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PubMed1997

Morphometric separation of females of Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) duboscqi and P. (P.) bergeroti (Diptera:Psychodidae).

Morphometric evaluation of 27 characters of allopatric females of the closely related species, Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu-Lemaire and P. bergeroti Parrot, was made in Ethiopia with the aim of finding reliable means to distinguish sympatric specimens. By applying stepwise discriminant analysis, 100% correct classification was obtained using 8 characters. However, 2 of these characters, C3 and C4 (respective distances from sockets of the longest ascoids on segment 3 and 4 to distal margin of the segment) with the highest discriminant loadings, separated these 2 species with a success rate of 98%. It is recommended that these 2 characters be used in the routine identification of these species.

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PubMed1999

Morphological and isoenzymatic differentiation of sympatric populations of Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus longicuspis (Diptera: Psychodidae) in northern Morocco.

The phlebotomine sandfly Phlebotomus perniciosus Newstead is a vector of Leishmania infantum Nicolle in the western Mediterranean basin. In northern Morocco it is often caught in sympatry with a closely related species, P. longicuspis Nitzulescu. In the locality of Chefchaouene where females of both species were morphologically distinguishable, none of the collected males exhibited forked copulatory valves, which is considered a specific character for P. perniciosus. They 1st were identified as P. longicuspis. Isoelectrofocusing of 7 enzyme systems was used to compare these specimens with the sympatric females. Two groups of males were separated and assigned to each species by their isoenzyme patterns associated with morphological differences in the shape of the aedeagus and in the number of coxite hairs. Based on our results, a reexamination of the distribution of both species is necessary especially in many locations where P. longicuspis has been identified only from males.

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PubMed2000

Electrophoretic and morphological differentiation between two sympatric species of Adlerius: Phlebotomus brevis and Phlebotomus simici (Diptera: Psychodidae).

Phlebotomus simici Theodor and P. brevis Artemiev & Dergacheva are closely related species in the subgenus Adlerius that only may be identified by the male terminalia. Females only may be differentiated by collecting them in copula. Because females of P. simici may be involved in Leishmania transmission, their identity should be verified. Our study separated individual from 2 sympatric populations in Lebanon by means of agarose enzyme electrophoresis. Differential patterns were found at the PGM and HK loci. Results were confirmed by morphological reexamination of female spermathecae and pharyngeal armature.

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PubMed1991

Demonstration of hybridization between Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) and Phlebotomus bergeroti Parrot.

To determine the genetic similarity between Phlebotomus bergeroti and P. papatasi, and to explain the infrequent sympatry of these two species, cross-mating experiments were conducted. Female P. bergeroti interbred with male P. papatasi to produce hybrid offspring. The reciprocal cross, female P. papatasi X male P. bergeroti, failed to produce viable eggs and offspring. The morphology and behavior of the hybrids was intermediate between the two parent species.

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PubMed1991

[Comparison between Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu-Lemaire, 1906, and Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786): morphological and isoenzymatic studies].

Phlebotomus duboscqi et P.papatasi are morphologically closely related. Both species can be vectors of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Old World. In some African areas these two species are sympatric. Until now the females of the two species could not be differentiated. The authors investigated morphological characters and isoenzymatic characterization. Constant differences were observed. Moreover three interbreeding attempts were unsuccessful. These two species seemed to be considered as genuine species.

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PubMed1991

Studies on mating plug of two sandfly species, Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae).

A study was undertaken to interpret the nature and function of the "plug like formation" observed inside the spermathecae of many phlebotomine sandflies dissected during field surveys. Trials were carried out on two laboratory reared species, Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. papatasi. The results showed that the "plug like formation" is a true mating plug (MP) containing immotile sperms. Our studies showed also that the MP evolves differently according to the physiological state of the mated female. In blood-fed females, it persists 22-25 hrs post mating. Follows a period of 3-4 days in which the spermathecae acquire different form from that of the virgin spermathecae, but sperms are still undistinguishable. Active sperms appear only a few hours before oviposition. After oviposition, however, spermathecae are void as in the virgin female. Thus, during the complete gonotrophic cycle the spermathecae display five different forms: a) normal and void; b) showing MP; c) distended and yellowish, MP absent; d) active sperms present; e) normal and void. In unfed females, MP was observed to last for 6 days post copula. The results show also that MP is interfering with reinsemination.

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PubMed1986

Leishmaniasis in Sardinia. I. Observations on a larval breeding site of Phlebotomus perniciosus, Phlebotomus perfiliewi perfiliewi and Sergentomyia minuta (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the canine leishmaniasis focus of Soleminis (Cagliari).

During the summer-autumn period of 1983 and 1984, 1408 specimens of Phlebotomus perniciosus, 74 of P. perfiliewi perfiliewi and 35 of Sergentomyia minuta were caught in emergence traps in a locality close to the village of Soleminis, a canine leishmaniasis focus 15 km from Cagliari, Sardinia. All the flies were collected from a breeding site inside an abandoned cement building. Male flies were highly predominant for all three species. A few larvae of P. perniciosus were also collected from the same site. This is the first finding of an abundant larval breeding site of P. perniciosus.

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PubMed1984

[A new Phlebotomus for Spain. Phlebotomus (Adlerius) mascittii Grassi, 1908].

The authors have made the first discovery of Phlebotomus mascittii in Spain. The species was caught in Catalonia in the provinces of Gerona and Barcelona. Altogether 7 individual sandflies (4 male, 3 female) were collected (using oiled paper traps) in four separate sub-mediterranean sites (between 650 and 780 m).

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PubMed1998

[The taxonomic status of Phlebotomus sergenti Parrot, 1917, vector of Leishmania tropica (Wright, 1903) and Phlebotomus similis Perfiliev, 1963 (Diptera - Psychodidae). Morphologic and morphometric approaches. Biogeographical and epidemiological corollaries].

A morphological and morphometrical study of the closely related taxa Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) sergenti et P. (Paraphlebotomus) similis confirms their specific taxonomic status. Differential characters between these two species are discussed. Males differ by the aspect of the basal process of the coxite which is curved and narrow in the first species whereas straight and thick for the latter. The P. similis process is bigger and tuffer and its style is longer than those of P. sergenti. Females differ by the morphology of the armature of the pharynx and by the number of rings of the spermatheca. Distribution areas of these species are described. P. similis is a North-Eastern Mediterranean species (from Yugoslavia to western Turkey and Azerbaïdjan). P. sergenti is present from Canary Islands (Spain) to India. From these data, the settlement of Paraphlebotomus in the Mediterranean basin may have occurred during the Miocene age. From an Asiatic common ancestor, two migration routes are proposed. One, north of the Paratethys Sea, may be responsible for the isolation of P. similis. The other, south of the Paratethys and Tethys Seas, may have contributed to the individualisation of P. sergenti. The authors consider P. similis as a suspected vector of Leishmania tropica.

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