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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[The main objectives in using informatics in medicine].

The costly application of informatics in practical medicine should be associated with unequivocal clear motivation. Three important problems are presented whose solution is possible only by computer use: integration of health information on each citizen in the country with recording of this information in a modern carried which is possessed by each patient, wide availability of modern medical computerized medical documentation for research and statistical analysis, and computer-assisted rational economics of health care services.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1990

[Medical informatics systems exemplified by the diagnosis of equilibrium disorders].

An interdisciplinary field, namely the differential diagnosis of balance disorders and vertigo, is used to describe how a medical expert system can be developed using modern computer analysis, medical expertise, and human pattern recognition techniques. The advantages, results, and unresolved issues of close cooperation between biomedical engineers and physicians are described. The aim of this cooperation was to ensure that complicated data were presented in simple graphic form and that large amounts of diagnostic data were optimally linked together for the generation of a recommended diagnosis. Similar techniques may usefully be employed in other areas of medicine.

Caloric Tests↗
PubMed1992

The organization engine: virtual data integration.

The Organization Engine is an early example of Virtual Data Integration--providing the appearance of integration at the desktop without modifying existing infrastructure. Starting with the Organization Engine, eight programming days were needed to provide uniform desktop access to a CODASYL-compliant hospital information system and to a MUMPS-based radiology information system (the technique is equally effective for relational and other data bases). The resulting tool provides a seamless integration of these two systems, image storage, pre-recorded audio, and document storage. In addition to providing uniform access, the tool allows healthcare providers to organize the data to suit their individual needs. The ease of this integration lies in two simple techniques: the transformation of data from all sources into a single, homogeneous representation, and the use of simple customization files to describe new object types and formats. The approach is sufficiently general to allow the integration of applications which present external interfaces of radically different forms. Two such forms are discussed here: data map publication and transactions.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1991

A multicenter study of data collection and communication at primary health care centers.

Health care delivery is information intensive. As computer applications make information available to the decision maker with speed and accuracy, informatics applications will strengthen the infrastructure. This paper is the second part of a multicenter systems analysis study to design a common application software to support primary health care focused on information flow. We present the questionnaire analysis and observations from a field study of a district health site. Analyses using contingency tables revealed differences, some statistically significant. The field study confirmed that minor differences exist even within a district health site. Development of a common application software on the basis of information flow studies is feasible. However, to make optimum use of computer implementation, revision of the health information systems was recommended. It was suggested that application software be developed with the core data set required by the care providers to deliver and administrators to manage a vertical health program.

Communication↗
PubMed1989

On medical informatics.

This paper summarizes the author's point of view of defining medical informatics, to stimulate further discussions on how this "newly emerging discipline" should further proceed. We realize that the term "informatics" is related rather to the term "information science" than to "computer science". Accordingly, medical informatics deals with the systematic processing of information in medicine. Many information systems in medicine are interrelated and can hardly be regarded as independent systems. As a result, medicine becomes gradually more an "empirical science of extreme complexity". Because of its complexity and wide range of applications, medical informatics should be considered as a separate discipline, its aim being to contribute to the systematic processing of information in medicine. The contribution of medical informatics should be a better understanding of the human being and means for the provision of high quality patient care.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1991

[Proposal for the teaching and application of informatics at medical schools].

Informatics is the discipline that process efficiently all the necessary data to obtain information. The data acquisition, processing and interpretation is realized through traditional as well as automated means. Medical Informatics is the union of all methods of informatics in medicine including the preparation of medical data required for the application of these methods. Due to the need to keep up with the increasing amount of data that modern medicine is receiving and efficiently process it to obtain meaningful information, we propose the creation of a department of Medical Informatics in our Medical School to: 1) Teach the basic principles of medical informatics to undergraduate and graduate students, including lectures in: Information technics, medical terminology, medical linguistics, international classification of diseases, Hospital informations Systems, practical application of computing in medicine as Oncocyn, Mycin, etc., as well as external data bases. 2) Help the health sciences personnel to obtain and transfer medical information through the National and International Electronic Networks of Medical Information.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1989

Multimedia document architecture for medical applications.

Document architecture is a fundamental element in the design architecture of picture archiving communication systems (PACS). This article gives an overview of a multimedia document architecture in terms of logical and layout structures and describes a method for organizing and modeling multimedia diagnostic reports. The proposed document model is based on the office document architecture (ODA) ISO standard with additional enhancements to satisfy the functionality required of future interworking PACS.

Documentation↗
PubMed1990

Computer applications in orthopaedics.

With the rapid developments in microprocessors, the widespread availability of computers has brought about broad applications in the field of orthopaedics. The present technology enables large quantities of data to be logically processed in a very short span of time. This has led to the development of information management database systems where relevant medical information may be retrieved very quickly and effectively. The analytical power of the computer has also been utilised in expert systems to assist in clinical-decision making process. Computer graphics have revolutionised the visualisation of physical features of internal and external body parts, providing new and improved modalities of diagnosis. In some centres, surgical planning and rehearsals are already being carried out at the computer terminal with the use of animation and computer graphics. Computer technology has also played an active role in the field of prosthetics and rehabilitation. Intelligent robotic systems and microprocessor with functional neuromuscular stimulation have been applied to benefit, and in some cases restore some motor functions to the physically disabled. With more collaboration between engineers, scientists and the medical community, several prototypes of computer-controlled prostheses and prosthesis designed and manufactured by Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology are available today to assist the amputees in their daily living and ambulatory activities.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1990

Software for logging of surgical cases.

A compiled database program is described to log surgical cases for otolaryngologists. It provides a time-efficient mechanism to manage a large database and also generates reports in two formats. In the first format, patient demographics, surgeons, and procedures are printed. In the second format, numerical tallies of performed procedures are listed.

Medical Informatics Applications↗
PubMed1992

[The computerization of the clinical history in an internal medicine service].

BACKGROUND: The following objectives were studied in the implementation of computerization in the registration of clinical histories: gather all the information obtainable from the patient, be able to up-date the information once introduced, use of the information by health care personnel, automatic carrying out of all routine reports, elaboration of hospital indexes, follow the conventional model of clinical history as much as possible and reasonable price. METHODS: The study was carried out in a 40-bed department of internal medicine in a county hospital. A mixed system of partial coding was used combined with free texts, the latter being with no limit of space. The clinical histories were structured in 9 groups which covered from personal data to complementary explorations. A personal computer compatible "AT" was employed. The program was designed and analyzed by internal medicine doctors using CLIPPER and language "C". RESULTS: The thousand one hundred histories were opened with the space occupied in the disc being of 7 Megabytes. Following the premise of: "write all data only once", the obtaining of all type of documents, indexes and listed was automatized facilitating the knowledge of the working of the department directly. Adaptation by medical personnel was good. CONCLUSIONS: The model presented achieved the previously mentioned aims of information gathering and up-dating, use of the information by hospital personnel, automatization of routine reports and indexes, the following of conventional models and economic feasibility. Computerization should not be imposed, must not represent more work and advantages should be obtained by its use.

Forms and Records Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medical informatics and clinical decision making: the science and the pragmatics.

There are important scientific and pragmatic synergies between the medical decision making field and the emerging discipline of medical informatics. In the 1970s, the field of medicine forced clinically oriented artificial intelligence (AI) researchers to develop ways to manage explicit statements of uncertainty in expert systems. Classic probability theory was considered and discussed, but it tended to be abandoned because of complexities that limited its use. In medical AI systems, uncertainty was handled by a variety of ad hoc models that simulated probabilistic considerations. To illustrate the scientific interactions between the fields, the author describes recent work in his laboratory that has attempted to show that formal normative models based on probability and decision theory can be practically melded with AI methods to deliver effective advisory tools. In addition, the practical needs of decision makers and health policy planners are increasingly necessitating collaborative efforts to develop a computing and communications infrastructure for the decision making and informatics communities. This point is illustrated with an example drawn from outcomes management research.

Artificial Intelligence↗