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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Antero-posterior location of the mental foramen in Nigerians.

The location of the mental foramen in the horizontal plane was studied in 604 oblique lateral radiographs of the mandible. The foramen was related to the apex of the second premolar root in 55.63 percent of the radiographs, while 26.99 percent occurred in the interdental space between the first and second premolars. Location between the roots of the second premolar and first molar was observed in 12.25 percent while relationship to the roots of the first molar was found in 3.30 percent. Location around the apex of the first premolar accounted for 1.66 percent. Only one foramen (0.17 percent) was found mesial to the first premolar. The radiographs of the right and left sides were available for 277 patients. The location of the mental foramen was asymmetrical in 12.3 percent of these patients, the right foramen being more frequently located posteriorly than the left foramen. The prevalence of asymmetrical location of the foramen was more frequent in females in whom it occurred in 53 percent.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1998

Radiographic study of the mental foramen in a selected Saudi population.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the most common position of the mental foramen in a selected Saudi population and to compare the results with those reported for other populations. METHODS: Four hundred and fourteen panoramic radiographs of a Saudi population from four different dental centres were studied. RESULTS: The commonest position of the mental foramen was in line with the longitudinal axis of the second premolar (45.3%) followed closely by location between the first and second premolars (42.7%). The mental foramen was symmetrical in 80% of patients. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should expect to find the position of the mental foramen to be symmetrical and in line with the second premolar teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Panoramic radiographic study of mental foramen locations in Saudi Arabians.

A panoramic radiographic study was carried out on 404 dentate Saudi Arabians, to locate positions of the mental foramen. Results show that 83.7% of the mental foramen locations occurred in the interdental space between the mandibular premolars and apical to the mandibular second premolar. 9.35% occurred posterior to the mandibular second premolar, and 6.95% occurred apical/anterior to the mandibular first premolar. In female Saudis, the most common location of the mental foramen was apical to the mandibular second premolar (45.9%), while the most common location in male Saudis was the interdental space between the mandibular premolars (45.5%). Asymmetry of the mental foramen location, which was observed in 15.6% of the cases, was observed more often in males (17.9%) than in females (12.3%).

Arabs↗
PubMed1998

Position of the mental foramen in adult black Zimbabwean mandibles: a clinical anatomical study.

OBJECTIVE: To provide some anatomical information on the shape, size, and position of the mental foramen among Black Zimbabweans that could be used as reference material by dental and other health practitioners during clinical practice in Zimbabwe. DESIGN: Cross sectional anatomical study. SETTING: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: 32 mandibles derived from adult Black Zimbabweans. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The shape of the mental foramen, its relation to the lower teeth and its position in relation to the mandibular symphysis, the posterior border of the ramus of the mandible, the lower border of the mandible, and the alveolar margin. RESULTS: The shape of the mental foramen was round in 14 out of 32 mandibles (43.8%) and was oval in the remaining 18 (56.3%). The percentage of occurrence of the mental foramen was highest below the lower second premolar tooth on the right side (position 4) and posterior to it on the left side (position 5). In the vertical plane, the mental foramen lay slightly below the midpoint of the distance between the lower border of the mandible and the alveolar margin (44.1% and 45.5% for the right and left sides respectively). In the horizontal plane, it lay approximately one quarter (27.3% for the right and 27.4% for the left sides) of the distance from the mandibular symphysis to the posterior border of the ramus of the mandible. CONCLUSION: The percentage distribution of the mental foremen in relation to the lower teeth in the adult Black Zimbabwean mandible was at variance with that of other population groups. However, the quantitative position of the mental foremen was bilaterally symmetrical in the adult Black Zimbabwean mandible. The latter observation is of clinical significance to dental and other health practitioners in Zimbabwe with regards to the achievement of effective mental nerve block anaesthesia and the prevention of damage to the mental nerve during surgical procedures on the lower jaw.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The position of the mental foramen in Asian Indians.

The modal or most common position of the mental foramen in the human mandible with respect to teeth appears to be below the second premolar regardless of race or age. The position of this structure was investigated in a sample of Asian Indians of unknown age or sex. In this study, 75.36% of 138 mandibular sides exhibited the position of the mental foramen to be located directly below the second premolar. In addition, 6.62% of the mandibles possessed accessory mental foramina. The results of this study do not support those reported in some commonly used textbooks on anatomy, anesthesia, and anthropology concerning the position of the mental foramen in the human mandible.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1992

Anatomical study of the accessory mental foramen and the distribution of its nerve.

We examined the range of the accessory mental foramen [AMF] and its accessory mental nerve in three Japanese cadavers. The diameters of the AMF were relatively small: 0.74 mm, 0.80 mm and 0.89 mm. The distances between the mental foramen and AMF were: 0.67 mm, 2.1 mm and 5.74 mm. The distribution of the accessory mental nerve was different in the three cases. These nerves communicated with the branches of the facial and buccal nerves.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Diagnostic agreement of conventional and inverted scanned panoramic radiographs in the detection of the mandibular canal and the mental foramen.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic agreement of conventional panoramic radiographs and their inverted scanned images in the detection of the mandibular canal and mental foramen. A total of 77 panoramic radiographs obtained from the files of totally edentulous patients were used. Digitization was done by means of a scanner with brightness and contrast adjustment, as well as image inversion. The extension of mandibular canal was divided into anterior, middle, and posterior regions, and the presence of a radiopaque line that characterized the mandibular canal was classified according to a 5-point confidence scale. The mental foramen was classified in 4 types: continuous, separated, diffuse, and unidentified. Both conventional and inverted scanned panoramic radiographs were evaluated by 3 calibrated implantologists at 2 distinct moments with a minimum interval of 10 days between them. Intraexaminer agreement was evaluated by Kappa statistics by point and by 95% confidence interval. Because the intraexaminer level of agreement was low, interexaminer agreements could not be carried out. The results showed a substantial (in 2 situations), moderate (in 16 situations), and fair (in 18 situations) intraexaminer agreement for mandibular canal and a substantial (in 1 situation), fair (in 1 situation), and moderate (in 10 situations) intraeaminer agreement for mental foramen. There were no statistically significant differences in most instances. In conclusion, the diagnostic agreement of conventional and inverted scanned panoramic radiographs for detection of mandibular canal and mental foramen was low.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2004

Radiographic and anatomic locations of mental foramen in northern Nigerian adults.

This study was undertaken to provide information on the most probable positions of the mental foramen among northern Nigerian adults. 157 panoramic radiographs randomly selected from patient's records at the Department of Dental Surgery, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital and 32 unsexed mandibles from the collection of bones in the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, were examined for the location of the mental foramen. The most common location was the interdental space between the first and second mandibular premolars (radiographs=34% , dry mandibles=32.8% ), closely followed by the position apical to the second premolars (radiographs=25.5% , dry mandibles=35.9% ). No significant difference in the distribution between males and females and the quantitative position was found to be bilaterally symmetrical in most cases. There is almost an equal chance of locating the mental foramen between the mandibular premolars and apical to the mandibular second premolar. This is of clinical importance with regards to the achievement of effective mental nerve block anaesthesia and the prevention of injury to the mental nerve during surgical procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Pre-mental foramen mandibulotomy for resecting tumors of tongue base and parapharyngeal space.

BACKGROUND: Resection of tumors arising from the tongue base and the parapharyngeal space is difficult for exposure and manipulation because of their obscure location. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical approach of the pre-mental foramen mandibulotomy for resecting the tumors of tongue base and parapharyngeal space. METHODS: Fifty-one patients with tumors of tongue base and parapharyngeal space were treated using the mandibulotomy approach on the pre-mental foramen. In the present study, this technique was described in detail. The patients were followed up for three months to six years with a mean of 26 months. RESULTS: The tumors of tongue base and parapharyngeal space could be exposed clearly and be resected radically by surgical approach of pre-mental foramen mandibulotomy. The surgical complications were reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to other surgical approaches, such as lateral mandibulotomy, midline mandibulotomy, the suprahyoid parapharyngeal approach, and paramedian mandibulotomy, we found that the pre-mental foramen mandibulotomy is the ideal choice for resecting the tumors of tongue base and parapharyngeal space.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The localization and anthropometry of mental foramen on late Byzantine mandibles.

Comprehensive studies of the human skeletal features and variations between and within populations are beneficial both for clinical applications and determination of racial characteristics of populations. The aim of this study was to examine the location and anthropometric characteristics of the mental foramen in 36 adult male mandibles of the Late Byzantine period. The results demonstrated that the most common position of the mental foramen was in line with the longitudinal axis of the second premolar (50% right side; 47% left side) followed by a location between the first and second premolars (33% right side; 36% left side). When compared with the results of previous similar studies, the results obtained in the present study suggest that traits such as the localization of mental foramen may not only differ between populations of different geographic environment but also within the inhabitants of the same geography.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Perioperative validation of localisation of the mental foramen.

AIM: To assess the accuracy of panoramic radiography and spiral or computed tomography for the localisation of the mental foramen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The distance from the alveolar crest to the mental foramen was measured from panoramic radiographs, spiral tomograms and CT scans. The same distance was measured during implant surgery using a specially designed caliper. RESULTS: Panoramic radiography showed more deviation (+0.6 mm) from the perioperative measurements than either spiral or computed tomography (+0.4 and -0.3 mm respectively). The difference was significant (P<0.05). In general, distances were overestimated on the panoramic radiographs. CONCLUSIONS: Cross-sectional imaging techniques are recommended for the pre-operative planning of implants in the posterior mandible.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Tooth wear and the position of the mental foramen.

Variation in the position of the mental foramen with respect to the teeth ("apparent" position) seems to be associated with race, but in the determination of this position, factors which affect the disposition of the teeth plainly have a bearing on the results. The apparent position was investigated in a sample of southern Chinese skulls of known age which were classified by the degree of tooth wear. Controlling for "true" position and size of the mandible, a highly significant correlation between wear and position was found, age and tooth size having no significant contribution as additional explanatory variables. The effect of tooth wear on the apparent position of the foramen may partly explain racial variation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The mental foramen: 3. Size and position on panoramic radiographs.

Panoramic radiographs were made of 75 dry, adult human mandibles. The size and position of the mental foramen in relation to the second premolar was determined. The mental foramen on panographic radiographs was slightly larger than reported on periapical radiographs. The average position of the foramen was mesial and below the radiographic apex of the tooth. Panoramic radiography may account for a distal shift of the foramen and a 23% increase in size of the mandibles examined.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1989

[Incidence of double mental foramen in a sample of Greek population].

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of the double mental foramen in a sample of Greek population. Four hundred sixty four dry human mandibles were studied two hundred thirty referred to men and two hundred thirty four to women. Double mental foramen were found in 6.68% per cent of the cases (6.95% women and 6.41% in men). There was no statistical significance between sex and this kind of entity.

Female↗
PubMed1992

The mental foramen: 2. Radiographic position in relation to the mandibular second premolar.

Seventy-five adult human mandibles were radiographed with a paralleling technique to determine the ability to visualize the mental foramen as well as its size and position. The foramen was seen on 75% of the horizontal periapical radiographs examined. When the foramen was not visualized, is was usually below the inferior edge of the film. The radiographic size of the foramen was smaller than the anatomical size previously reported. The position of the mental foramen was usually mesial and below the radiographic apex of the second premolar.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The mental foramen: 1. Size, orientation, and positional relationship to the mandibular second premolar.

Seventy-five adult human mandibles were examined to determine the size, orientation, and position of the mental foramen. The average size of the foramen was found to be larger on the left side of the mandible and its usual direction of exit was in a posterior-superior direction. The most common location of the mental foramen was inferior to the crown of the second premolar and approximately 60% of the distance from the buccal cusp tip of that tooth to the inferior border of the mandible.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of the effectiveness and comfort of incisive nerve anesthesia given inside or outside the mental foramen.

Thirty volunteer subjects were given bilateral injections of one-half carpule of 2% Xylocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine to anesthetize the incisive nerve. Injections were given either inside or outside the mental foramen. Success (80/80 reading) and duration of anesthesia were verified with the Analytic Technology pulp tester. Pain and preference for either injection type were evaluated via questionnaire. The mental foramen could be located in 1 min 56.6% of the time. There was a significantly greater chance of success for injections given inside the foramen for the second bicuspid (p = 0.0422) and the canine (p = 0.015). There was no statistically significant difference in success for either type injection for the first bicuspid (p = 0.184). There was no significant difference in duration of anesthesia whether given inside or outside the foramen and no difference in pain of injection with either type. Patients had no clear-cut preference for either injection type.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Absence of the mental foramen in dry human mandibles.

The absence of the mental foramen was investigated in 1,435 dry human mandibles (2,870 sides). The foramen was absent twice in the right side (0.06%) and once in the left side (0.03%). The meaning of this anatomical variation was commented.

Adult↗