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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Presence of Phlebotomus bergeroti, Phlebotomus chabaudi, Phlebotomus chadlii and Sergentomyia christophersi in Morocco].

The authors indicate the presence at Morocco of the four following sandflies: Phlebotomus bergeroti Parrot, 1934, Phlebotomus chabaudi Croset, Abonnenc et Rioux, 1970, Phlebotomus chadlii Rioux, Juminer et Gibily, 1966 and Sergentomyia christophersi (Sinton, 1927). Among them, Phlebotomus bergeroti, an element of eremitic affinity, is found at the north of the Atlas under a sub-humide bioclimat.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Enzyme electrophoresis as an alternative method for separating the sympatric Leishmania vectors Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus langeroni (Diptera: Psychodidae).

Trials were conducted to determine the accuracy of separating the sympatric sand fly species Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) and P. langeroni Nitzulescu by means of cellulose acetate enzyme electrophoresis. Malic enzyme, phosphoglucomutase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and fumarate hydratase were each evaluated in laboratory-reared and field-collected populations of the two species. Each of the four enzyme-based identifications was highly sensitive (greater than 97%) and specific (greater than 93%). Identifications based upon fumarate hydratase were in perfect agreement with morphological identifications, and evidence was obtained which indicates that this enzyme may be the most stable of the four enzymes tested. The application of enzyme-based vector identification is discussed in relation to classical and novel survey procedures for Leishmania promastigote detection in sand flies.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Demonstration of hybridization between Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) and Phlebotomus bergeroti Parrot.

To determine the genetic similarity between Phlebotomus bergeroti and P. papatasi, and to explain the infrequent sympatry of these two species, cross-mating experiments were conducted. Female P. bergeroti interbred with male P. papatasi to produce hybrid offspring. The reciprocal cross, female P. papatasi X male P. bergeroti, failed to produce viable eggs and offspring. The morphology and behavior of the hybrids was intermediate between the two parent species.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Comparison between Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu-Lemaire, 1906, and Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786): morphological and isoenzymatic studies].

Phlebotomus duboscqi et P.papatasi are morphologically closely related. Both species can be vectors of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Old World. In some African areas these two species are sympatric. Until now the females of the two species could not be differentiated. The authors investigated morphological characters and isoenzymatic characterization. Constant differences were observed. Moreover three interbreeding attempts were unsuccessful. These two species seemed to be considered as genuine species.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Studies on mating plug of two sandfly species, Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae).

A study was undertaken to interpret the nature and function of the "plug like formation" observed inside the spermathecae of many phlebotomine sandflies dissected during field surveys. Trials were carried out on two laboratory reared species, Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. papatasi. The results showed that the "plug like formation" is a true mating plug (MP) containing immotile sperms. Our studies showed also that the MP evolves differently according to the physiological state of the mated female. In blood-fed females, it persists 22-25 hrs post mating. Follows a period of 3-4 days in which the spermathecae acquire different form from that of the virgin spermathecae, but sperms are still undistinguishable. Active sperms appear only a few hours before oviposition. After oviposition, however, spermathecae are void as in the virgin female. Thus, during the complete gonotrophic cycle the spermathecae display five different forms: a) normal and void; b) showing MP; c) distended and yellowish, MP absent; d) active sperms present; e) normal and void. In unfed females, MP was observed to last for 6 days post copula. The results show also that MP is interfering with reinsemination.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Absence of outer caudal setae on all larval instars of Phlebotomus tobbi from the Ionian Greek islands.

Larval instars 2, 3 and 4 of Phlebotomus tobbi Adler, Theodor & Lourie from the Greek islands of Corfu and Zakynthos were found to have two caudal setae instead of the four usually present on these instars of Phlebotomus larvae. In a scanning electron microscope comparison with larvae of P. papatasi (Scopoli), a sensillum was seen in place of each outer seta of P. tobbi larvae, suggesting secondary loss of the setae. As the larvae of less than a tenth of the species and subspecies of the genus Phlebotomus have been seen and described, it cannot be assumed that those of P. tobbi are unique in having only two caudal setae. However, four caudal setae in late instars can no longer be considered as a constant character of the genus Phlebotomus. Observations on the larvae of P. tobbi also raise the question of the unknown function of the caudal setae.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A new morphological character to distinguish Sergentomyia and Phlebotomus.

Although the genera Sergentomyia, Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia are widely accepted, there is no character state which distinguishes them. Many Sergentomyia spp. have erect abdominal tergal setae normally characteristic of Phlebotomus; some Sergentomyia spp. lack cibarial armature "characteristic" of the genus, while some Phlebotomus spp. show this armature. Lutzomyia is "defined" by thoracic pleural setae and a cibarial bulge, both of which states occur on Old World forms. Lutzomyia may be defined geographically, but the use of geographical distribution in taxonomy leads to circular biogeographical arguments, and is invalid. The microtrichia of abdominal tergite six and sometimes four and five of the males of ten species of Sergentomyia (Subgenera Grassomyia, Sintonius, Sergentomyia and Parrotomyia) were found to be dimorphic. Those of 16 species of Phlebotomus, Chinius and Lutzomyia were monomorphic. In the subgenus: Parvidens, S. lesleyae males had dimorphic microtrichia on tergites five and six while those of S. heischi were monomorphic. Two other characters of tergal chaetotaxy, of probable taxonomic potential, are also described.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1975

Antigenic relationships among phlebotomus fever group arboviruses and their implication for the epidemiology of sandfly fever.

The antigenic relationships of 21 known or presumed Phlebotomus fever group serotypes and of 2 ungrouped, solvent sensitive, sandfly-associated arboviruses (Pacui and Charleville) were studied by complement fixation, plaque neutralization, and hemagglutination-inhibition methods. Results of complement fixation and neutralization tests were specific, allowing clear separation of the various serotypes, while those of the hemagglutination-inhibition test showed broader crossing and lack of specificity. Pacui virus was shown to be a member of the Phlebotomus fever serogroup. Six new Phlebotomus fever group serotypes are also described, increasing the known members of the group to 22. The implications of these and other recent data about the epidemiology of sandfly fever are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Natural foci of viruses borne by Phlebotomus papatasi in the USSR according to a serologic study of the population].

Seven hundred sixteen blood serum specimens from residents of presumable foci of phlebotomus fevers in Turkmenia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, and Moldavia were examined by the neutralization, complement fixation, hemagglutionation-inhibition and indirect immunofluorescence tests for the presence of antibody to viruses of the group of phlebotomus fevers (Sicilyan, Neapolitan, and Karimabad) and to rhabdovirus isfahan transmitted by phlebotomus papatasi. For the first time, antibody to Karimabad and Isfahan viruses were found in residents of the Central Asian republics. Antibody to Sicilyan and Neapolitan fevers were found in residents of all the republics examined. Data have been obtained indicating probable pathogenicity of Isfahan virus for man.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1990

Distribution of Phlebotomus species in the Nile Delta, Egypt.

The importance of sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus being in the fact that some species are the vectors of leishmaniasis and other pathogenic organisms such as virus of sandfly fever. In Egypt, cutaneous leishmaniasis and sandfly fever are known and recently visceral leishmaniasis has been identified in Alexandria. Consequently, there is a need to study the geographical distribution of Phlebotomus species and to present an illustrative key for their identification. In the present study, four species of Phlebotomus were reported; P. papatasi, P. sergenti, P. langeroni and P. bergeroti. While P. papatasi is a known vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, P. langeroni is an incriminated vector for infantile visceral leishmaniasis, P. papatasi is the predominant species in the Nile Delta, but P. langeroni is found in West Alexandria and as a very rare species at the Libyan Egyptian borders. The whole results were discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Leishmania infantum MON-98 isolated from naturally infected Phlebotomus langeroni (Diptera: Psychodidae) in El Agamy, Egypt.

Leishmania infantum zymodeme MON-98 was isolated in El Agamy, Egypt. A total of 15 (1.07%) Leishmania-like infections in the anterior midgut and in the head was found in 1,405 Phlebotomus langeroni (Nitzulescu); none of 1,785 Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) was found infected. Four of the 15 cultures (26.7%) were indistinguishable from a reference L. infantum MON-98 strain using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The isolation and identification of L. infantum MON-98 from naturally infected P. langeroni confirms that this species of sand fly is the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in El Agamy.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Ootaxonomy and eggshell ultrastructure of Phlebotomus sandflies.

The eggshell structure of four sandfly species: Phlebotomus perniciosus Newstead, P.perfiliewi Parrot, P.papatasi Scopoli and P.duboscqi Neveu-Lemaire, was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). At the TEM level, the eggshell appears to have a homogeneous vitelline envelope and a thick chorion. At SEM level, the eggshell of all species is characterized by the outer chorion forming a series of fifteen to twenty longitudinal sinuous ridges, cross-linked in places to form a pattern of polygons, each line of the chorion consisting of columns arranged in a palisade. The aeropyle region of the egg is described for the first time in phlebotomine sandflies. Specific characters of the eggshell topography are described for distinguishing between these and other species of Phlebotomus.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Clinical and serologic responses of volunteers infected with phlebotomus fever virus (Sicilian type).

Twenty volunteers were inoculated with various doses of human serum containing Phlebotomus fever virus (Sicilian type) to determine their clinical and serologic responses as well as the human infectious dose50 of the virus. All infected subjects developed fever which varied in duration from 6 to 74 hours. The most common symptoms during sandfly fever were headache, anorexia, myalgia, photophobia, low back and retro-orbital pain. Infected individuals developed a marked leukopenia characterized by an initial lymphopenia followed by protracted neutropenia. Little complement fixing antibody was detected in convalescent sera but most subjects developed significant rises in hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies. All infected subjects developed specific neutralizing antibodies with titers ranging from 1:40 to 1:2,560. Of the three serologic tests performed, the plaque reduction neutralization method appears to be the most sensitive test for detecting antibodies to Phlebotomus fever viruses.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Studies on the epidemiology of sandfly fever in Iran. II. The prevalence of human and animal infection with five phlebotomus fever virus serotypes in Isfahan province.

Human and animal sera from an endemic area of sandfly fever in Iran were tested by plaque reduction neutralization method against five different Phlebotomus fever virus serotypes (Naples, Sicilian, Karimabad, Salehabad, and I-47). The overall prevalence of Naples, Sicilian, and Karimabad virus antibodies among the human population was 17%, 25%, and 66%, respectively. All sera were negative against Salehabad and I-47 viruses. Age-specific antibody rates suggested that Sicilian and Karimabad viruses were endemic in the study area but that Naples virus activity was sporadic. These observations were confirmed by isolations of Sicilian and Karimabad viruses from sandflies collected in the study area. Among the animal sera tested, evidence of Phlebotomus fever virus infection was detected only in gerbils. Of 38 Rhombomys opimus tested, 34% had neutralizing antibodies against Sicilian virus and 32% against Karimabad. These results indicate that gerbils are infected with these two viruses and possibly might serve as reservoirs or amplifying hosts. The serologic studies also suggest that the ecology of Sicilian and Karimabad viruses involves chiefly sandflies, gerbils, and man, an epidemiologic pattern previously demonstrated for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the same region of Iran.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Refractory barriers in the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) to infection with Leishmania panamensis.

The life cycle of Leishmania panamensis in Phlebotomus papatasi was studied to characterize barriers limiting parasite colonization, differentiation, migration, and attachment in an unnatural sand fly host. The insects were fed a suspension of L. panamensis-infected macrophages and human erythrocytes, and were examined up to 16 days post-infection by light and electron microscopy. Histologic examination of 401 flies showed the peritrophic membrane to be the first important barrier to parasite establishment in the gut lumen. In most flies, parasites were unable to escape from the closed peritrophic sac, which was either excreted or retained intact in the midgut. After five days, only 31% of the flies were infected; attached parasites colonized the pylorus-ileum and/or colon regions of the hindgut. Anterior migration into the cardia region of the midgut occurred in less than 1% of infected flies; no parasites colonized the foregut. In the bloodmeal and residual bloodmeal, five morphologic forms developed from ingested amastigotes: stumpy, spatulate, elongate, short nectomonad promastigotes, and paramastigotes. Abnormal retention of amastigotes in macrophages and delayed development of promastigote stages was observed. The primary form attached in the hindgut was a pear-shaped haptomonad promastigote. Differentiation of L. panamensis in Ph. papatasi appeared to be similar to that described in natural hosts, except that metacyclic infective forms were not observed, and some forms developed in unusual locations. Phlebotomus papatasi was a partly refractory biological host for L. panamensis. The peritrophic membrane adversely affected the infection rate; rare anterior migration and a lack of metacyclic promastigotes may preclude transmission by bite.

Animals↗