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This article describes the actual user requirements of the Health Care sector in connection with Telematics. The importance of standardisation is stressed. The paper further gives an overview of the current standing of the activities of CEN TC 251 (European Standardisation Committee, Technical Committee on Health Care Informatics).
Clinical Neurophysiology is rapidly moving towards complete dependence on digital instrumentation and computer-based systems. ASTM E 1467-92 "Standard Specification for Transferring Digital Neurophysiological Data Between Independent Computer Systems" was developed to allow exchange of multichannel electrophysiological waveforms, embedded textual annotations, results of mathematical processing, and clinical interpretive reports between various instruments and systems. This will permit integration of the neurophysiology laboratory interaction with hospital and clinic informations systems, and sharing of data between institutions for clinical or research purposes.
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Development and introduction into wide practice of various mathematical methods (systemic, regression, and factor analyses, etc.) and modern computation devices (personal computers, local computer network, etc.) is shown. These devices extended the potentialities of differential diagnosis and pathogenetic (including laser) therapy of the major oral diseases (dental carries, pulpitis, periodontitis, periodontal diseases and buccal mucosa, odontogenic inflammations, tumors, etc.).
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This paper describes an Awareness Programme delivered throughout Ireland which aims to increase the level of understanding of healthcare professionals as to the benefits of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and of emerging trends in Health Informatics in Europe. The programme examines the use of ICT across the whole health sector--primary, secondary and tertiary. It has been delivered at over 30 centres to more than 1500 health professionals.
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Data mining is a technique for discovering useful information from large databases. This technique is currently being profitably used by a number of industries. A common approach for information discovery is to identify association rules which reveal relationships among different items. In this paper, we use this approach to analyse a large database containing medical-record data. Our aim is to obtain association rules indicating relationships between procedures performed on a patient and the reported diagnoses. Random sampling was used to obtain these association rules. After reviewing the basic concepts associated with data mining, we discuss our approach for identifying association rules and report on the rules generated.
Person identification based on spectral information extracted from the EEG is addressed in this work a problem that has not yet been seen in a signal processing framework. Spectral features are extracted non-parametrically from real EEG data recorded from healthy individuals. Neural network classification is applied on these features using a Learning Vector Quantizer in an attempt to experimentally investigate the connection between a person's EEG and genetically specific information. The proposed method, compared with previously proposed methods, has yielded encouraging correct classification scores in the range of 80% to 100% (case-dependent). These results are in agreement with previous research showing evidence that the EEG carries genetic information.
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Evidence of physicians' use of information technology (IT) to support patient care has been sketchy and anecdotal to date. However, new findings from the Center for Studying Health System Change (HSC) show wide variation in information technology adoption across physician practices, particularly by physician practice size. In 2001, nearly 60 percent of physicians in traditional practice settings--primarily solo or relatively small group practices where the vast majority of Americans receive care--reported that their practice used information technology in no more than one of the five following clinical functions: obtaining treatment guidelines, exchanging clinical data with other physicians, accessing patient notes, generating treatment reminders for the physician's use and writing prescriptions. Highest levels of IT support for patient care were found in staff- and group-model health maintenance organization (HMO) practices, followed by medical school faculty practices and large group practices. Overall rates of information technology adoption may have increased since 2001, but the variation in IT adoption by practice setting is unlikely to have changed
An interdisciplinary field, namely the differential diagnosis of balance disorders and vertigo, is used to describe how a medical expert system can be developed using modern computer analysis, medical expertise, and human pattern recognition techniques. The advantages, results, and unresolved issues of close cooperation between biomedical engineers and physicians are described. The aim of this cooperation was to ensure that complicated data were presented in simple graphic form and that large amounts of diagnostic data were optimally linked together for the generation of a recommended diagnosis. Similar techniques may usefully be employed in other areas of medicine.
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