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PubMed1991

Overbite and overjet characteristics of refined diagnostic groups of temporomandibular disorder patients.

Overbite and overjet were studied as continuous variables to examine for any relationship to diagnostic groups of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) compared with symptom-free controls. This avoided the bias of arbitrary definitions of normal and abnormal for these occlusal variables and also avoided the masking effect of studying symptoms rather than diagnostic entities. Incisal overbite in primary osteoarthrosis (OA) was shifted toward the minimal and open bite ranges as compared with the controls (p less than 0.02). Open bite occurred in only the two OA classes studied and in a few cases with myalgia only but was absent in the symptom-free controls. Overbite in myalgia was slightly skewed to the lower range. Deep bite was not more common in the myalgia, disk displacement (with or without reduction), or the OA groups. Increased overjet characterized OA groups, especially when there was a history of derangement (p less than 0.004), but did not characterize the other diagnostic groups. Except for open bite, overbite and overjet characteristics as isolated variables did not distinguish TMD patient groups. It is hypothesized that open bite in OA can be the result of joint changes rather than a predisposing occlusal cause.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Longitudinal cephalometric changes in incisor position, overjet, and overbite between 10 and 14 years of age.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal growth changes in the incisor position, overjet, and overbite between 10 and 14 years of age. Serial cephalometric radiographs of 63 subjects (31 boys and 32 girls) were taken at the ages of 10, 11, 12, and 14. The effects of age and gender on the incisor positions, overjet, and overbite were investigated by means of variance analysis and least square difference (LSD) tests. The results show that the measurements of overbite, upper incisor-NA (mm), lower incisor-NB (mm), upper incisor-NA (angle), and the interincisal angle were affected by age. The results also show that the measurements of overbite, upper incisor-NA (mm), upper incisor-NA (angle) and upper incisor-SN (angle) were affected by gender.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Impact of overbite on indicators of temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

Epidemiological studies have suggested that deep overbite is associated with symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). This finding was directly tested by deliberately constituted groups of deep and normal overbite subjects matched for age and sex. Eighty-one subjects participated. Dependent measures included the TMJ Scale test; measures of muscle activity in the right and left frontalis, temporalis, and masseter muscles; and pressure threshold meter readings for the same sites. The results showed no differences between deep and normal overbite subjects for all the dependent measures studied. The role of overbite alone in producing TMD symptoms is questioned.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Treatment of deep anterior overbite by using the fixed appliances in conjunction with a small bite plate].

OBJECTIVE: This study was to investigate the effective method in the reduction of deep anterior overbite. METHODS: Twenty-nine cases of three-degree deep anterior overbite were treated by using the fixed appliances in conjunction with a small bite plate. RESULTS: It was showed that this method was significantly quicker to reduce deep overbite of anterior teeth (2.04 +/- 0.78 mm per month) and shorter to require the time of treatment (3.94 +/- 1.55 months) than that by using the single fixed appliances (P < 0.001), and there was no significant difference between the adults and juveniles. These findings suggest that it was effective for both of adult and juvenile patients. CONCLUSION: As the destruction of molar tubes, wire and bracket bonding failure caused by bite were less happened, it was effective to treat complicated cases of deep overbite with a shorter occlusogingival distance, posterior cross-bite and not enough alveolar highness of posterior teeth who could be difficult to treat by a routine method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Overbite correction and sagittal changes: late mixed-dentition treatment effects.

This study involved the assessment of pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms from 182 late mixed-dentition patients with Class I and Class II malocclusions, with or without crowding, selected before treatment commenced. It was designed specifically to determine whether antero-posterior mandibular dento-alveolar and skeletal changes occurring with growth and one particular late mixed-dentition treatment approach are influenced in any way by the required amount of incisal overbite correction to be achieved with treatment. Significantly greater forward movements were found at both point B and pogonion in non-headgear patients in whom very deep overbites had been reduced, when compared with patients with less required incisal overbite reduction. This finding would seem to have provided further quantitative evidence to support the concept of unlocking of dento-alveolar structures with early reduction of very deep incisal overbites in appropriate patients. The suggestion was therefore made that the bite-opening in such deep-bite patients should be undertaken at least as early as this late mixed-dentition stage in order to provide an improved environment for the mandibular dento-alveolus as the mandible itself moves forward with normal growth.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Overbite and overjet are not related to self-report of temporomandibular disorder symptoms.

Overbite and overjet, especially high or low values, have been found in some studies to be associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). This study evaluates the relationship between overbite/overjet and three TMD self-report measures (pain, joint noises, limited mouth-opening). Subjects were from two population-based cross-sectional studies (3033 subjects). After adjustment for age and gender, high or low values of overbite were not associated with an increased risk of self-reported TMD pain as compared with a reference category of a normal overbite of 2 to 3 mm (-8 to -1 mm, odds ratio = 0.36, 95% confidence interval = 0.05-2.76; 6 to 15 mm, odds ratio = 1.08, 95% confidence interval = 0.68-1.72). Similar non-significant results were found for overjet and TMD pain, and for the association of overjet/overbite and joint noises or limited mouth-opening. This study provides the strongest evidence to date that there is no association between overbite or overjet and self-reported TMD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[The edge-centroid relation and overbite in Class-II.1 patients. A follow-up study].

This follow-up study evaluates lateral skull radiographs and jaw casts taken prior to treatment, at the end of treatment, and after a control period of one at a minimum of 25 orthodontically treated children, 14 males and 11 females, who had an Angle class II, 1 malocclusion and a deep overbite with the lower incisors impinging upon the palatal gingiva. The study's object of interest was the anterior-posterior relationship of the lower incisor edge to the upper incisor root centroid (i.e., the "edge-centroid relationship", Houston [7]). Its intent was to evaluate the correlation between edge-centroid relationship and an overbite relapse respectively when viewed in relation to the developments which take place in the dental and skeletal variables during the course of overbite reduction. The edge-centroid relationship was found, to present an interesting screening method in diagnosing class II, 1 cases, and, although with some reservations, the relationship is also useful in planning treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Effects of mandibular incisor extraction on anterior occlusion in adults with Class III malocclusion and reduced overbite.

The aim of this study was to assess the treatment outcome and changes in mandibular incisor position after extraction of one single incisor in 36 adult orthodontic cases with combined Class III and open bite tendencies. The cases consisted of 21 female and 15 male patients with an average age of 27.8 years (standard deviation [SD], 11.1 years) at the start. Fixed 0.018-inch Edgewise appliances were used in both arches in 19 patients and in the mandibular arch in 17 patients. Average treatment time was 18 months (SD, 7.1 months). Pretreatment ANB was 0.5(o) (SD, 2.7 degrees), overjet 1.4 mm (SD, 1.9 mm), and overbite 1.5 mm (SD, 1.1 mm). The lower incisors were 3.6 mm (SD, 2.8 mm) in front of the APg-line, and the Averaged Irregularity Index was 1.1 mm (SD, 0.6 mm). Records representing pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and average 4.3 years (SD, 2.3 years) retention (T3) included cephalograms, panoramic films, intraoral and extraoral photographs, and plaster models. All cast measurements were made with digital calipers. On the cephalograms, the lower incisor tips moved posteriorly 1.7 mm (SD, 2.0 mm) and occlusally 1.5 mm (SD, 1.8 mm) from pretreatment to posttreatment. Relative to the x-axis, they tipped lingually 5.9(o) (SD, 5.6 degrees). On the cast analysis, overjet increased 1.0 mm (SD, 1.9 mm) and 1.5 mm (SD, 1.5 mm) for the maxillary central and lateral incisors, respectively, whereas overbite increased 0.6 mm for both the central and lateral incisors. The intercanine width was reduced by 3.3 mm (SD, 2.0 mm), while the intermolar width was unchanged. The Average Irregularity Index was reduced from 1.1 to 0. 2 mm. Arch-length was reduced 3.6 mm from pretreatment to posttreatment, and another 0.3 mm from posttreatment to 4.3-years retention. Other changes from posttreatment to 4.3-years retention were slight. No loss of the interdental gingival papillae was normally observed. It is concluded that the extraction of one mandibular incisor can lead to satisfactory treatment results in adults with mild Class III malocclusion and reduced overbite, particularly when coupled with a large mandibular intercanine width and minor crowding, and some mandibular tooth size excess. However, the orthodontic treatment frequently became more complicated and time-consuming than expected at the start.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Floating norms and post-treatment overbite in open bite patients.

In this study, the clinical significance of three floating norm systems, the Bergen Box (BB), the Segner-Hasund Harmonybox 1 and 2 (SHH1 and SHH2), as well as the influence of treatment modalities for predicting results of an open bite treatment were investigated. In the BB and SHH1, patients with a steep mandibular plane angle or a skeletal open bite configuration (O1mand, O1mandmax, O1max, or N1mand) were considered 'high risk', while in the SHH2, only the configurations O1mand and O1mandmax were considered high risk. All other configurations were designated 'low risk'. It was postulated that in high risk patients, the overbite was likely to relapse into an open bite after retention. Cephalograms of 83 open bite patients taken before treatment (T1) and at the end of retention (T2) were studied. Patients designated as low risk generally had a normal overbite at T2 after treatment, regardless of which box was used. The risk configurations of the SHH1 and SHH2 at T1 were significant predictors of the overbite at T2, the first being slightly better compared with the SHH2. The main clinical values of the SHH1 and SHH2 are strongly supported by the relatively good success rate in distinguishing a low-risk configuration. Reliable prediction of the treatment results of high-risk patients with risk configurations according to the SHH is improved by evaluating treatment modalities. The posterior bite splint seemed to have a bite opening effect, while a bite closing effect was associated with the use of a removable retention appliance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Incisor edge-centroid relationships and overbite depth.

Interincisor angulation is commonly held to be a critical factor in determining overbite depth, where there is incisor contact. In this study significant correlations between these variables were found in Class II, division 2 malocclusions although interincisor angle explained less than a third of the variance in overbite depth. It was found that the anteroposterior relationship of the lower incisor edge to the upper incisor root centroid is more strongly related to overbite depth and it is suggested that this is a useful factor to take into account in planning treatment in Class II cases.

Dental Occlusion, Centric↗
PubMed1989

Overbite and overjet correction in a Class II, division 1 sample treated with Edgewise therapy.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of overjet and overbite correction in non-extraction and extraction therapy in a sample of Class II malocclusions treated with the Edgewise appliance. The subjects were 20 children treated without extraction and 20 children treated with extraction of the four first premolars. During the post-treatment period a relapse of overjet and overbite occurred in both groups. However, there was a beneficial net effect of overjet and overbite correction in both groups with no significant difference between the two groups. The study showed that mandibular intercanine width, space conditions in the lower jaw and mandibular incisor position were important factors in treatment planning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The relationship between dental overbite and eustachian tube dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between deep dental overbite and eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD). DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology outpatient clinic at the Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. PATIENTS: 105 patients between the ages of 2 and 6 years. STUDY MEASUREMENTS: Dental overbite, overjet, and occlusal relationships were measured by an observer who was unaware of ETD status. ETD was defined as having ventilation tubes in place or having the recommendation for ventilation tube placement by an attending pediatric otolaryngologist. In addition, demographic information and medical and social histories were prospectively recorded. RESULTS: In a multivariate logistic regression model, children with deep bites were 2.8 times more likely to have ETD than those without deep bites (P = .03). Other independent risk factors for ETD identified in this model were family history of otitis media (OM) and age less than 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: Children with deep dental overbites are at a significantly increased risk for developing ETD.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Traumatic overbite: a restorative solution.

Deep overbite is frequently seen in the adult dentition. Although the condition is usually asymptomatic, certain factors may lead to the development of deep traumatic overbite, and in partially dentate patients loss of posterior occlusal support may be a contributory factor. Several treatment modalities, including orthodontics, orthognathic surgery and prosthodontics have been used but, as some adult patients with this problem are unwilling to avail themselves of treatment involving either orthodontics or orthognathic surgery, a restorative approach using a combination of fixed and removable restorations may provide a satisfactory solution. This paper details a case report on the restorative management of a partially dentate adult patient with a deep traumatic overbite.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Cross-sectional study of the evolution of the primary dentition: shape of dental arches, overjet and overbite].

The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics (shape of dental arches, overjet and overbite) of the primary dentition of 6- to 39-month-old children from four nurseries of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to associate them to gender and dentition phase. It was observed that 68.6% of the children presented round upper arch, while 31.4% had triangular upper arch; 92% of the children presented U-shaped lower arch and 8% had square-shaped lower arch. Moderate overjet was observed in 38.3% of the children, and slight overjet, in 30.3%. Severe (26.6%) and negative (25.5%) overbites were the most prevalent modalities of that condition. There was no association between gender and the studied characteristics. There was statistically significant association between the dentition phase and the shape of the arch, overjet and overbite (p < 0.001, chi-square test). It was possible to observe, in the present study, that early signs of malocclusions appeared when first primary molars erupted, as the posterior vertical dimension of occlusion increased. It was, thus, verified that early signs of malocclusions appear as the primary dentition develops. It is very important that the first dental visit occur during the first year of age, since it allows the pediatric dentist to prevent or carry out an early diagnosis of malocclusions in the primary dentition.

Brazil↗
PubMed1997

Correction of deep overbite in adults.

Deep overbite is one of the most common features of adult malocclusions. Treatment of deep overbites involves a careful diagnosis, treatment plan, and mechanics plan. Pure intrusion of upper or lower incisors alone or in combination with flaring and extrusion of posterior teeth are common methods to correct deep overbites. This article describes appliance systems and biomechanical considerations necessary for intrusion of incisors.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A simple mathematical study of anterior dental relations. Part III: incisor and canine overbite.

Two previous articles described horizontal interarch relations with a simple model developed. This paper required further development of the horizontal relations to allow vertical overlap to be studied. An analysis of orthodontic and dental-prosthetic models provided values to refine horizontal description then guide vertical calculations. Tooth thickness and angles of the maxillary teeth were related to horizontal overlap to produce an estimate of potential overbite. Principles were derived from the calculations and stated. Change can be predicted for overjet and overbite during and after orthodontic treatment. This series of articles expands the logical foundations by rationally considering a broad range of anterior occlusions. There are limitations in observing one or two features of anterior occlusion without comprehending the influence of other significant measurements. Measuring change in anterior overbite is inadequate without concurrently accounting for changes of other variables such as: spacing/enlarging/hypodontia; crowding; buccal relations and tooth thickness. A better understanding of anterior dental relations is possible from use of this model and the principles derived from it.

Cuspid↗
PubMed1987

Correction of deep anterior overbite. A report of three cases.

The maintenance of deep overbite correction is one of the criteria by which we judge the long-term success of orthodontic treatment. To correct and maintain an excessive overbite, the orthodontist must intrude the overerupted teeth and establish a more ideal interincisal angle. The mechanical means to achieve this have been discussed. Three case reports have been presented to illustrate that attention to these details during treatment is of importance in achieving long term results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Severe overjet and overbite reduced alveolar bone height in 19-year-old men.

Few investigations have reported convincing evidence of an association between malocclusion and loss of periodontal tooth support. The contradictory findings may in part be explained by the selection of material and by method differences. In many studies not-very-severe malocclusion was compared with not-very-correct occlusion. Only recently have measuring methods been developed that calculate the distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the interproximal alveolar bone crest (AC) to the nearest 0.01 mm with acceptable accuracy. The association between overjet > or = 8 mm and the reduction of the bone support as expressed by the distance between CEJ and AC in 21 military recruits was compared with a peer group of 50 recruits with nearly ideal occlusion. The results showed a significant reduction of bone height (mean = 0.96 mm) of the four upper front teeth and of the four lower incisors (mean = 0.35 mm) in the malocclusion group. Similarly, a group of 31 army recruits with overbite > or = 6 mm revealed a significant reduction of bone height of 0.71 mm of the upper front teeth and 0.49 mm of the lower front teeth. Overjet and overbite did not appear in combination in this material. In conclusion, alveolar bone height was reduced in regions with severe malocclusion when compared with corresponding regions in healthy men with near ideal occlusion. The material was military recruits (age 19 years).

Adult↗