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Occupation and bronchial carcinoma.
All patients newly diagnosed as bronchial carcinoma were studied during a 5-year period. There were 212 male and 61 female patients. A careful occupational history was taken and the occupations of the patients in 1950 were compared with the County's official occupational statistics of that year, and their chest X-rays were scrutinized for pleural plaques. A significantly higher proportion of metal workers and workers from the building industry was found among the patients, while agricultural workers were under-represented. Smoking habits did not explain the difference. The number of patients with pleural plaques was four times higher than expected. It is concluded that dust in certain occupations has an additive effect on the carcinogenic effect of smoking.
Conditions for choosing between drug-induced and surgical abortions.
In France, pregnant women with amenorrhoea of no more than 49 days intending to terminate pregnancy can choose between a surgical abortion via vacuum aspiration under local or general anesthesia and a drug method combining Mifepristone orally administered (RU 486 degrees), with a prostaglandin analogue. This prospective survey was conducted to study the conditions under which women choose their abortion method, and to evaluate the acceptability of each method after the abortion. The data gathered from 488 women were analyzed according to their initial decision, and then according to the method actually used. The majority (62%) chose RU 486. The women's choice was found to be linked to sociodemographic characteristics such as age, education, occupation, geographic origin, and certain attitudes towards pregnancy, as well as to the individual criteria of each method. The women who chose the drug protocol had most often already made their decision before going to the family planning center (68%), having been advised by their doctor (20%). They were slightly less satisfied with the abortion experience than they had expected: 12.4% were unsatisfied in the RU group and 3.6% in the aspiration group. They needed more rest and quiet afterwards (50%) than the other women. They were distinguished by their desire to verify the expulsion (63%). The length of pregnancy is therefore not the only criterion to be considered when recommending one or other of these methods: the women concerned have different requirements and should have several possibilities to choose from.
Occupational status variations in disagreements on the diagnosis of cause of death.
Studies of occupational status-related risk factors in specific-cause mortality assume that the proportions of disagreements concerning the diagnoses of the cause of death do not vary between different statuses. This assumption was verified by the addition of data concerning the occupation of the decreased (collected at death registration) to a data set comparing the clinicians' and the pathologists' diagnoses at autopsy of the cause of death. It was found that clinicians and pathologists were least likely to agree on the diagnoses of the cause of death of non-manual workers and were most likely to agree on the diagnosis of the cause of death of skilled manual workers. These occupational status differences in diagnostic disagreements reached levels of statistical significance in the neoplasm chapter of the International Classification of Diseases. Artefactual and clinical reasons for these occupational status differences are discussed.
Elective vasectomy by American urologists in 1967.
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The most creative years of engineers and other technologists.
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Noise exposure--sample size and confidence limit calculation.
In a previous paper a method for assessing noise exposure levels of workers from the same trade was presented. There was also discussed how to apply the NIOSH sample size method to noise exposed populations. In this paper both subjects are further discussed by including the calculation of confidence limits for the mean noise exposure as well as for the percentage of workers with noise exposure levels beyond a certain level. The calculation of the sample size of a population where standard deviation is known is also discussed.
Path analysis: testimonial of a proselyte.
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Age and occupation: a classification of occupations by their age structure.
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A team approach to learning community health.
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The current status of computer-assisted instruction in the health sciences.
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Determinants of mortality in an industrial population.
Many epidemiological problems are encountered in studies of mortality experience in industrial populations. The current study was undertaken to develop background data for a large chemical manufacturing company with emphasis on differentials in mortality associated with preselection factors, socioeconomic status, and general job categories. Statistically significant differences were observed in the industrial cohort with respect to socioeconomic level and job category. Differences between the industrial population and the corresponding US white male population were also noted. Findings of this study suggest additional avenues of investigative work for epidemiologists and clinicians concerned with the well being of employee groups in various industries.
Manic depressive illness and social achievement.
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Organization of sequential typing movements.
1. Experienced touch typists were asked to type words that contained only one or two letters typed by one of the two hands. When a word contained a pair of letters typed by one hand, the letters could be consecutive, or there could be one, two, or three intervening letters typed with the other hand. 2. We studied cases in which pairs of letters were either identical, different but typed with the same finger, or typed with two different fingers on the same hand. 3. Translational and rotational motion of the fingers and wrist was computed optoelectronically from the location of reflective markers on the hands. Finger and wrist motion recorded when subjects typed pairs of letters was compared with the motion recorded when the subject typed either letter in isolation. 4. When the subject typed the same letter consecutively, or separated by intervening letters, the second keystroke began only after the first key had been pressed. The same result was obtained when the second letter was not identical but was typed with the same finger. Up to the time of the first keypress, the initial keystroke kinematics were identical to those for that letter typed in isolation. 5. When the second letter in a pair was typed with the use of a different finger, the initial focal movement (wrist and finger striking the key) was unaffected up to the time of initial keypress. However, the second finger could begin to move toward the second key shortly before the initial keypress, and therefore the corollary movements normally involved in the initial keystroke were affected. 6. These results indicate that typing movements are executed primarily in a serial fashion, letter by letter. There can be some overlap between consecutive keystrokes only if they are executed with different fingers. 7. Words in which two letters typed with one hand were separated by three letters typed with the other hand provided subjects the opportunity to initiate the second keystroke at a range of times after the first keypress. 8. When the second letter differed from the first, subjects always returned to the home position after the first keypress and initiated the second keystroke with a normal latency. However, when the second letter was the same as the first letter, subjects sometimes suppressed the return to the home position after the first keystroke and maintained their finger poised over the key. 9. Thus keystrokes of one hand are best described as being executed sequentially. However, the findings presented here also indicate that movement planning encompasses strings of letters.
Risk-taking in the lives of parasuicides (attempted suicides).
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Discriminant analysis of MMPI profiles for demographic classifications of male alcoholics.
Discriminant function analysis of MMPI profiles of alcoholics on variables of age, education, occupation and marital status did not yield a common discriminant space, suggesting that other pertinent sociocultural factors must be incorporated to obtain a valid and informative discriminant space.
Employment status of 53 handicapped college graduates.
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Obesity indices and their interrelationships when applied to workers.
Using results of periodic health examinations of middle or small size establishments in Kitakyushu-City conducted by an occupational health service from April to September in 1982, the relationships among ten obesity indices of 30-59 years old male workers (27,376 persons) were investigated classified by age groups (30-39, 40-49 and 50-59 age groups) and by occupations (total occupation, field workers and office workers). Obesity indices adopted here are those derived from weight and height and are used mostly in Japan. Though the means of obesity values were various, the means in the 40-49 age group were higher than those in other age groups through all the indices and all the occupations. And those for office workers were higher than those for field workers through all the indices and all the age groups. The percentage of workers whose obesity values were 20+ in the Minowa index was about 14% and this percentage was attained almost by 20+ in the Katsura and the Kato indices, by 15+ in the NK, the Matsuya, the Matsuki and the CN indices, by 5+ in the Broca index, by 25+ in the Quetelet index and by 156+ in the Rohrer index. Though the percentage of hypertensive office workers was higher than that of hypertensive field workers in the 40-49 age group, proportion adjusted by any obesity index was similar and there were scarcely any differences of adjusted proportions between office workers and field workers.