Patients' opinions of their doctors--a comparative study of patients in a central London Borough registered with single-handed and partnership practices in 1969.
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Medical insurance organizations possess a large amount of production data from individual health care providers and from institutions. These data give insight into the type and amount of health care delivered. The number of admissions, patient days, inpatient and outpatient procedures and three specific procedures, per 100 referred patients and per 1000 insured persons, from 1986 were compared for 11 partnerships of ENT specialists located in the regions of two medical insurance organizations. The raw data were corrected for percentage of persons aged 65 years and older, the percentage of women, the referral practice of the general practitioners in the treated patient population and the number of specialists in each partnership. The differences between the partnerships with the largest and those with the smallest number of items of service amount to a factor 2.9 (admissions per 1000 insured persons) to 6.7 (septum corrections per 1000 insured persons). After introduction of the independent variables, substantial differences still exist, the lowest factor being 1.8 (hearing improvement operations per 1000 insured persons) and the highest 5.6 (outpatient procedures per 1000 insured persons). There is hardly any difference between the groups regarding a procedure with a supposedly clear indication and two procedures with a less defined indication. Further study of the causes of these differences on the individual patient level is necessary.
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As the most populous state in the United States, California often serves as a bellwether of events to come. The following describes nursing work force issues in California, examples of how nurse educators are responding to health care system changes, and how practice colleagues are joining educators to prepare nurses for meeting the health needs of the people of California. The discussion begins with historical perspectives from the late 1980s to the present, the founding of the California Strategic Planning Committee for Nursing and its work, the Robert Wood Johnson Colleagues in Caring project for developing a master plan for nursing in California, and examples of existing programs in California that serve as models for preparing the best care providers to meet the health care needs of the population.
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Some of these programs would not work in every rural (or urban) practice. A partnership practice helps considerably. The ability to step into a medical center position with patient acceptance has been important. We feel that many similar opportunities exist--we have more planned--for other surgeons, and should be utilized. Both our geographic isolation and our small medical community have given us a sense of need for continuing education that is perhaps more acute than that of the urban-based private practicing surgeon. However, one has only to look about at most university surgical grand rounds and to note the paucity of surgeons practicing in those urban communities to realize that the feeling of isolation of the rural surgeon may be a very positive and beneficial force in his continuing education.
Professional partnerships in pediatric primary care produce opportunities for blending nursing and medical roles to offer optimal health care to children and families. During the Sixth Annual Pediatric Nursing Conference, held October 4-7, 1990 in San Francisco, issues of role delineation, reimbursement or salary schedules, prescriptive authority, on-call status, malpractice coverage, and hospital privileges were discussed among a distinguished panel of PNPs and physicians.