provided a specific diagnosis of intracranial optic glioma, but in was diagnostic when the intracanalicular or intraorbital portion of the optic nerve was involved. A protocol for neuroradiological investigation of suspected cases is proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Dandy-Walker syndrome studied by computed tomography and pneumoencephalography.

Based on air studies, some authors have disputed the ability of computed tomography (CT) to diagnose posterior fossa cysts. The authors correlated the pneumoencephalographic, CT, and pathological findings in 4 patients with classic Dandy-Walker syndrome. Three cases had been misdiagnosed as retrocerebellar arachnoid cysts because the fourth ventricle was incorrectly considered normal on brow-up or erect air studies, reflecting the inability of such studies to evaluate an agenetic vermis and deficient posterior medullary velum which are characteristic of Dandy-Walker malformation. Careful correlation with autopsy findings showed that even with complete agenesis of the inferior vermis, if the slit between the cerebellar hemispheres is narrow, the fourth ventricle could be misinterpreted as normal on pneumoencephalography and sagittal CT. Radionuclide studies, a small amount of air, or metrizamide may be needed to determine whether the cyst communicates with the subarachnoid space.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Progressive supranuclear palsy: pneumoencephalography, electronystagmography and treatment with methysergide.

15 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are presented with discussion of the value of pneumoencephalography (PEG) and electronystagmography (ENG) in confirming the diagnosis. PEG was performed in 6 patients, and revealed atrophy in the area of the pons and colliculi. ENG, which also was performed in 6 patients, 4 of whom had PEG, confirmed the defects in extraocular movement. Methysergide, which has been suggested as therapy for PSP, was utilized in 6 patients with no evidence of significant improvement.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Lateral decubitus pneumoencephalography-angiography for localizing atrial and paraatrial vascular lesions.

In two cases where computed tomography (CT) and cerebral angiography failed to determine whether an arteriovenous malformation was within or directly adjacent to the atrium of a lateral ventricle, lateral decubitus pneumoencephalography combined with cerebral angiography successfully localized the lesions. This procedure may be necessary in the workup of angiographically vascular lesions in the atrial-paraatrial region if on CT the ventricular surface is poorly defined or surgical clips from a previous operation obscure the lesion or the adjacent ventricle. Interpretation of this study involves triangulation of the vascular lesions relative to the ventricle or observation of the movement of the lesion relative to the movement of the ventricle on differently angulated frontal projections. Since the surgical approach is influenced by the radiographic differentiation of an intraventricular from a paraventricular mass, this procedure is crucial in evaluating these vascular abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of tiapride on the side effects of cerebrospinal fluid depletions in spinal puncture, pneumoencephalography and air myelography].

The authors report their experience of the treatment post-cerebrospinal fluid loss syndrom, following subtraction by lumbar puncture, pneumoencephalography and air myelography. The study of 70 patients, divided in two equal groups, one receiving classic therapy, one receiving tiapride, a new molecule of original conception, lead to emphasize the interest of this drug. Tolerance in general is good, despite the administration of high doses and effects on the syndrom are positive and remarkable in preventive and curative treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The Takaoka respiratory for use during pneumoencephalography.

The Takaoka respiratory was used during lumbar pneumoencephalography in 12 patients in a rotatory chair of X-ray apparatus. Anaesthesia and ventilation were maintained with oxygen or 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen supplemented by neuroleptanalgesia. The mean minute volume of ventilation was 84.5+/- 5.4 ml/min/kg and the mean respiratory rate was 8.5 +/- 1.7 breaths/min. Under these ventilatory conditions the blood gas data were acceptable (PaCO2: 35.0 +/- 4.3 torr). The Takaoka respirator can be fixed to the rotatory chair with no risk of accidental disconnection and there is no disturbance of the general monitoring or of the manipulations of the X-ray technicians. I provides adequate ventilation independent of position.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Pneumoencephalography in the first year from the onset of epileptic seizures].

Pneumoencephalography was performed in 88 patients within the first year since their first epileptic seizure (of these, 53 were studied during the first 6 months). The control group comprised 31 patients with 12 to 30 months history of the seizures. Pronounced changes in the subarachnoidal space in 30 patients were found to be related to clinical signs and the disease history more closely than did the ventricular system pathology. The latter was generally considered to be a result of past ailments, not reflecting the course of the early stages of epileptic process. The pronounced subarachnoidal pathology proved to be an unfavorable prognostic sign. More close relation of the establishing epileptic process with the subarachnoidal changes could possibly confirm the cortical localization of the primary epileptic foci.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Pneumoencephalography in multiple sclerosis].

Pneumoencephalography was performed in 35 patients with a significant diagnosis of disseminated sclerosis. Enlargement of the III ventricle was revealed in 21 patients (60%), dropsy of lateral ventricles in 16 (45,6%) and that of the IV ventricle in 13 (37,2%), atrophy of brain stem in 9 (25,4%), block of the subarachnoidal space in 11 patients (31,4%). The most pronounced brain changes were seen in patients with a cerebellar form of disseminated sclerosis and in those having severe motor disturbances, ataxia and tremor. The degree of hydrocephalus did not depend on the disease duration. A possible pathogenetic role of dropsy in disseminated sclerosis is discussed. Hydrocephalus may be considered as an additional clinicoroentgenological feature of disseminated sclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acid-base equilibrium and blood and cerebrospinal fluid oxygenation during angiography and pneumoencephalography].

Acid-base equilibrium changes were analyzed in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by gasometric methods in 86 patients during cerebral angiography and 26 during pneumoencephalography. The observed changes of the parameters of this equilibrium indicate the usefulness of this analysis before diagnostic procedures for avoiding complications developing in patients with disturbances or acid-base equilibrium.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗