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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Daily access to pasture turnout prevents loss of mineral in the third metacarpus of Arabian weanlings.

Seventeen Arabian weanlings were used to determine the influence of housing on third metacarpal bone mass. Animals were separated into three treatment groups: Pasture (n = 6), Stall (n = 5), and Partial-Pasture (n = 6). Radiographs of the left third metacarpus were taken every 28 d to determine radiographic bone aluminum equivalence (RBAE). Serum was collected every 14 d and analyzed for osteocalcin, carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), and keratan sulfate. Hip and wither height, BW, and cannon circumference were measured every 28 d. Lateral RBAE in the pastured group increased linearly from d 0 to d 56 (P = 0.001). In the Pasture group, total RBAE increased from d 0 to 56 (P = 0.05) and medial RBAE tended to increase from d 0 to d 28 (P = 0.06). The Partial Pasture group increased from d 0 to 56 in medial (P = 0.02) and tended to increase in total RBAE (P = 0.08). Although the Stall group demonstrated an increase in total RBAE from d 0 to 56 (P = 0.04), the Partial Pasture group tended to have greater total RBAE than the Stall group at d 28 (P = 0.08), and the Pasture group had greater lateral RBAE at d 28 (P = 0.005) and 56 (P = 0.007) than did the Stall group. At d 28, medial RBAE was greater in the Pasture (P = 0.003) and Partial Pasture (P = 0.05) groups than in the Stall group. Pasture and Stall groups tended to decrease in osteocalcin (P = 0.06), whereas Partial Pasture weanlings decreased (P = 0.01) from d 0 to 56. All treatment groups decreased from d 0 to 56 in ICTP (P < 0.01). Pastured weanlings decreased from d 0 to 42 in serum keratin sulfate (P < 0.05), whereas the Stall group decreased from d 0 to 56 (P = 0.05). All treatment groups increased in wither height (P < or = 0.01), hip height (P < or = 0.001), and BW (P < or = 0.01). Both the Pasture and Partial Pasture weanlings demonstrated greater cannon circumference than Stall weanlings on d 28 (P < or = 0.05) and 56 (P < or = 0.005). These data demonstrate that pasture rearing or 12-h daily turnout is beneficial to maintaining and increasing bone mineral content in weanling Arabian horses.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1990

[Morphology of the immature radius and metacarpus in horses and the relationship to bone infection and osteochondrosis].

In chondro-osseous disease in the foal there are three main categories of lesions: (i) synovitis alone (type S), (ii) synovitis accompanied by osteomyelitis originating in the epiphysis of the juxta-articular bone (type E) and (iii) synovitis accompanied by osteomyelitis originating directly adjacent to the physis of the juxta-articular bone (type P). Observations made in studies of the immature radius and metacarpus provide an explanation for the apparent predisposition of some joints for this disease. Relevant clinical and therapeutical aspects are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Therapeutic possibilities malformations of the metacarpus].

The most common deformities of the metacarpus occur in conjunction with poly- and oligodactyly. The authors first refer to the most important operations in treating these deformities and emphasize that in certain cases solitary resection of surplus fingers is not enough: in addition, outgrown articular process must be removed, bent metacarpals osteotomised and capsular defects closed. The treatment of oligodactylic hands is made difficult by cutaneous and osseous syndactyly. The operating surgeon should have sufficient experience in plastic surgery to be able to take care of severe adduction contractures of the thumb with constriction of thumb commissure. For aplasia and hypoplasia in the thumb ray the already proven index finger pollizisation is thetherapy of choice. Triphalangeal thumbs are operated according to the same principles. On the other hand in brachyphalangeal thumbs commissure increase and correction of the clinodactylia are of prime importance. Phalangisation is very rewarding in certain forms of synbrachydactyly. In some deformities only the thumb is present. In these cases we recommend an opposition post built out of a tubed flap and autogenous bone graft. Some examples of defective hands surgically treated are shown.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1982

Functional adaptation of bone in response to sinusoidally varying controlled compressive loading of the ovine metacarpus.

To obtain carried load, quantitative data relating functional adaptation of bone to controlled, sinusoidally-varying, compressive loading of constant amplitude was applied to the right metacarpal bones via Steinmann's pins inserted through the metaphyses in 13 sheep. Loading was applied for two 1-hr periods/day at 24 cycle/minute, through-out a test period of 28 days. The amplitude of the applied loading was varied from test to test, giving peak stresses on the mid-diaphyseal cross-section that ranged from 2.2-8.3 N/mm2. In the mid-diaphyseal region, the bone responded by periosteal apposition, with maximum proliferation usually occurring on the medio- and laterovolar borders and relatively little new bone on the dorsal and volar aspects. The cross-sectional areas of new bone was roughly proportional to the applied stress, with a maximum increase of approximately 8% in the most highly stressed bones. There was also evidence that periosteal resorption had occurred, presumably as the first step in the apposition process. A significantly increased level of intracortical activity was found in the right metacarpus as compared with the contralateral bone.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1977

Telemetric measurements of strain in the metacarpus of the horse: a pilot study.

The advances made by the use of a telemetric system in the study of bone strain in a free-moving horse are reported. A rosette strain gauge was bonded to the craniomedial aspect of the metacarpus of the horse. Attachment of a miniature FM transmitter to lead wires facilitated telemetric transmission of of resistance changes which corresponded to limb movement. During 3 different gaits, the trace pattern remained similar, although frequency and amplitude varied. The tracings were similar to those reported in other species in which nontelemetric transmission was used.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Reconstruction of thumb through continuous lengthening of the first metacarpus.].

GOAL OF SURGERY: Reconstruction of the amputated thumb through continuous distraction with an Ilizarov ring fixator. INDICATIONS: Traumatic loss of thumb at the level of the proximal half of the proximal phalanx. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Insufficient soft tissue coverage of stump. Stiff saddle joint. POSITIONING AND ANAESTHESIA: Tourniquet. Brachial plexus or general anaesthesia. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Installation of a ring fixator. Incomplete osteotomy at mid shaft of first metacarpus with chisel and completion through osteoclasia by twisting the chisel. Preserve palmar periosteum. Deepening of first web space if necessary after removal of external fixator. Use of Z-plasty and proximal transfer of adductor pollicis insertion. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: After 1 week continuous lengthening 0.7 mm/day in 3 daily increments. After removal of fixator plaster cast for 2 weeks. POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS: Improper installation of fixator. Incomplete osteotomy. Too rapid or too slow distraction. Pin tract infection. Deep infection. RESULTS: Over a 2 year period 10 lengthenings. Average follow-up 23 months (10 to 36 months). Average gain in length 38.1 mm. Average length of treatment 163 days. Deepening of web space in 7 patients. Force of grasp 64% of opposite side. Pin tract infection: 4, too early removal of fixator: 1, revision of scar: 1 and correction of stump: 1. All patients were satisfied with the result but for scar at web space.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1996

Management of malunion of metacarpus III/IV in two calves.

This report describes the case histories of two calves with non-functional malunion of the metacarpus (MC) III/IV. In both cases, severe valgus deviation occurred after closed reduction and external coaptation of a shaft fracture of MC III/IV. The malunion was corrected by closing wedge osteotomy and internal fixation. Long-term follow up of both cases revealed complete healing in good alignment without any signs of impairment of gain.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Fatigue behavior of the equine third metacarpus: mechanical property analysis.

This is the first in a series of experiments to study the fatigue properties of equine cannon (third metacarpal) bone specimens from Thoroughbred racehorses. Monotonic and fatigue tests to failure were performed in four-point bending on diaphyseal specimens in a 37 degrees C saline bath to answer three initial questions. (a) Will a linear variable differential transducer yield the same elastic modulus as strain gauges? (b) Will fatigue results depend on whether the periosteal or endosteal side of the beam is in tension? (c) Are there regional variations in the monotonic and fatigue properties of the cannon bone midshaft? Eighteen left-right pairs of specimens from six horses were used. One beam of each pair was fitted with strain gauges. Fatigue tests were conducted on 24 specimens under load control at 2 Hz; an initial range of 0-10,000 microstrain was used so as to produce failure in a reasonable period of time. There were no left-right differences in the fatigue or monotonic properties, and the presence of a gauge had no effect on modulus measured by a linear variable differential transducer. However, gauge-measured moduli were about 1 GPa less than transducer-measured values. Fatigue life was independent of which side of the beam was in tension, and there were significant variations in mechanical properties around the cortex. The lateral region was stiffer than the dorsal region but the latter had a longer fatigue life. The fixed cylindrical supports used in this experiment eventually produced slight wear grooves, causing artifactual stiffening at the end of the load cycle in some specimens. A second experiment using roller supports confirmed the reason for this stiffening. It also showed that fatigue life was shorter when roller supports were used but regional differences were similar.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

In vitro fatigue behavior of the equine third metacarpus: remodeling and microcrack damage analysis.

We studied remodeling and microcrack damage in specimens of Thoroughbred racehorse third metacarpal bone that had been subjected to monotonic or fatigue failure. We asked three questions. What effects does mechanical loading have on histologically observable microcrack damage? Are there regional variations in remodeling of the equine cannon bone, and do these variations correlate with mechanical properties? To what extent are remodeling and microcrack damage age-dependent? Machined beams from the medial, lateral, and dorsal cortices were loaded to fracture in four-point bending monotonically, or cyclically at a load initially producing 10,000 microstrain. Specimens were then bulk-stained in basic fuchsin, and cross sections were prepared from loaded and load-free regions of each beam. Current and past remodeling, porosity, and microcrack density and length were determined histomorphometrically. Strained and unstained microcracks were observed. Unstained cracks were associated with regions of woven bone and appeared to be damaged Sharpey's fibers. Their density (approximately 30/mm2) did not increase after failure, but their length (approximately 25 microns) did, especially near the surfaces of the beam. Stained cracks were wider and longer than unstained cracks and were located primarily near the fracture surface and on the compressed side of the beam. Stained cracks after failure were more numerous in those beams having a higher elastic modulus, a shorter fatigue life, or greater deformation at failure. The extent of past remodeling increased with age, especially in the medial region; the rate of current remodeling generally declined with age, but not in the dorsal region, which has the best fatigue resistance. In summary, while remodeling varied with age and region, its effects on bone structure did not appear to influence microdamage. Basic fuchsin staining of damage in fractured equine bone was independent of age and region and confined to near the fracture surfaces. Distributed microdamage consisted only of what appeared to be subtle disruptions of Sharpey's fibers.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1996

Osteonal structure in the equine third metacarpus.

In studying the flexural fatigue properties of the equine third metacarpal (cannon) bone, we previously found that the dorsal region was weaker monotonically, but more fatigue resistant, than the lateral region. Fatigue resistance was associated with fracture surfaces which demonstrated that secondary osteons had "pulled out" of the surrounding matrix; this never happened in lateral specimens. We therefore became interested in the osteonal structure of this bone, and began to study its birefringence patterns in circularly polarized light. We found that the predominant type of secondary osteon was one in which only the outermost few lamellae were circumferential, with the inner lamellae being longitudinally oriented. This "hoop" pattern had not been described in Ascenzi's classic papers. Using basic fuchsin-stained, undecalcified cross-sections from the dorsal, medial, and lateral midshaft regions of 12 pairs of cannon bones, we classified 360 secondary osteons according to their birefringence patterns, and measured their inner and outer diameters. We found that variants of the hoop category comprised 60% of all osteons, but were significantly less common in the dorsal region, where the predominant types were Ascenzi's "longitudinal" or "alternating" patterns. The dorsal region also had smaller osteons (OD = 156 +/- 19 microns) than the medial (179 +/- 13 microns, p = 0.0004) and lateral (182 +/- 13 microns, p = 0.0001) regions. We postulate that these regional variations in osteonal size and structure, which are obviously produced by regional variations in remodeling, have important mechanical implications.

Analysis of Variance↗