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PubMed2000

Sexual trafficking in women: international political economy and the politics of sex.

A recent manifestation of the North/South, East/West political-economic divide is the international sex trade in women, of which trafficking in women for purposes of sexual employment is a large subset. Trafficking in humans in general, and women in particular, has taken center stage in many nation-states as an issue of a threat to national security and societal cohesion. This article explores some of the basic facts about trafficking and spotlights it as a truly global phenomenon, with its contemporary origins in the international capitalist market system. Furthermore, it argues that the international political economy of sex not only includes the supply side--the women of the third world, the poor states, or exotic Asian women--but it cannot maintain itself without the demand from the organizers of the trade--the men from industrialized and developing countries. The patriarchal world system hungers for and sustains the international subculture of docile women from underdeveloped nations.

Behavior↗

PubMed1992

The politics of reproduction in Ceausescu's Romania: a case study in political culture.

The author analyzes "the politics of reproduction in Romania...[in order] to comprehend better the...legacy of the Ceausescu era.... This study also enables us to focus on the social implications and human costs of restrictive reproductive legislation and policies, especially as they impact on the lives of women and children.... In this report, I will explore the relationship between official rhetoric, policy, and everyday practice through an analysis of the politics of reproduction during Ceausescu's reign. I will discuss Ceausescu's pronatalist policies, and comment on the human dramas born of them: illegal abortion, child abandonment, infant AIDS, and international adoption."

Abortion, Illegal↗

PubMed1996

"Doin' politics": linking policy and politics in nursing.

Policies affecting nursing are set within the larger environment of the health policy sector. That sector is characterized by increasing size, complexity, and goal displacement. All three characteristics have served to expand the resource base for this sector despite fiscal constraints on such growth. The environment of policy making shapes both the substance of policy change and the strategies for political adoption. Without understanding the dynamics of the policy environment, efforts by nursing leaders to enhance their growing political sophistication and to articulate nursing interests with maximum effectiveness will be compromised.

Decision Making, Organizational↗

PubMed2004

Political leadership and the politics of nursing.

This article provides a critical examination of the concept of political leadership as it has recently developed in the field of nursing, arguing that despite its undoubted usefulness, there are important issues that it obscures. Using five guiding questions, it is proposed that a focus on political leadership is inward-looking and individualizing. It encourages a view of the profession as immature and it emphasizes separation instead of alliance formation. An alternative perspective starting from an assumption that nursing operates in a position of cultural and structural disadvantage is proposed. A close analysis of the government's strategy for nursing in England confirms the continuing cultural ambiguity that surrounds nursing. This enables a number of questions to be posed concerning where nursing fits in relation to current health policy on workforce change and raises doubts about just how far the historical neglect of nursing in policy arenas has been overcome.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed1984

The politics of ideology vs. the reality of politics: the case of Britain's National Health Service in the 1980s.

In 1979 the British people elected a government that explicitly repudiated the basis of post-war political consensus; Americans did likewise in the following year. New policies, it was expected, would be shaped by a new ideology. Britain's National Health Service offers an opportunity to examine the nature of this relationship. Political, professional, and corporate ideologies about resource allocations are inevitably constrained by the prevailing public philosophy.

Health Policy↗

PubMed1990

AIDS-phobia and political reaction in California: student versus public responses to reactive political initiatives.

A "social reactivist" study was conducted of the responses of 563 students enrolled in a Southern California university compared with those of a random sample of 1002 Californians telephone-polled by the California Poll. The study focused on AIDS-phobia, the fear of getting AIDS or the AIDS virus, HIV, from casual contact. In both samples, AIDS-phobia correlated well with reactive political sentiment. Students who were AIDS-phobic were expected to vote in favor of proquarantine initiatives (Proposition 64 in 1986 and Proposition 69 in June 1988). California Poll respondents who were AIDS-phobic, likewise, were expected to vote in favor of Proposition 102 (November 1988) which required reporting HIV-positive patients to local health officers. In the student samples, however, AIDS-phobia was found by factor analysis to have two subsets: AIDS-phobia-Wet and AIDS-phobia-Dry. These did not appear in the California Poll results. In the 1988 student sample, AIDS-phobia-Wet was significant in explaining proquarantine sentiment, while AIDS-phobia-Dry proved significant in explaining sexual activity. The converse was not true. AIDS-phobia is a major characteristic of the social audience to AIDS as a disease and may prove decisive in the evolution of the disease. Support for the victim (or lack of it) may influence the course of the disease and even public funding to fight the disease. AIDS-phobia may also blind heterosexuals to their own vulnerability, thus making them vulnerable to the disease.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1991

The politics of psychiatric self-help: political factions, interactional support, and group longevity in a social movement.

This paper examines data from a national sample of 104 groups in the former mental patient self-help movement in terms of how differences in group longevity are related to patterns of interactional social support within the different political factions in the movement. Community organization theory, which explains self-help group longevity in terms of interactional support from external community organizations, would suggest that the oldest groups should be the most conservative groups. This contradicts the de facto existence of old radical groups. Mental patient movement activists claim that the oldest groups are the most radical groups that began the movement in the early 1970s. This ignores the existence of some equally old conservative groups and offers no explanation of group longevity. Data are presented that show the longevity of conservatively affiliated groups to be an artifact of their propensity toward external community interactional support and their lack of involvement in organizational interaction within the self-help movement. The data also show that the existence of some of the oldest groups in the movement within the most radical factions is associated with the perpetuation of radical, anti-psychiatric ideology within the movement. These groups are shown to be actively involved in radical social movement activities (organizational interaction) and to eschew involvement in the development of institutional interaction. Thus, these findings show that some self-help groups can and do find needed social systemic and moral support within the movement itself and do not require external official institutional support for their long-term survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Group Processes↗

PubMed1977

The political economy on national health insurance. Policy analysis and political evaluation.

National health insurance (NHI) is discussed as a redistributive issue (that is, conflict over it is characterized by stable coalitions with important ideological differences). Discussion of policy alternatives has been intensified, but obscured, by a rhetoric which insists that the medical care system is in crisis. Both rhetoric and discussion point to three problem areas: cost, quality, and distribution of care. Three kinds of NHI proposals exist--minimal intervention measurees (e.g., AMAs Medicredit proposal), major government action (e.g., Kennedy-Corman), and mixed strategies (e.g., CHIP). While these have different potentials for mitigating the problem areas discussed, none can provide complete solutions. Rather, the goal of NHI is to avert financial catastrophe for families and individuals. The emergence of Democratic majorities in Congress and a Democratic White House increases the chances that some NHI plan will be adopted. Political analysis suggests that, short of aggressive leadership committed to a comprehensive scheme, a "middle ground" solution will be outcome.

Economics, Medical↗

PubMed1987

["The overcoming of political parties by the youth"--an early political essay by Harald Schultz-Hencke].

The presented paper shows an early publication of Harald Schultz-Hencke--one of the most disputed German psychoanalysts. It was written in 1921 and only recently rediscovered. Extraordinary political demands were listed such as a cut in working hours.

Germany↗

PubMed1978

[Political aspects. Prevention and political realities].

Present health legislation in Switzerland is largely concerned with the protection of our inhabitants from biological, chemical and physical risk of the environment. More and more it extends to economic aspects and to the behavior of the individual. Also in this respect a legal basis not only for the coverage of the consequences but also for the prevention of ill health is needed. Responsible citizens of our nation devoted to freedom and democracy merit that such a basis does rely as little as possible on bureaucratic enforcement but mainly on information and health education, controlled by science and experience and oriented towards the human needs and values of our society.

Economics, Medical↗

PubMed1979