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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Pediatric pneumoencephalography with nitrous oxide.

The recent advances in neurodiagnostic procedures have changed pneumoencephalography. Now we must find the smallest lesions and demonstrate accurately their relationships to the ventricular system cisterns and surrounding structures. Complex blurring motion tomography gives this detail, but the pediatric patients are difficult to examine and immobilization during the long exposure needed for tomography frequently compromises the airway. Hypoventilation from sedation and from the radiographic positioning may lead to increased intracranial pressure. By performing pediatric pneumoencephalography under general anesthesia, with nitrous oxide as both an anesthetic agent and as the contrast material, we are able to control patient motion, preserve the child's airway, and prevent hypoventilation. The nitrous oxide, rapidly diffusible, is a good contrast agent, as large volumes can be used and the gas leaves the ventricular system quickly after the discontinuation of the anesthetic. This rapid reabsorption and elimination of the subarachnoid gas may decrease pneumoencephalographic morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Cerebral blood volume alterations during fractional pneumoencephalography.

Simultaneous and continuous measurements of the cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood pressure were carried out in six patients during fractional pneumoencephalography in order to examine intracranial volumetric interactions. Three patients (Group A) showed normal encephalographic findings, and in three patients (Group B) communicating hydrocephalus with convexity block was found encephalographically. In all patients the injection of air was followed by an immediate increase of CSF pressure and blood pressure and a concomitant decrease of CBV. The initial CSF pressure was invariably re-established within 3 to 3.5 min. During this time interval the CBV of the patients of Group B decreased significantly and 30 percent more than that of Group A. Furthermore, after restoration of the original CSF pressure, CBV returned to its initial level in all patients of Group A, whereas it remained unchanged or showed a further decrease in the patients of Group B. Removal of an amount of CSF corresponding to half of the amount of injected air was followed by a significant reactive hyperemic response in two normal patients. The intracranial volumetric alterations during fractional pneumoencephalography are discussed in detail with respect to the underlying physiologic mechanisms and are suggested as a model for acute and low pressure hydrocephalus.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Unreliability of combined pneumoencephalography and scinticisternography.

Evidence is presented that the radiopharmaceutical flow in cerebrospinal fluid may be significantly altered by pneumoencephalography. When both pneumoencephalography and scinticisternography are required in the same patient, the studies should be performed separately rather than as a combined procedure.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ketamine used for anaesthesia in children for pneumoencephalography.

Ketamine was given together with premedication (droperidol + pethidine + atropine) for general anaesthesia in 36 children during pneumoencephalography. Most children (26) had epilepsy. No significant cardiovascular and respiratory disturbances were observed during and after anaesthesia. This proposed method of anaesthesia in children is sufficient for short-lasting diagnostic procedures, particularly for pneumoencephalography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Hazards and complications of pneumoencephalography in children].

In a series of 1334 consecutive pneumoencephalographies in children 0-15 years, there were 2 deaths, 3 severe apneas and 1 pneumomediastinum. Respiratory insufficiency, due to contention of the patient with resulting impairment of the motion of thoracic muscles was an important mechanism and pneumoencephalography is contra-indicated in children with respiratory difficulties prior to the examination. In 90 consecutive patients submitted to pneymoencephalography CSF changes and fundus oculi abnormalities were studied prospectively. Aseptic meningitis of a mild degree is common following the examination, whereas significant meningeal haemorrhage is rare. Haemorrhages in the fundi were noted in 10% of the patients. The general tolerance of the examination was good.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of the measurements of the cerebral ventricles obtained by CT scanning and pneumoencephalography.

This study was undertaken to compare the accuracy of measurements of the venticular system obtained by the CT scanner and pneumoencephalography (PEG). In it the ventricular system was evaluated in each case by measuring the span of the frontal horns, cellae mediae and third ventricle in relation to the diameter of the inner and outer tables of the skull from the PEG films. The indices of Evans, Schiersmann, and Schaltenbrand and Nürnberger were applied to these measurements. The same indices were obtained using the appropriate CT printouts. A very good measure of agreement was obtained with the indices arrived at from both the CT scan printouts and the pneumoencephalograms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Constancy of convexity air block on pneumoencephalography.

Twenty-two patients with dementia were examined by pneumoencephalography using special technic with the aim of filling the subarachnoid convexity space. Seven had no obvious hydrocephalus. All patients had convexity blocks which were more or less extensive. Ten had bilateral air block in the frontal, parietal and occipital regions. It was concluded that convexity air block is not a technical artifact and consequently seems to have an organic background.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Acquired hydrocephalus. II. Diagnostic and prognostic value of quantitative isotope ventriculography (QIV), lumbar isotope cisternography (LIC), pneumoencephalography, and continuous intraventricular pressure recording (CIP).

The diagnostic and prognostic values of quantitative isotope ventriculography (QIV), lumbar isotope cisternography (LIC), pneumoencephalography (PEG), and continuous intraventricular pressure recording (CIP) were assessed on the basis of the clinical course in 160 patients suspected of having acquired hydrocephalus. The diagnostic value of a given method is defined as its reliability in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus. The reliability in the selection of hydrocephalic patients who will improve on shunt operation is designated as the prognostic value of the method concerned. As the diagnoses are based on isotopic procedures, the diagnostic values of these procedures cannot be assessed. QIV is of greater prognostic value than the other methods of examination. The presence of plateau waves in CIP is a rare, but prognostically valuable sign. The prognostic value of B waves is also good, whereas their diagnostic value is slight. Both from diagnostic and prognostic points of view, PEG is of less value is communicating hydrocephalus on account of the many false findings.

Cerebral Ventricles↗
PubMed1978

Cardiac arrhythmia induced by pneumoencephalography.

Cardiovascular collapse associated with pneumoencephalography (PNE) has been reported but there has been no prospective study of its nature and cause. We have recorded prospectively the e.c.g. of 82 unselected patients, with no cardiovascular or metabolic disease, undergoing PNE under general anaesthesia. The frequency of arrhythmia following air injection was 60%; bradycardia 22%; ventricular ectopic beats 26%; nodal rhythm or sinus tachycardia 11%. Cardiovascular collapse occurred in three patients; two with "torsades de pointes" and one with bigeminy and q.r.s. block. Arrhythmia was more frequent in patients with a pituitary tumour and intracranial hypertension (91%). Eight postoperative control PNE examinations were uneventful. Three of four patients with frontal lobe tumours and four of seven with posterior fossa tumours exhibited arrhythmia.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Cardio-respiratory changes during pneumoencephalography.

Carbon-respiratory changes associated with changes in posture and injection of intrathecal oxygen were studied in fifeen patients undergoing pneumoencephalography in a Phillips isocentric chair, while breathing spontaneously and anaesthetised with halothane in oxygen. Haemodynamic changes associated with changes in posture were of a minor nature. A rise in PaCO2 occurred in the prone position in two obese patients. There were significant rises in blood pressure following injection of more than 5 ml of oxygen as a bolus into the subarachnoid space.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

DDAVP, a synthetic analogue of vasopressin, in prevention of headache after lumbar puncture and lumbar pneumoencephalography.

In a double-blind controlled trial the possible prophylactic effect of intranasally applicated DDAVP (1-desamino-8-arginine vasopressin, Minurin)--a synthetic analogue of vasopressin--is evaluated regarding the incidence of headache following lumbar puncture (LBP) in 51 patients and following pneumoencephalography (PEG) in 28 patients. DDAVP had no statistically significant effect on the incidence of headache or on the consumption of analgesics in the DDAVP-versus placebo groups (minimal relevant difference = 50%, 2 alpha = 0.05, beta = 0.50).

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Intraocular haemorrhage as a complication of pneumoencephalography.

The ocular fundi of 20 patients were examined before and after pneumoencephalography. In four of these, fresh venous retinal haemorrhages were seen, and a further patient had developed an exudate. Possible reasons for a rise in retinal venous pressure include bodily inverting the patient, compression of the thorax, the use of positive pressure respiration, and the air injection itself. It may be advisable to take steps to limit the effects of such possible causative factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Effects of general anaesthesia on size of cerebrospinal fluid spaces during and after pneumoencephalography.

The mode of anaesthesia used during pneumoencephalography has a significant effect on the size of the cerebral ventricles 24 hours after the procedure. Post-encephalographic ventricular enlargement is less marked in patients examined under nitrous oxide anaesthesia. This appears to be related to passage of the gas into the ventricles during the encephalogram, and subsequent diffusion outwards. Variations in arterial carbon dioxide tension during the anaesthesia do not contribute significantly to changes in ventricular size. However, both hyperventilation and inhalation of nitrous oxide may cause apparent increase in size of the cerebral sulci.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1979

Lateral decubitus pneumoencephalography-angiography for localizing atrial and paraatrial vascular lesions.

In two cases where computed tomography (CT) and cerebral angiography failed to determine whether an arteriovenous malformation was within or directly adjacent to the atrium of a lateral ventricle, lateral decubitus pneumoencephalography combined with cerebral angiography successfully localized the lesions. This procedure may be necessary in the workup of angiographically vascular lesions in the atrial-paraatrial region if on CT the ventricular surface is poorly defined or surgical clips from a previous operation obscure the lesion or the adjacent ventricle. Interpretation of this study involves triangulation of the vascular lesions relative to the ventricle or observation of the movement of the lesion relative to the movement of the ventricle on differently angulated frontal projections. Since the surgical approach is influenced by the radiographic differentiation of an intraventricular from a paraventricular mass, this procedure is crucial in evaluating these vascular abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of tiapride on the side effects of cerebrospinal fluid depletions in spinal puncture, pneumoencephalography and air myelography].

The authors report their experience of the treatment post-cerebrospinal fluid loss syndrom, following subtraction by lumbar puncture, pneumoencephalography and air myelography. The study of 70 patients, divided in two equal groups, one receiving classic therapy, one receiving tiapride, a new molecule of original conception, lead to emphasize the interest of this drug. Tolerance in general is good, despite the administration of high doses and effects on the syndrom are positive and remarkable in preventive and curative treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The Takaoka respiratory for use during pneumoencephalography.

The Takaoka respiratory was used during lumbar pneumoencephalography in 12 patients in a rotatory chair of X-ray apparatus. Anaesthesia and ventilation were maintained with oxygen or 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen supplemented by neuroleptanalgesia. The mean minute volume of ventilation was 84.5+/- 5.4 ml/min/kg and the mean respiratory rate was 8.5 +/- 1.7 breaths/min. Under these ventilatory conditions the blood gas data were acceptable (PaCO2: 35.0 +/- 4.3 torr). The Takaoka respirator can be fixed to the rotatory chair with no risk of accidental disconnection and there is no disturbance of the general monitoring or of the manipulations of the X-ray technicians. I provides adequate ventilation independent of position.

Adult↗