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PubMed2002

A giant pyogenic granuloma in the nasal cavity caused by nasal packing.

Pyogenic granuloma is a benign, rapidly growing hemorrhagic lesion of unknown origin. This disorder, however, is obscure to many rhinologists, because the nose is a relatively rare location for the lesion. In the practice of otorhinolaryngology, nasal packing is a very common procedure for nasal bleeding and postoperative hemostasis. However, few pyogenic granulomas occurring from nasal packing have been reported in the literature. A 56-year-old man underwent nasal packing with vaseline gauze because of nasal bleeding. Two months later, a dark brown nasal tumor was found in his nasal cavity. He underwent endoscopic endonasal removal of the tumor. The pathology result showed a pyogenic granuloma. This is the third case recorded in the literature of a confirmed pyogenic granuloma occuring as a complication of nasal packing. This uncommon lesion should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a rapidly growing hemorrhagic lesion within the nasal fossa.

Bandages↗
PubMed1990

[A rare case of pleomorphic adenoma of lateral wall of nasal cavity--with special reference of statistical observation of pleomorphic adenoma of nasal cavity in Japan].

Pleomorphic adenoma, which is also called mixed tumor is considered to occur favorably in major salivary glands such as parotid and submandibular glands, and rarely in the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and lacrimal gland. We reported here a rare case of pleomorphic adenoma (2.9 X 2.2 X 1.7 cm3) developed from the lateral wall of right nasal cavity in a 43-year-old woman. Statistical observation of pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal cavity in Japan was made and comparative study was also made between such adenoma and that in the parotid gland. In Japan, 41 cases of pleomorphic adenoma originated in the nasal cavity have been reported so far including ours. These cases had age of onset of 16-74 years, averaging 44.6 years. Sex ratio showed female predominance. No significant difference was noted in affected sides sites. Chief complaints were represented mostly by nasal obstruction (29 cases; 71%) and nasal bleeding (23 cases; 56%). Tumors were surgically extirpated in all cases. One recurrent case (2.4%) was reported and another malignant case (2.4%) was also reported. 4 cases (9.8%) were originated in the lateral wall of nasal cavity and all of the other cases were in the nasal septum. In comparison with pleomorphic adenoma developed in parotid gland in Japan, sex ratio was 1:1.8 compared with 1:2.1 for parotid gland with almost similar tendency. Age of onset averaged 44.6 compare with 32.8 years for parotid gland, with a little advance in age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed2006

Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on the dimension of the nasal cavity and on nasal air resistance.

INTRODUCTION: Atresia of the maxilla is a transverse skeletal dysplasia, possibly associated with respiratory problems. For its correction, rapid maxillary expansion is a feasible orthodontic process. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of rapid maxillary expansion on the nasal cavity by acoustic rhinometry and computed rhinomanometry. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-nine children of both sexes with oral and/or mixed breathing, ranging in age from 7 to 10 years and with mixed dentition were selected. The children had uni- or bilateral posterior crossbite involving deciduous canines and the first permanent molars and were not being submitted to any otorhinolaryngologic or orthodontic treatment. All subjects were submitted to rhinologic exams and orthodontic documentation at three different times, i.e., before expansion and immediately and 90 days after expansion. RESULTS: There was no difference in the minimal cross-sectional area at the level of the valve and inferior nasal turbinate between the periods analyzed, but there was a statistically significant reduction in nasal resistance after expansion. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the present results, we may conclude that rapid maxillary expansion may lessen the nasal resistance. Although there was no difference in nasal geometry. Thus, this procedure may improve nasal respiration, but cannot be indicated for this purpose by itself.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1988

Large area sectioning for morphologic studies of nonhuman primate nasal cavities.

The nasal region is important for studies in inhalation toxicology but is difficult to prepare for histological examination, especially in species as large as primates. A method for the histologic preparation of undecalcified, complete transverse sections of the nonhuman primate nasal cavity is summarized as follows. After removal of excess soft tissue, mandible and calvaria, the head is fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. The nasal region is transversely sectioned into serial 3-mm-thick blocks from the nares to the posterior aspect of the soft palate using a low speed saw with a water-cooled diamond-coated blade. The blocks are embedded in a mixture of glycol and methyl methacrylates, with polyethylene glycol-1500 and dibutylphthalate as plasticizers. The plastic blocks average 5.0 x 5.0 x 1.5 cm; 2-4 microns sections are cut on an automated sliding microtome. In spite of the size of the blocks, this technique yields complete transverse sections of the nasal cavities with excellent morphologic detail. The sections are amenable to a wide range of staining procedures. The procedure lends itself to autoradiographic studies. The embedding mixture is ideally suited for studies of undecalcified bone and teeth.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Acinic cell carcinoma originating in the nasal cavity.

The nasal cavity is a rare site for an acinic cell carcinoma. We have treated one such tumor in a 68-year-old man. He underwent a Denker's operation under general anesthesia and then received postoperative irradiation at 50 Gy. He has been kept asymptomatic for the past 2 years. To the best of our knowledge, this case is the third report on the acinic cell tumor in the nasal cavity. A brief literature review is also presented.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Detailed flow patterns in the nasal cavity.

The human nasal cavity filters and conditions inspired air while providing olfactory function. Detailed experimental study of nasal airflow patterns has been limited because of the complex geometry of the nasal cavity. In this work, particle image velocimetry was used to determine two-dimensional instantaneous velocity vector fields in parallel planes throughout a model of the nasal cavity that was subjected to a nonoscillatory flow rate of 125 ml/s. The model, which was fabricated from 26 computed tomography scans by using rapid prototyping techniques, is a scaled replica of a human right nasal cavity. The resulting vector plots show that the flow is laminar and regions of highest velocity are in the nasal valve and in the inferior airway. The relatively low flow in the olfactory region appears to protect the olfactory bulb from particulate pollutants. Low flows were also observed in the nasal meatuses, whose primary function has been the subject of debate. Comparison of sequentially recorded data suggests a steady flow.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Detection of plasmacytoma of the nasal cavity by immunoelectrophoresis of nasal washing fluid.

A patient with a solitary IgG-lambda plasmacytoma of the nasal cavity is described. Immunoelectrophoresis of the nasal washing fluid showed the presence of the same paraprotein. After radiotherapy the tumour and the paraprotein disappeared. Recurrence of the tumour after 6 months was again associated with the presence of the paraprotein in the nasal washing fluid. Immunoelectrophoresis of nasal washings may offer an easy method in detection and follow-up of localized plasmacytomas of the upper respiratory tract.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Analysis of 216 cases of malignant neoplasms of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses].

This study is a retrospective analysis of 216 cases of malignant tumours of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, treated from 1965 to 1980. The mean age at diagnosis was 59 years, 70 per cent were men and 30 per cent women. There were 121 (56%) epidermoid carcinomas, and 31 (14%) adenocarcinomas. Three-year and five-year actuarial survival rate was 40 and 33 per cent respectively for epidermoid carcinomas, 72 and 50 per cent respectively for adenocarcinomas. Recurrences occurred in 46 per cent of epidermoid carcinomas and 42 per cent of adenocarcinomas. Early diagnosis is important to improve the survival rate, and radical primary treatment should be carried out to reduce the rate of recurrence.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

Two unusual lesions in the nasal cavity of infants--a nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma and an aneurysmal bone cyst like lesion. More closely related than we think?

Benign reparative lesions in the head and neck region in infants are rare and often difficult to classify on histology. Discussed herein are two rare lesions in infants occurring at identical locations in the nasal cavity with striking histologic similarity but different histologic labels. One was a case of nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma (NCMH) occurring in a 1-year-old child and the other an aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) like lesion affecting a 4-month infant. Both these lesions were locally destructive and had nearly similar clinical presentation. Both on immunohistochemistry showed myofibroblastic nature and had similar histology except that the ABC like lesion lacked the cartilage component of the former. In view of great similarity in the two lesions, it was thought that the second lesion might also represent a reparative, non-cartilage-containing counterpart of the former.

Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal↗
PubMed1983

CT of the nasal cavity.

CT demonstrates nasal anatomy extremely well. The intimate relationship of the nasal cavity to the cerebral, orbital, paranasal sinus, nasopharyngeal, and oral tissues is noted. Examples of benign and malignant neoplasms, inflammatory processes, including intrinsic and extrinsic mass lesions are utilized to demonstrate the value of CT in assessing the nasal cavity in conjunction with its surrounding tissues. Congenital and traumatic lesions also are demonstrated to the same advantage.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1989

Partitioning model nasal airway resistance into its nasal cavity and velopharyngeal components.

Nasal respiration may be assessed as part of the diagnosis and management of persons with orofacial growth disturbances. It is often evaluated by calculating nasal airway resistance. Traditional methods for measuring nasal airway resistance do not provide information about nasal cavity versus velopharyngeal resistance components. A method that partitions nasal airway resistance into its nasal cavity and velopharyngeal components would provide a localized measurement of airway obstruction useful in evaluating the effects of surgical reconstruction of the velopharynx, enlarged adenoids, adenoidectomy, and nasal cavity obstructions along the nasal airway. A modeling project is presented delineating a method for partitioning nasal airway resistance into its nasal cavity and velopharyngeal components.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of isolation methods for the recovery of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida from the nasal cavities of piglets.

Nasal swabs from 241 piglets from 12 herds with clinical atrophic rhinitis and 283 piglets from 14 herds without clinical atrophic rhinitis were examined for the presence of Bordetella bronchiseptica and/or Pasteurella multocida. For B. bronchiseptica, swabs were streaked on three selective media. Blood agar supplemented with cephalexin was the most satisfactory selective culture medium for the isolation of B. bronchiseptica. For P. multocida, swabs were also streaked on three selective media. Mice were also used for isolation of P. multocida from the nasal cavities of pigs. The mouse inoculation test was not found to be the definitive test for the isolation of P. multocida. A significant number of P. multocida strains were avirulent in the mouse model. The modified Knight medium (without potassium tellurite) was the best single method for isolating P. multocida. However, a combination of mouse passage and direct culture on selective media increased the rate of isolation. There was no marked difference in the prevalence of B. bronchiseptica or P. multocida in swine herds with or without clinical atrophic rhinitis. Both capsular types A and D were present in the nasal cavities of the pigs with or without clinical atrophic rhinitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Changes in nasal cavity volume and target area of exposure to nasal drops with age in rats.

The changes in the nasal cavity volume of rats with age and the area exposed to nasal drops administered into the nasal cavity were investigated. Results indicated that the nasal cavity volume lineally increased as rats grew older. In 7-week-old rats, the exposed area in the case of an administration volume of 25 microliters, based on practice, was naso-, maxillo-, and ethmoid turbinate and this volume was enough to expose the whole area of the nasal cavity including the ethmoid turbinate. On the other hand, in 27-week-old rats, administration volumes of 10 and 25 microliters were not enough to expose the ethmoid turbinate. This indicated that the exposed area tended to become narrower in 27-week-old rats than in 7-week-old rats, but the exposed area in the case of an administration volume of 50 microliters was naso-, maxillo-, and ethmoid turbinate in 27-week-old rats. In this case, the volume was enough to spread to the ethmoid turbinate. Differences in the exposed area might be caused by differences in the volume of the nasal cavity. It was also indicated that the main exposed area was the inferior meatus in the 30 min immediately after administration. At all administration volumes, however, notice should be taken of the outflow of nasal drops into the oral cavity through the nasopalatine.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1986

Paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity cancer: different radiotherapeutic options, results and late damages.

From 1970 to 1983, 69 patients, affected by malignant epithelial tumors of paranasal cavities and nasal fossae, were treated with radiotherapy at the Radiology Institute of the University and Radiotherapy Hospital Department of Florence. Primary carcinoma of the maxillary sinus occurred in 44 patients, of the nasal cavity in 20, and of the other sinuses in 5. Most of the patients had locally advanced lesions (63 T3-4: 91.5%) according to the adopted TNM system (Lederman-Gadeberg, Sisson-Jesse). Crude survival data showed 35% and 13% of NED patients at 2 and 5 years, respectively. Local progression was the most important cause of death; patients relapsed within 2 years. The actuarial 5-year survival, corrected for causes of death other than disease, was 32% for the overall series, 32% for maxillary sinus, and 41% for the nasal cavity. There was no difference in survival in patients treated with conventional fractionation (CF) vs. multiple daily fractionation (MDF) -30% vs. 33% at 5 years. The late damages of the radiation therapy in 22 patients without local disease, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years, is also analyzed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Exudation into the nasal cavity of carbon particles injected into nasal polyps.

A colloidal carbon solution was prepared by dissolving 50 mg of ultra fine carbon particles (diameter: 21-50 nm) and polyvinylpyrrolidone-- for stabilizing the dispersion--in 1 ml physiological saline, and injected into the nasal polyps of allergic patients. Two hours after injection, the nasal polyps were removed and examined by transmission electron microscopy. Notably, carbon particles could not pass through the epithelial basement membrane and were therefore not observed between the epithelial cells, where no inflammatory cells infiltrated the epithelial layer. However, they passed through the fissure in the basement membrane, which was formed by the penetration of inflammatory cells (eosinophils) into the epithelial layer. Many carbon particles were observed in the interstitial space of the epithelial layer, where a large number of inflammatory cells accumulated. Furthermore, they passed into the nasal cavity along with the interstitial mucous fluid through the opened epithelial junction. A wide pathway from the submucosa to the nasal cavity, through which large-sized particles can pass, was demonstrated in the polyp's mucosa. Moreover, as carbon particles exhibit no chemotaxis, they must move according to the interstitial fluid flow, which suggests that the interstitial fluid flows outwardly from the mucosa during allergy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of feline nasal cavity dimensions measured by acoustic rhinometry and nasal casts.

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between feline nasal cavity geometry determined in vivo by acoustic rhinometry (AR(in vivo)) and by nasal cavity casts. Cast cross-sectional areas were measured by acoustic rhinometry (AR(cast)), a fluid-displacement method (FDM), and slicing. A volume comparison between AR(in vivo) and AR(cast) was studied in cats with varying degrees of nasal obstruction after application of phenylpropanolamine, saline, or compound 48/80. METHOD: After measurements of AR(in vivo), impression material was injected into the nasal cavity to produce casts. Subsequently, the cross-sectional areas of the nasal impressions were measured by AR(cast) and FDM using ethanol. All casts were weighed to determine exact volume. Six casts also were sliced into segments of equal thickness for determination of cross-sectional area. RESULTS: Cast volume determined by AR(cast) was consistent with results obtained using FDM and weight. Volumes of the first 3 cm determined by AR(in vivo) ranged between 78 +/- 9% of cast volumes determined by AR(cast) for decongested cavities and 16 +/- 15% for congested cavities. CONCLUSION: AR(in vivo) does not reflect cast geometry, probably because of (1) underestimation by AR because of methodological problems caused by the cavity geometry, (2) deformation of compliant structures within the nasal passageways resulting from the casting procedure, and/or (3) the casting material reaches parts of the nasal cavity not accessible to sound, e.g., sinuses or recesses. Nevertheless, this study does not preclude the use of AR as a sensitive method suited to evaluate relative changes in nasal volume caused by experimental challenges of the nasal mucosa. Compared with AR(in vivo), casts still may be of use but it is less sensitive to measure relative changes after experimental challenge.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Molecular pathologic study of human papillomavirus infection in inverted papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses].

Nasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a rare benign tumor that involves the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Postoperative recurrences of this tumor have been observed frequently, and an association with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been described occasionally. The etiology of IP remains unknown, but some studies have suggested a possible causative role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in IP. To determine the etiological role of HPV in IP and SCC associated with IP, to clarify the relationship between HPV and malignant transformation of IP, and to study the possibility of HPV implication in SCC of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses, retrospective analysis of HPV infection was performed in the surgically resected specimens of inverted papilloma (n = 26, in which 7 patients had SCC) and SCC (n = 40) of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. Pathologically, koilocytosis, which is known to be closely related to HPV infection, and epithelial atypia were investigated. To detect the HPV protein antigen or nucleic acids, immunohistochemical method and molecular pathologic techniques, or in situ hybridization (ISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of DNA extracted from paraffin embedded tissues were used. By ISH we detected HPV 11 DNA in three cases (12%) of IP and HPV 16 DNA in one case (4%) of IP with SCC. By PCR HPV16 was detected in 2 of 7 cases in which IP was associated with SCC. However, no protein antigen was detected in any cases of IP by immunostaining, and viral mRNA was not detected by the study of ISH after DNase digestion. Pathologically, there was a closed relationship between HPV infection and koilocytosis, and severe epithelial atypia was frequently seen in the cases of IP coexisted with SCC. But there was no clear relationship between HPV infection and recurrence of IP. In SCC, HPV 16 and HPV 18 were detected by PCR in 4 cases (10%) and in one case (2.5%), respectively. Thus, it was suggested that HPVs were involved in the development of IP in some cases (19%, 5/26), but the state of infection is somewhat different from other papillomatous lesions, such as genital condylomas or laryngeal papillomas. HPV 16 and HPV 18 were found to be related to the malignant transformation of IP and to the pathogenesis of SCC originated in the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses.

Adult↗