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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

An analysis of complete and incomplete overbite in class II division 1 malocclusions (an analysis of overbite incompleteness).

A retrospective cephalometric study of Class II Division 1 malocclusions was carried out. Sixty patients with complete overbites were compared with another group of 60 matched in every respect, with the exception of having incomplete overbites. All patients were in the permanent dentition stage and aged between 10 and 14 years. An incomplete overbite was related to vertical variation in the skeletal pattern. This was demonstrated by greater anterior lower facial height, greater gonial angle, and steeper mandibular plane inclination. Incisor alveolar heights and molar heights did not vary between the groups. No differences between groups were noted for the degree of overjet reduction achieved during treatment, or in post retention relapse of overbite and overjet.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Postretention assessment of deep overbite correction in Class II Division 2 malocclusion.

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the long-term stability of deep overbite correction in Class II Division 2 malocclusion and to search for predictors of postretention overbite. The sample of 62 (31 males, 31 females) was limited to Class II Division 2 patients with initial deep overbite and successful orthodontic treatment as judged clinically at the end of treatment. Study models and cephalograms were analyzed before treatment, after treatment, and out of retention (average 15 years). The sample was divided into two groups according to the degree of postretention overbite: Group 1 (N=33; overbite > or = 4.0 mm at T3, mean = 5.17 +/- 0.87) and group 2 (N=29; overbite <4.0 mm at T3, mean = 2.95 +/- 0.87). The results showed that patients with very upright pretreatment maxillary and mandibular incisors tended to have deeper initial overbite and a tendency to return to their original relationship by the postretention stage. Posttreatment vertical growth contributed to maintenance of overbite correction. By stepwise multiple regression analysis, initial overbite was selected as the most important predictor of postretention overbite. Initial overbite was positively related with postretention overbite.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Vertical components of overbite change: a mathematical model.

The purpose of this study was to better understand the multidimensional nature of overbite changes that occur during adolescence. The study used longitudinal cephalograms of 181 untreated children (102 males, 79 females) taken at ages 10 and 15. Four major components that directly affect overbite were measured: (1) maxillary vertical displacement, (2) mandibular vertical displacement, (3) upper incisor vertical change within the bone, (4) lower incisor vertical change within the bone. Cranial base, maxillary, and mandibular superimpositions were performed for each subject to assess the vertical changes that occurred in these 4 components and to assess overbite. A multiple regression analysis was used to develop a mathematical model describing the relationships of these components to changes in overbite. The model was validated with an independent subsample and a comparison of subjects whose overbites decreased and those whose overbites increased. The results showed that overbite changed minimally (0.2 mm) over the 5-year period; variation ranged from a 2.4 mm decrease to a 5.6 mm increase. The regression model indicated that the mandibular skeletal changes were twice as important as the mandibular dental changes and about 2.5 times as important as the maxillary changes in effecting overbite change. Within the mandibular skeletal component, vertical growth was more important than mandibular rotation in determining overbite change. The model demonstrated that a multivariate approach is necessary to understand overbite changes. More effective orthodontic treatment might be achieved by focusing on the primary components effecting overbite change, especially those with the greatest potential for therapeutic modification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Changes in overbite and face height from 5 to 45 years of age in normal subjects.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in overbite over a 40-year span, and to relate these changes to those occurring in vertical skeletal facial relationships. Lateral cephalograms of 20 males and 15 females from the Iowa Facial Growth Study were evaluated at ages 5, 10, 15, 25, and 45 years. Correlation coefficients were computed to determine the relationship between overbite and various skeletal parameters. Analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple-range test were used to compare various periods of growth. Statistical significance was predetermined at the 0.05 level of confidence. No significant correlations were found between the absolute values of overbite and the vertical skeletal parameters in either males or females. Incremental changes in overbite during four growth periods were compared with changes in various vertical parameters and only a few significant correlations were found. In males, the change in overbite was significantly correlated with changes in N-Ans'/N-Me and MP:SN during the 10-to-15 year growth period. In females, the change in overbite was significantly correlated with changes in N-Ans'/N-Me% during the 5-to-10-year period and also with change in Ar'-Go/S-Go% during the 15-to-25-year period. In general, changes in overbite with age are difficult to predict from the initial overbite in the deciduous or mixed dentitions. On the other hand, evaluation of individual curves shows that males who initially had the least amount of overbite maintained that trend during the later stages of development. Although overbite changes were significantly associated with changes in some vertical parameters, the associations were not of clinical significance for predictive purposes, and overbite changes are probably dependent on concurrent changes in the growth of the alveolar processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Overbite depth and anteroposterior dysplasia indicators: the relationship between occlusal and skeletal patterns using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

This study was carried out to investigate the validity of the overbite depth indicator (ODI) and the anteroposterior dysplasia indicator (APDI), based on the cephalometric analysis of 122 Caucasians selected at random for assessment of vertical and sagittal relationships. Considering the occlusion, the sample was divided into three classifications in the sagittal component: 36 cases of neutrocclusion, 54 cases of distocclusion, and 34 cases of mesiocclusion. The sample was also categorized according to the overbite relationship: 54 cases of normal overbite, 34 cases of open bite, and 34 cases of deep overbite. In the sagittal component analysis, the APDI measurement resulted in significant differences between the neutrocclusion, distocclusion, and mesiocclusion groups. In the vertical component analysis, the ODI significantly distinguished between the normal and deep overbite groups, and the open bite and deep overbite groups, but not between the normal overbite and the open bite groups. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the APDI matched the anteroposterior molar relationship in 88 per cent, and the ODI matched the amount of incisor overbite in 81 per cent.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tooth movements associated with deep overbite correction in Class II division 1 malocclusions.

The orthodontic profession has assumed much of the responsibility for the improvement in function of the teeth and jaws. Since function is closely associated with overbite, the correction of vertical overbite discrepancies comprises a major part of clinical orthodontics. This investigation was undertaken to describe the movements that teeth undergo during the correction of excessive overbites and to correlate these movements to the change in overbite. A total of 87 cases were selected from the records of the Indiana University School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics. The selected cases had an excessive pre-treatment overbite of 4.0 mm or more as seen cephalometrically and a satisfactory post-treatment result. In addition, they were clinically determined to be post-pubertal, indicating essentially no growth potential during the treatment period. Pre and post-treatment tracings of the cephalograms were made and measurements collected from the tracings. Superimpositions were prepared of the pre and post-treatment radiographs and the general trends that appeared were noted. The change in overbite was correlated to tooth movements of the Class II Division 1 correction using the Pearson test of correlation coefficients. The results indicate that the tooth movements most commonly seen in treatment to reduce excessive overbite occur mainly in the mandibular arch. In Class II Division 1 cases, the change was significantly correlated to the reduction in vertical height of the mandibular incisor and to the increase in the angulation of the mandibular incisor to the mandibular plane. Not all measurements recorded were significantly correlated to the change in overbite.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Quantitative description of overjet and overbite and their relationship with the craniofacial morphology.

OBJECTIVES: 1) To define the sagittal and vertical characteristics of anterior teeth in adults with normal occlusions; 2) to explore a relationship between the overbite and overjet; and 3) to relate overbite and overjet to the skeletal pattern. DESIGN: Prospective data collection. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Ninety-two adult dental students from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (49 females and 43 males) with naturally occurring Class I occlusions. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE AND OUTCOME MEASURES: Cephalometric data were collected for overbite, overjet, and skeletal relationships. These were then correlated for potential association between front teeth and vertical and horizontal skeletal relationships. RESULTS: The overjet measures were equally distributed among men and women, but overbite was higher in women. Facial proportions were also bigger in men, but the Mediterranean face was bigger than Northern American Caucasian. The mandibular plane angle could be associated with either increased or decreased overjet and overbite. CONCLUSION: The overbite and overjet features of an occlusion cannot be predictably associated with any particular craniofacial pattern.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Prevention of overbite and overjet development in the 3 to 8 year old by controlled nighttime guidance of incisal eruption: a study of 43 individuals.

The purpose of this study conducted at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine is to investigate the possibility of limiting the development of an excessive vertical overbite and horizontal overjet during sleeping hours in young children prior to and during the eruption of the permanent incisors. A sample of 43 individuals, whose mean age was 6.17 years, wore a Preventive Eruption Guidance Appliance passively only while sleeping at night for 13 months (mean) to control the development of the overbite as the permanent incisors erupted and to correct the excessive overjet. The mean initial overbite of the sample was 3.4 mm and was reduced to 1.4 mm. The mean initial overjet was 3.0 mm and was reduced to 1.4 mm. Fourteen percent (6 cases) of the sample had an open bite of 1.84 mm (mean), which was reduced to a mean open-bite of 0.81 mm. As a result of the statistical comparison between the treatment sample to the control sample of 50 non-treated individuals, it was shown that the reduction of the overbite and overjet was accomplished solely by altering the problematic dentition without affecting the normal growth pattern or facial morphology as measured from nine lineal dimensions. It was also shown that the change in overbite and overjet was a significant improvement over what would have occurred if no intervention had been instituted, and that the overbite was corrected by restricting continued excessive eruption of the maxillary incisors with only nighttime passive use of the appliance.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Cephalometric evaluation of two treatment strategies for deep overbite correction.

This study compared the cephalometric changes achieved using fixed versus removable appliances to correct deep overbite in growing patients. Forty-five patients treated with cervical headgear/tandem mechanics and 50 patients treated with a bionator appliance were compared with 95 control subjects from the Bolton Study. Treatment differences were determined using a cephalometric analysis that isolated vertical changes in overbite as the composite result of 6 variables: maxillary skeletal change, tipping of the upper incisors, bodily movement of the upper incisors, mandibular skeletal change, lower incisor tipping, and bodily movement of the lower incisors. The interaction of treatment type with facial type was also examined. In the headgear/tandem group, overbite was corrected by a combination of intrusion of the upper incisors and increases in mandibular skeletal change. Treatment with the bionator resulted in correction of the overbite by relative intrusion of the upper and lower incisors and increases in mandibular skeletal change. There were no significant interactions with facial type in the headgear group. Gonial angle and lower tipping were influenced by facial type in the bionator group. These results demonstrate that fixed and removable appliances produce both qualitative and quantitative differences in treatment response. Further studies are planned to create a rational decision tree that can be used to aid the clinician in the differential diagnosis and treatment of deep overbite.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed2001

The effects of overbite on the maxillary and mandibular morphology.

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the maxillary and mandibular morphology related to the overbite. A total of 80 untreated subjects were divided into 4 groups with normal overbite, edge-to-edge bite, open bite, or deep bite and were compared with one another. Differences between the overbite groups and between genders were assessed by means of variance analysis and the least significant difference test. In addition, correlation coefficients between the overbite and other variables were calculated. The results showed that there are statistically significant differences in the maxillary and mandibular morphology among the overbite groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The effect of extraction of four second permanent molars on the incisor overbite.

Changes in incisor overbite were compared in 33 subjects who had four second molars extracted and 33 untreated subjects. There was an average increase in overbite of 0.7 mm in the extraction group, significantly different from an average decrease of -0.8 mm in the control group. The tendency to increase in overbite was greater in subjects whose presenting overbite was already reduced. The mechanism responsible for overbite reduction appeared to be a slight distal movement of the dentition, with retroclination of incisors and increase in inter-incisal angle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Overjet and overbite distribution and correlation: a comparative epidemiological English-Iraqi study.

There have been no widely used criteria and methods of measurement for evaluating the incisor relationship in terms of overjet and overbite and, therefore, no widely accepted definition of their normal values. A simple, efficient, metric overbite and overjet gauge has been developed and used on 236 English and 250 Iraqi samples. The normal range of overjet and overbite is considered as 2-4 mm. The English variation tends towards increased overjet and overbite, while the Iraqi variation tends towards lower values for both parameters. Significant correlation is seen between overjet and overbite at 1 per cent level in both samples.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1989

Overbite values in Nigerian children.

Overbite values in 650 Nigerian children aged 11-13 years have been measured using the Jackson method of overbite classification. The commonest overbite value in Nigerian children is 1 with a prevalence of 75.3 per cent which is followed by overbite 2 with a prevalence of 16.3 per cent. The study showed that Nigerians have a lesser overbite value compared with Caucasians.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Alveolar and skeletal dimensions associated with overbite.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether in the maxilla and in the mandible the structure of the anterior medial sagittal alveolar and basal bone is related to the overbite. A total of 460 untreated adult subjects were divided into four groups with either deep bite, normal overbite, end-to-end bite, or open bite and were compared. The overbite, lower face height, and anterior alveolar and basal midsagittal cross-sectional areas from the maxilla and the mandible were assessed on lateral cephalometric radiographs. An index was calculated, dividing the sagittal by the vertical dimension of the midsagittal cross-sectional area. A deeper bite coincided with smaller lower face height, larger alveolar and basal areas, and a more widened shape of the symphysis. If the lower face height was introduced as a covariable, the open bite group showed significantly smaller maxillary and mandibular alveolar and basal cross-sectional areas compared with the end-to-end group, the normal overbite group, or the deep bite group. Vertical variation of the overbite probably coincides with a relative hyperdevelopment or hypodevelopment of the symphysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Individual overbite behavior between the deciduous and permanent dentition].

Manuals and relevant publications give rise to the impression that the formation of the overbite in the incisor region throughout its development is a process easy to overlook. Impressions of 108 cases were taken, one of the deciduous dentition and one of the permanent dentition 13 years later. A mathematic-statistical analysis of objective measurable morphological dentition criteria were made and discussed. This shows that neither from the degree of overbite nor from any other feature of the deciduous dentition a prognosis concerning the extent of the final overbite of the permanent dentition can be derived. Changes throughout the development of the overbite are predominant. There are only little correlative coherencies among the morphological symptoms that can be applied quickly and easily for the prognosis in the clinical inspection. For estimating the development tendency longterm individualized observations are necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Vertical lip height and dental height changes in relation to the reduction of overjet and overbite in Class II, Division 1 malocclusion.

Changes in vertical lip height in relation to dental height, overjet, and overbite of orthodontically treated Class II, Division 1 malocclusions are evaluated through cephalometric roentgenograms of twenty-two male patients. Treatment entailed extraction of the four first premolars and use of the edgewise technique. The results are statistically analyzed, and correlations between various binary combinations are subjected to the 1 percent confidence limit. On the basis of this study, it is concluded that (1) the reduction of overjet, overbite, and dental height with orthodontic treatment is statistically significant at the 1 percent level; (2) the reduction of overjet to that of overbite shows a mean ratio of 1.83 to 1. On the other hand, a reduction of 1 mm, in dental height is accompanied by an average reduction of 3.98 mm. in overjet and of 2.17 mm. in overbite; (3) there is also an insignificant increase in vertical lip height accompanied by a decrease in dental height. The relation is statistically insignificant, however.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Clinical crown length and reduction in overjet, overbite, and dental height with orthodontic treatment.

To evaluate the clinical crown length relative to fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment of excessive overjet and deep overbite and to correlate such changes to the vertical dental height, the following measurements were undertaken for 12 females and 8 males, between the ages of 16 and 20 years, on three separate occasions--2 days before banding, 2 days after debanding, and 12 months after debanding: (1) overjet, overbite and dental height measured from right lateral cephalometric x-ray films; (2) clinical crown length, measured from study models, of 400 teeth divided into four groups--maxillary incisors and canines (120 teeth), maxillary second premolars and first molars (80 teeth), mandibular incisors and canines (120 teeth) and mandibular second premolars and first molars (80 teeth); and (3) gingival condition by means of the gingival index of Löe and Silness. Fixed edgewise orthodontic appliances were used and the four first premolars were extracted. From the results of the investigation, the following conclusions were evident: after a 12-month follow-up observation period, the achieved reduction in overjet, overbite, and dental height showed relapses of 9%, 11%, and 29%, successively; only 7% of the 400 teeth examined showed reductions in clinical crown length. This change was probably the result of gingival hyperplasia. The gingival condition greatly improved by approximately 64% after 12 months of debanding, accompanied by 25% to 50% relapse in the amount of change in clinical crown length (noted 2 days after debanding); and the intrusive tooth movement during orthodontic correction of deep overbite was the result of vertical movement of the tooth, with its investing tissues and soft-tissue attachment, into the jaws.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Increased overbite and craniomandibular disorders--a clinical approach.

This study investigated the effect of a maxillary fixed lingual arch with anterior bite plane on adult patients with craniomandibular disorders (CMD) and increased overbite. The sample comprised 11 patients with an increased overbite (greater than 5 mm) and a normal or Class II molar relationship. The main CMD symptoms were daily tension headache in the region of anterior temporal muscles and/or pain or clicking in the temporomandibular joint. Previous treatment with stabilization splints, removal bite plates, or occlusal grinding had not given satisfactory results. When the maxillary lingual arch with anterior bite plane was fitted, molar separation was approximately 4 mm, and occlusal contact occurred only between the acrylic bite plane and the lower six anterior teeth. The permanent appliance could be removed only by the orthodontist. All patients reported relief of CMD symptoms 1 to 2 weeks after initiation of treatment. After a mean time of 3 months, a flatter curve of Spee, molar contact, and reduced overbite could be seen in all cases. The excessive overbite had decreased approximately 3.4 mm. Subsequent treatment involved orthodontic or prosthetic therapy to normalize and stabilize the sagittal and vertical dimensions. After an average posttreatment observation period of 2 years, all patients remained free of CMD pain.

Adult↗