Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Kidney Calices”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Renal abnormalities in the Bardet-Biedl syndrome.

Four cases of BARDET-Biedl syndrome (BBS) are described which all suffer from renal abnormalities. Polyuria or polydipsia with impairment of renal concentration capacity were the earliest signs of renal dysfunction. Renal insufficiency developed in 3 cases and hypertension in two. Urographic abnormalities were demonstrated in all patients. The most remarkable features were cystic spaces communicating with the calices and lobulation of kidney. Caliceal clubbing and caliectasis surrounded by narrowed, unscarred parenchyma were frequent findings. Previous investigators reported various renal histological pictures in BBS. We found tubulo- interstitial lesions in all cases. Features of dysplasia and cystic formations were less frequent. Mesangial proliferation was not noted. Ultra-structural changes in the glomerular basement membrane were not observed in this study. Thirty-one of 32 recently reported cases of BBS included renal lesions which are the major cause of death. It is therefore suggested that renal abnormalities are accepted as the cardinal feature of this syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Caliceal fistula in kidney transplantation. The role of magnetic resonance imaging.

Caliceal fistula is a rare complication of renal transplantation, which often raises some diagnostic problems. We report the case of a patient in which this complication occurred and in whom the diagnosis could be clearly demonstrated by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). On the T1-weighted images, a perirenal collection was depicted by a low signal intensity. On T2-weighted images, the collection appeared with a high signal intensity, and a linear hyperintensity was observed on the internal graft's labium at the level of the inferior pole corresponding to a caliceal fistula arising from the lower pole of the graft. In this setting, the use of MRI is compared with the other diagnostic techniques (sonography, CT scan, nephrogram, scintigraphy). MRI constitutes a progress in imaging of the renal graft by its high definition and the lack of nephrotoxicity. Its place remains, however, to be more precisely defined in the evaluation of a renal graft's complications.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

[Stereotopometry of the caliceal-pelvic complex of the kidney applicable to organ-sparing operations].

By means of injection into the hollow system of the semiharden plastic "Protacryl" and tomometry, 157 human kidneys have been studied at the age of 20-90 years (117 man and 40 women). Size, form, number, and character of position of the calyces renales minores (CRM) have been determined. Basing on the diameter of the fornix, three groups are distinguished: large (15-25 mm), middle (6-14 mm) and small (2-5 mm) CRM, and according to the length of the infundibulum-long (15-25 mm), middle (8-14 mm) and short (up to 7 mm). Total amount of the CRM is from 3 up to 20. The geometrical model of arrangement in the space (3-2-3) is obtained correspondingly to superior, middle and inferior parts of the kidney and probability of revealing is determined. The CRM topography in the threedimentional space is described and indices of the calyx-pelvic system length are calculated for the whole and for each CRM separately. The data obtained are recommended to take into account in urological practice, when certain organ-preserving operations are performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A short infusion or a bolus injection of contrast medium in i.v. urography. Comparative density measurements in the kidney pelvic-caliceal system using sequential computed tomography].

The rate of contrast injection during i.v. urography may vary considerably (bolus injection or drip infusion). The effect of 5 rates of injection (6, 12, 18, 36 and 72 ml/min) on the contrast density in the renal collecting system was examined over a period of 30 minutes. Measurements showed an inter-individual difference of more than 200% in each group. The intra-individual variations for different rates of injection were very slight; individual concentration in the kidney for a given dose depends only slightly on the rate of injection. There is no statistically significant improvement in contrast values as a result of a bolus injection. The reduced incidence of side effects justifies the use of bolus injections but pressure injections are unnecessary from a diagnostic point view.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Changes in the system of kidney pelvis and calices in bladder neck adenoma].

The development of a renal lesion following an adenoma of the vesical neck is one of the most important complications of this disease. For the determination of the frequency of changes of the renal calyces in the adenoma of the vesical neck the findings of 253 patients of the years 1976 and 1977, in whom for the first time such an excrescence was established were evaluated. 135 excretion urogrammes showed changes of the renal pelvis and the renal calyces. The main findings were a narrowing of the renal calyces with spindle-shaped necks of the calyces. The calyces themselves were deformed only in one part of the patients. Urinary stasis and cirrhoses of the kidney were not found. As cause of the narrowed renal calyces in correlation with the clinical and laboratory-clinical findings the chronic pyelonephritis, the latent dehydration of the patient and disturbances of the motility of the urodynamics are discussed. As conclusion of these results the opinion is uttered that all male persons from 45 years, who have clinically healthy kidneys and in whom for any reasons an excretion urography has been performed, and in which evaluation narrowed renal calyces were found, by all means must undergo the examination by an urologist for the exclusion of a disease at the vesical neck.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

[Controversies on extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy].

We analyzed our experience in 3,000 patients submitted to ESWL. Patient age ranged from 6-92 years. Stone size was 1 cm. in 33.2%, 1-3 cm. in 43.8%, and 23% had incomplete or complete staghorns. Following treatment 83.2% were stone-free, 13.1% had stone fragments that could be passed spontaneously, 3.4% had fragments larger than 4 mm., and 0.3% were submitted to surgery because attempts at stone fragmentation had failed. Our results show that indication of ESWL may be questionable in renal anomalies (horseshoe kidney, caliceal diverticulum, pyeloureteric stricture, urinary diversion), in some cases of lithiasis (cystine stone, infundibular lithiasis, staghorn or ureteral calculi) and in some patients (para and tetraplegics and those with solitary kidneys).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrostomy in non-dilated pelvicaliceal system.

Percutaneous placement of nephrostomy catheters in patients with non-dilated pelvicaliceal systems remains problematic. We successfully performed ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrostomies in 5 such patients after intravenous administration of a diuretic agent. Diuresis resulted in transient dilatation of the calyces, facilitating the procedures, which were performed under real-time sonographic guidance using the Seldinger technique. No complications were encountered.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator, its inhibitor, and its receptor in patients with upper urinary tract carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a serine protease involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. Its activity during metastasis may be regulated by a plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI). Furthermore, uPA exerts its action by binding to a membrane-bound receptor (uPAR). The authors attempted to examine the immunohistochemical expression of uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (TCC-UUT). METHODS: Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tumor tissues from 154 patients were analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: There was moderate to strong cytoplasmic staining for uPA, PAI-1, and uPAR in 57.8%, 96.1%, and 88.3%, respectively, of tumor epithelial cells, and in 22.7%, 53.9%, and 24.7%, respectively, of stromal cells at the tumor/stroma interface. Examination of the relationship between immunoreactive score and clinicopathologic findings revealed that the uPA score for stromal cells significantly correlated with the stage and pattern of growth of the tumors. The PAI-1 score for tumor epithelial cells and the uPAR score for stromal cells both correlated with stage, grade, and pattern of growth. The PAI-1-score for stromal cells correlated with stage and grade. The uPAR-score for tumor epithelial cells correlated with stage. When only the immunoreactive scores that were classified as "high" (if the score was > or = 5 or > or = 1, for tumor epithelial and stromal cells, respectively) were considered, univariate analysis revealed that a "high" PAI-1 score for tumor epithelial cells and a "high" uPAR score for stromal cells both were significantly associated with poor disease free and overall survivals, particularly early period survival. In the final models of the multivariate analysis, only stage (all periods, disease free survival and overall survival), and grade (12 months, overall survival) were found to be progressive or prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of immunoreactivity for plasminogen activator parameters appears to be of little or no value in determining the prognosis of patients with TCC-UUT, although some parameters were found to be associated with high stage or high grade of the tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Acute renal failure caused by extreme hyperphosphatemia after chemotherapy of an acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

The authors report a documented case of hyperphosphatemia-induced nephrocalcinosis after chemotherapy of an acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Microscopic examination of the kidney showed numerous calcium deposits with concentric structure in the calyces and in the tubules. Electronic microsound analysis proved the deposits to be composed of calcium phosphate. The nephropathy mechanism is studied, and a review of the 34 similar cases of this acute tumor lysis syndrome is made. Some suggestions are put forward to present the consequences of this therapy-induced syndrome.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1995

Kidney of elephants.

BACKGROUND: Elephants are an important and isolated order. Their kidneys need substantial investigation and hitherto have not been portrayed even by a pyelogram. METHODS: Pyelograms and injection of vessels with colored acrylic emulsions were done initially. Dissection was under fiberoptics using a dissecting microscope with frequent measurements. Special areas were cut for microscopy (light and electron) and photography. Glomerular counts were done by macerating weighted pieces of cortex and later finding the cortical fraction of the renal parenchyma. RESULTS: The elephant kidney is devoid of dorsoventral symmetry. It is composed of 8 +/- 2 lobes separated by fine interlobar septa. There is no reduction of lobes with maturity. The pelvis bifurcates at the sinus into primary branches or infundibula which dispatch a secondary branch or infundibulum into every lobe. Interlobar arteries and veins, nerves, fat, and connective tissue generally accompany every secondary infundibulum into its lobe. A major branch of the renal artery may perforate the renal capsule and course to the cortico-medullary (C-M) border independently of the secondary infundibulum to that lobe. The number of glomeruli per kidney is approximately 15 x 10(6). In adults the glomerular mass is 4.9 +/- 0.5% of the renal parenchyma and 6.7 +/- 0.3% of the cortex. Areae cribrosae occur generally at low papillae. They are the outlets of numerous terminal collecting ducts which may be accompanied by a tubus maximus (T.M.) A T.M. of diameter 1.6 mm and length 10 mm may act as the only substitute for an area cribrosa. Wide anastomoses between the two main renal veins occur within the renal sinus. Intralobar arteries and veins often course right through the outer medulla to and from, respectively, the C-M border. CONCLUSIONS: Anatomically, an elephant's kidneys appear to be able to concentrate urine only moderately. Their kidneys tend to resemble those of the manatee but not of the dugong.

Animals↗