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PubMed1976

A comparison between Northern and Southern blacks residing in the North.

Differences between Southern and non-Southern blacks living in the North and West are considered for a wide variety of attributes such as employment, occupation, income, marital stability, and offspring's performance in school. Migrant blacks have generally more favorable rates than their Northern- and Western-born compatriots after standard domographic controls are applied to an unusually detailed set of cross-tabulations based on the One-Percent Sample Tapes for 1960. Perhaps the sharpest gap exists with respect to marital conditions; Southern blacks of both sexes are more likely to marry and, among those ever married, live more frequently with their spouses. Some of the results reported by earlier investigators require considerable modification; For example, the fact that Northern black men are less often at work than migrants has led to speculations about regional differences in work orientation among blacks, but a detailed analysis of labor force activity indicates this pattern does not hold for women. Likewise, the migrant income advantage is found to vary by education such that it is confined to those with low educational attainment. The use of sample tapes permits a novel analysis of differences between Northern-born blacks classified by whether they are second or at least third generation residents of the North (children of Southern- or Northern-born parents, respectively). For the attribute measured, school performance, the gap is essentially nil. Finally, an alternative is suggested to the existing causal interpretations of North-South gaps among black residents of the North. Reconsidered in particular are the higher labor force rates of migrant men and their more frequent employment in blue collar jobs;

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Incidence and duration of breast feeding in the city of Sassari from 1976 to 1987].

The authors have studied the incidence and duration of breast feeding (BF) among children from Sassari born in the period 1976 to 1987 (3608 full-term, normal infants). The data have shown a progressive decrease in the incidence and duration of B.F. from 1976 to 1983 followed by a progressive increase in the last 4 years of the study. The authors point out the need for structured incentive program aimed at a better education of the mothers concerning the advantages of breast feeding.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1989

Autopsy statistics on the relative frequency of acute myocardial infarction in the Japanese mental workers and the unemployed during the two oil-crises periods.

In order to investigate whether job induced emotional stress, arising from socioenvironmental disasters would act as a trigger for the onset of AMI, the author reviewed all pathological autopsies throughout Japan 15 years old and over. Data was obtained from publications of the "Annual of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan" for the years 1966-1968 (a period of high economic growth), 1973-1975 (1974, the year of the first oil crisis), and 1978-1980 (1979, the year of the second oil crisis). Relative frequencies of AMI were significantly higher during the years of both oil crises than in both the preceding and following years (2.6% in 1973, 3.7% in 1974, 3.0% in 1975; 2.8% in 1978, 3.2% in 1979, and 2.0% in 1980), and in each of three years of the high economic growth period (1.9-2.2% in 1966-1968). The proportions of managers and officials among AMI victims were significantly higher in the years of both oil crises than in both the preceding and following years (13.4% in 1973, 17.5% in 1974, 12.5% in 1975; 11.6% in 1978, 15.8% in 1979, and 11.1% in 1980). Moreover, there was a significantly higher value in the year of first oil crisis than in each of three years of the high economic growth period (11.7-13.1% in 1966-1968). The proportions of "out of job" persons were also significantly higher in the years of both oil crises than in the preceding years (24.0% in 1973, 29.3% in 1974, 27.8% in 1975; 24.1% in 1978, 29.1% in 1979, and 27.4% in 1980). For 11,199 randomly selected autopsies, the proportions of AMI in the above two occupational groups were significantly higher in the years of both oil crises than in the preceding years. Moreover, the proportion of "out of job" persons was significantly higher in the year of first oil crisis than in each of three years of the high economic growth period. A similar trend was noted among professional and technical workers, with more AMI occurring in this group during the years of both oil crises than in both the preceding and following years but without statistically significant difference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Systems analysis of schools of allied health using Leavitt's Organizational Model: a meta-analysis.

Schools of allied health are relative newcomers to the formal academic setting. Consequently, these new academic units are particularly vulnerable to external threats to survival as they struggle to achieve acceptance by faculty and administrators in the traditional disciplines. This paper describes an application of Leavitt's Organizational Model for systems analysis of schools of allied health. A meta-analysis of studies reported in the Journal of Allied Health was conducted to provide administrative insight for the model's dimensions of task, structure, technology, and people. The model is helpful in organizing information and predicting effects of intervention strategies when any single dimension is changed. By viewing schools of allied health from a holistic perspective, deans and chair persons can anticipate the effect of change on variables (dimensions) other than those being manipulated and weight intervention strategies before their adoption.

Humans↗