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PubMed1984

Karyometry of nuclei in liver cells. Heterogeneity of nuclear volume and percentage of binucleate cells associated with veins.

In untreated adult male albino rats nuclear volume and the percentage of binucleate cells were determined in the first layer of hepatocytes adjacent to hepatic venous branches of varying diameters (less than 40 microns, 40 microns-80 microns, 80 microns-120 microns, 120 microns-160 microns, greater than 160 microns), and in the third and fourth layer of hepatocytes in the remainder of the perivenous parenchyma. In the first layer of hepatocytes adjacent to the vascular structures means of nuclear volume are significantly lower and percentage of binucleate cells significantly higher than in the cells of the remainder of the perivenous parenchyma. Within each area measured distribution curves of nuclear volume classes were homogeneous but showed heterogeneity in comparison with each other. The morphometric data presented in this study strongly support the opinion of the heterogeneity of liver cells in the perivenous zone, as previously postulated on the basis of histochemical investigations.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Karyometry in recurrent superficial transitional cell tumors of the bladder.

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder has a high recurrence rate after local treatment. Progression to a higher stage occurs in 10-30% of the recurrent tumors, and early detection of potentially progressive tumors is important. In the current study morphometric, densitometric, and chromatin textural features of nuclei of superficial bladder tumors (pTa-T1) were studied to determine the value of karyometric features in the prediction of tumor progression. Seventy-two histological samples from 36 patients, consisting of both the primary and the first recurrent superficial tumor, were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: those with tumor progression, defined as an increase in tumor stage or occurrence of metastatic disease, and those without. Discriminant analysis on four karyometric features resulted in correct prediction of prognosis of 78% and 97% in the primary and recurrent tumors, respectively (P < 0.001). Tumor grade and stage did not offer additional information concerning prognosis. Karyometric analysis of recurrent superficial transitional cell tumors can be useful in selecting patients who need a more aggressive therapy. However, tumor characteristics of recurrent tumors varied and continuous evaluation of the karyometric features is necessary for early detection of an increase in the malignant potential of the tumor.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1982

Karyometry of pseudostratified, metaplastic and dysplastic nasal epithelium by morphometry and stereology. 1. A general model for automated image analysis of epithelia.

Nuclear enlargement, usually due to the existence of abnormally high DNA (ploidy) values, is one of the alterations most often encountered in pathological epithelia, especially in cancerous and precancerous states. Direct DNA measurements on microscopic sections are impossible, and karyometric studies must take the difficult stereologic problem of spheroid sectioning into account. A mathematical model is proposed to describe an aggregate of separate parallel anisotropic prolate spheroids of variable size and eccentricity. This model appears suitable for the study of epithelial nuclei. After a tentative estimation of the biopsy angle, the application of the model to nuclear profile measurements produces the stereologic data of the mean spheroid nucleus: major and minor axes (and their ratio), volume, surface area (and the V/S ratio), and numerical density. Considerable time may be saved by the use of an image analyser with a specific algorithm. Most of the steps are entirely automated, but the user retains the interactive choice of the nuclei to be studied, for instance by separating the different epithelial layers. The profile data are computer-filed and several programs can yield the stereologic estimations and plots of nuclear profile areas. Poolings of cases of similar histologic staging and nearly the same sectioning angle can be used for the profile area plots. The model has been applied to pseudostratified and altered nasal mucosa of nickel workers. The stereologic estimates, mainly the nuclear volume, correlate well with histologic gradings. The nuclear profile area plots are considered useful for an assessment of the nuclear polyploidism. The complete model should be applicable to many other types of functionally or pathologically altered epithelia, particularly for cancer and precancer screenings, when the use of sectioned material is a prerequisite.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1985

Karyometry of pseudostratified, metaplastic and dysplastic nasal epithelium by morphometry and stereology. 2. Automated image analysis (IBAS) of the basal layer of nickel workers.

A mathematical model for the stereological analysis of parallel-oriented, spheroidal nuclei has been applied to the basal layers of respiratory, metaplastic and dysplastic nasal epithelia. Nuclear profiles seen on tissue sections were measured with an automatic image analyser (IBAS). Nuclear profile area distributions were used to assess possible polyploidies. The result are compared to the histopathological grading, consisting of pseudostratified (respiratory), cuboidal, mixed cuboidal/squamous, squamous, and dysplastic epithelia. The estimated nuclear axis lengths, volumes, surface areas and volume/surface ratios are, in the great majority of cases, significantly smaller in pseudostratified or cuboidal epithelium than in squamous metaplasia and dysplasia. Correspondingly, the numerical density of the nuclei is lower in the latter cases, in which is also noted a smaller nuclear eccentricity. No significant difference is found between the nuclei of squamous and dysplastic epithelia. There is a clear correlation between the mean profile areas and the stereologically estimated volumes of the nuclei. When classifying the mean profile areas into four classes, a progressive shift from the smaller towards the larger size classes is observed when passing from pseudostratified to dysplastic epithelia, through the different metaplastic stages. The nuclear profile area plots often show several peaks, even in some pseudostratified and cuboidal epithelia, probably reflecting polyploidy. There is a marked tendency towards larger profile areas in squamous metaplasia and dysplasia. One histopathologically typical dysplasia showed only small-sized nuclei and another had a notable contribution of those in its profile area plot, in contrast with all the other dysplasias and squamous metaplasias, which displayed practically no small nuclei. The possible implications of the existence of "small-sized-nuclei-dysplasias" are discussed. The literature dealing with nuclear volumes or DNA quantities in putative preneoplastic situations in reviewed. Our method adds some valuable objective criteria to those used in classical histopathological grading. It should be possible to apply this method to other epithelial tissues.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1994

Karyometry of primary and metastatic malignant melanoma. A correlation with cell proliferation.

We used computerized image analysis, immunohistochemistry, and the incorporation of tritiated thymidine to study the relationship between nuclear size and shape and the proliferation of malignant melanoma cells. A total of 30 nonulcerated primary malignant melanomas and 75 of their cutaneous metastases were considered. We found a positive relationship between (a) the 3H-TdR labeling indices and the thickness of the primary malignant melanoma: (b) the nuclear profile areas of primary lesions and their respective metastases; and (c) the size and regularity of the contours of the nuclei. We failed to find a relationship between 3H-TdR indices and the nuclear size of malignant melanoma cells.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1975

Karyometry of liver biopsies in virus hepatitis.

Liver biopsies from ten patients with clinically mild or moderate acute virus hepatitis, taken in the acute phase of the disease and in the recovery phase or later, were assessed for the size of liver cell nuclei and the number of binuclear nuclei. A parametric model of the distributions of the nuclear radii was used to estimate the mean nuclear radius of diploid nuclei and the frequencies of di-, tetra- and octaploid nuclei. During the acute phase of virus hepatitis the liver cell nuclei were often larger, with greater variation in size, than in the recovery phase. This pleomorphism was not only due to pyknotic and necrotic nuclei as these were not measured. It is assumed that the enlargment of the nuclei was due to increased metabolic activity of the nuclei. The frequencies of polyploid nuclei and binuclear liver cells were higher in the first biopsies, probably reflecting regenerative activity. No correlation was found between the severity of the disease as judged by liver histology or routine liver tests and the degree of nuclear changes with respect to size and frequency of polyploid or binuclear liver cells.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

[Karyometry of thymic reticular cells in the rat. Effect of hydrocortisone and adrenalectomy].

A new process in taxinomic analysis clearly confirmed the presence of three different types of cells (epithelial, hypertrophic and mesenchymal) in the reticular zone of the thymus. The injection of hydrocortisol as well as adrenalectomy induced specific changes in nuclear surfaces of three cell types, while hydrocortisol tented to increase the surface of epithelial and mesenchymal cells, adrenalectomy reduced it, while a modification was seen in the percentages relative of the cell types. In adrenalectomized animals, the effect result was counteracted by injections of hydrocortisol.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed2001

Karyometry in Barrett's esophagus.

OBJECTIVE: To derive a progression curve for lesions in Barrett's esophagus based on karyometric features. STUDY DESIGN: High-resolution imagery of 900 nuclei from normal gastric tissue, Barrett's metaplasia, Barrett's high grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus was recorded. Karyometric features were computed, and nuclear signatures and lesion signatures for these lesions were derived. A progression curve was defined. RESULTS: Esophageal lesions were distinctly different from the normal gastric fundus tissue, with nuclei from Barrett's metaplasia deviating from normal almost as much as nuclei from high grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. There was considerable case-to-case variability and overlap between lesions histologically assigned to different diagnostic categories. CONCLUSION: The karyometric data suggest that Barrett's metaplasia is a more developed lesion than previously assumed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

Karyometry in endometrial adenocarcinoma of different grades.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize nuclei from adenocarcinoma of the endometrium of different grades in order to establish whether significantly different nuclear subpopulations exist. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 1,400 nuclei from 14 cases of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium of grades 1, 2 and 3 were recorded, and 600 nucleifrom normal, secretory phase glandular endometrial epithelium were used as a reference data set. Karyometric features were computed and a discriminant function derived to define a trend in feature values for nuclei from lesions of different grades. The nuclei from lesions of different grades were processed by a nonsupervised learning algorithm in an effort to detect and define subpopulations. RESULTS: Nuclei from grade 1 lesions represented a near-diploid stemline, whereas nuclei from grade 3 lesions formed an aneuploid set with a mode around 3N. The existence of three subpopulations with statistically different nuclear chromatin patterns could be shown for nuclei from each grade. In each grade these three subpopulations occupied the same relative position in feature space. For grade 1 lesions all three subpopulations were near diploid, for grade 3 lesions all three were approximately triploid. CONCLUSION: The nuclei in adenocarcinoma of the endometrium form a heterogeneous set, with subpopulations of distinctly different chromatin patterns and different ploidy. This should be taken into consideration in assessing the efficacy of chemopreventive intervention.

Adenocarcinoma↗