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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Urinary NMP22 and karyometry in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with superficial bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To study the value of two outpatient urine tests with regard to the diagnosis and recurrence of bladder tumors. METHODS: Fifty patients with a history of superficial bladder cancer were evaluated with urinary NMP22 levels (cutoff level 10 U/ml), bladder wash karyometry (low versus intermediate and high risk) and cystoscopy. All patients were followed for 1 year. RESULTS: Diagnostic negative and positive predictive values (NPV and PPV) of the tests were, respectively: NMP22 91.2 and 56.3%, and karyometry 80 and 33.3%. Prognostic NPV and PPV with regard to a subsequent recurrence were, respectively: NMP22 77.8 and 27.3%, and karyometry 82.6 and 50%. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic value of NMP22 is good. Since the 3 false-negative results were in low-stage and low-grade lesions, this test could be used as a prescreening for cystoscopy. The NPV of these tests with regard to tumor recurrence is around 80%, but only karyometry has a significant PPV. Change in the follow-up policy on the basis of these tests remains difficult. In patients with neobladders NMP22 appears to be of little use, because of the high urinary NMP22 levels in the absence of malignancy.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Karyometry by automated image analysis. Application to precancerous lesions.

Many works have shown a high frequency of increased nuclear DNA contents in various precancerous lesions. The true nuclear sizes, which are known to be well correlated with DNA values, may be stereologically estimated from nuclear profile data on tissue sections. Therefore, karyometry, which may be effected very efficiently by automated image analysis, offers an attractive choice when studying sections, in which photometric DNA evaluations are often unreliable. Prerequisites are Feulgen-stained slides and a stringent standardization of all histological procedures. Very few karyometric studies have been done on precancerous lesions. Automated image analysis has seldom been used for nuclear profile data gathering on sections. Suitable stereological models are necessary. The best-known are those for spherical nuclei, which allow an estimation of the size-distribution ('unfolding'). A specific model for parallel-oriented spheroids is particularly suitable for epithelial nuclei. It yields many stereological parameter estimations but does not yet allow a size-shape unfolding. We have used the model for parallel spheroids on nasal epithelial biopsies from nickel workers. The nuclear dimensions are usually clearly increased in metaplasia and dysplasia. Some rare dysplastic zones, however, present a major contribution of normal-sized nuclei, and this may have a prognostic significance. Our model may be applied to other epithelia. A new sphere unfolding model has been used on liver sections from Farber-protocol-treated rats. Compared to normal livers, where tetraploid nuclei predominate over diploid ones, transitional cell zones show an overwhelming predominance of diploid nuclei, and hyperplastic precancerous nodules have various degrees of non-modal and high-value ploidies. Karyometry may help to determine which lesions should be considered as possible premalignancies.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Three types of liver cell dysplasia (LCD) in small cirrhotic nodules are distinguishable by karyometry and PCNA labelling, and their features resemble distinct grades of hepatocellular carcinoma.

We have studied the occurrence and specific features of liver cell dysplasia (LCD) in Chinese patients showing liver cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Three types of LCD (SLCD, LLCDo, LLCDe) were morphologically defined, and these types were further analyzed using karyometry, estimation of nucleic acid content and density, and PCNA immunostaining. Features found for three types of LCD were compared with those of normal hepatocytes (NLC), simple regenerating hepatocytes (SRLC), and cells of HCCs covering different grades. The results show that 1) karyometry and nucleic acid parameters allow an objective separation of LCD types both from NLC and SRLC; 2) karyometric features of LLCDe are most close to those of highly differentiated HCCs, whereas nuclear size and chromatin composition of SLCD closely reflect those of poorly differentiated HCCs; 3) the frequency of LCD clusters was higher in cirrhotic livers carrying HCC, being about double for all three LCD types; 4) the highest PCNA labelling occurred in the small cell group of LCD (SLCD), still, however, being smaller than that of simple regenerating hepatocytes. Based on these findings it is suggested that, similar to atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, LCDs of distinct morphotypes may represent precursor lesions for HCC, and some cellular forms may mimick cell types known to occur in experimental carcinogenesis.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1979

On the morphology of the Golgi apparatus and its relation to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in neurosecretory nuclei of rats under normal and thirsting conditions (application of karyometry).

Histochemical studies on the distribution of TPPase and G6PD in SON and PVN of rats have been conducted by using the new TPPase method, karyometry, and statistics under normal and thirsting conditions. All differences in nuclear volume among the 4 groups classified by the TPPase and G6PD reactions were significant after thirsting for 2 and 4 days, respectively. The intimate parallel relationship was found statistically between the GA shape and G6PD activity in neurons of both nuclei. These results may substantiate the usefulness of classification of neurons of both nuclei. These results may substantiate the usefulness of classification of neurons by the TPPase method on the LM level. They also suggest strongly that the GA shape may directly indicate its synthesizing activity, and that the complicate GA shape may correspond to the phase of vigorous synthesizing activity in the neuron. Both nuclei included some neurons whose GA appeared intact under activation. This suggests that secretory cycles of individual cells may proceed asynchromously under thirsting as well as normal conditions. The unique peak revealed by the curves of mean nuclear volumes of GA Type IV and G6PD. strongly positive groups only in PVN must be representative of phenomenon of exhaustion of PVN.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Histochemical studies on the relationship between the morphology of the Golgi apparatus and G6PD activity in the locus coeruleus and dorsal vagal nucleus of the rat (application of karyometry).

Histochemical studies on the distribution of TPPase and G6PD in the neurons of locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN) of rats have been conducted by using the TPPase method, the G6PD method, karyometry, and statistics under normal conditions. 1. Neurons of the LC and DVN may undergo phasic changes of the GOLGI apparatus (GA) under normal condition. 2. No significant difference was found between neurons of the LC and DVN in regard to the GA morphology, but in general the latter revealed more complicated and developed GA than in the former. 3. Surprisingly, the G6PD activity of LC neurons was very weak. This is in agreement with the previous report by IIJIMA and IMAI (1975), and in disagreement with FRIEDE (1966). 4. An intimate parallel relationship was found between the GA morphology and G6PD activity in the DVN. The findings support the vigorous synthesizing activity found in the previous study of the rat supraoptic nucleus (IIJIMA 1979). In contrast to the DVN, such a parallel relationship between the Ga shape and G6PD activity was absent in the LC. Both findings strongly suggest that the role of the GA may be functionally different in the LC and DVN.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Enzyme-histochemical studies on the nonsecretory neurons of the rat supraoptic nucleus with the application of karyometry and electronmicroscopy.

Detailed histochemical studies were conducted on the distribution of SDH, G6PD, and TPPase as well as the Nissl substance and Gomori-positive material in the nonsecretory neurons of the supraoptic nucleus (SO) of the adult Wistar strain rats. Karyometry and statistical analysis were performed to identify those neurons. Electron microscopy confirmed the cytological characteristics indicated by the histochemical results. Based on the classification of SO neurons by the Golgi-Cox method and the present results concerning the Nissl pattern, shape, size, and number, these nonsecretory neurons appear to be intercalated neurons. Weak SDH and G6PD activity in the perikaryon with a few mitochondria indicate that they belong to the category of ordinary neurons with a low level of carbohydrate metabolism. The TPPase reaction revealed heterogeneous Golgi apparatus (GA) with poor development. In addition, it was difficult to find profiles of GA in many ultrathin sections. These results indicate that the GA may not undergo cyclic activity and lacks the capacity for secretion. No Gomori-positive material was detected in the perikaryon, whereas the Nissl substance was densely distributed throughout the entire perikaryon, where many free ribosomal rosettes and junctions of cisternae of abundant granular reticulum were evenly dispersed. The nonsecretory neurons reflect an active phase of cyclic activity of protein synthesis. However, other nonsecretory neurons with less active protein synthesis are very likely to be present.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Binucleate cells and liver karyometry.

Liver karyometry of uni- and binucleate cells was compared with karyometric measurements excluding binucleate cells in pervinous regions of rat liver parenchyma. Depending on their percentage of the cell population and due to their smaller nuclear size binucleate cells decrease nuclear volume means and the main maximum of frequency distributions of nuclear size (karyometric curves) but increase the lower second maximum in the range of smaller nuclear volumes. The main characteristics of the course of the curves, however, remain unchanged.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer by karyometry of thyrocytes].

Karyometry revealed that the distribution of thyrocyte nuclei by the size of their area on histograms depends on the type of thyroid disease. If the ratio of the share of thyrocyte nuclei area in the second and third ranges on distribution histograms is more than 1, thyroid cancer is diagnosed, if it less than 1, it may mean follicular adenoma, autoimmune thyroiditis, nodular colloid or diffuse toxic goiter.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1994

Microwave-antigen retrieval for proliferation analysis (MIB-1) and quanticyt karyometry of bladder washings.

Bladder washings can be used for simultaneous karyometry and proliferation analysis using MiB-1 as a proliferation marker. We analyzed 42 problem cases with a discordance between cytologic and karyometric classification (QUANTICYT), in which the karyometric classification was based on a combination of a nuclear shape parameter and DNA (2cDI). Moreover, 25 concordant cases were analyzed: 5 normal samples, 6 low-grade tumors and 7 high-grade tumors. All normal samples and all low-grade tumors had labelling indices below 10%, and all high-grade tumors over 10%. For the discordant low-grade tumors, the QUANTICYT classification correlated better with the MiB-1 labelling than the cytologic diagnosis. There was a clear correlation between 2cDI and MiB-1 labelling index. Slightly elevated MiB-1 labelling indices might have some prognostic value.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Karyometry of nuclei in liver cells. Heterogeneity of nuclear volume and percentage of binucleate cells associated with veins.

In untreated adult male albino rats nuclear volume and the percentage of binucleate cells were determined in the first layer of hepatocytes adjacent to hepatic venous branches of varying diameters (less than 40 microns, 40 microns-80 microns, 80 microns-120 microns, 120 microns-160 microns, greater than 160 microns), and in the third and fourth layer of hepatocytes in the remainder of the perivenous parenchyma. In the first layer of hepatocytes adjacent to the vascular structures means of nuclear volume are significantly lower and percentage of binucleate cells significantly higher than in the cells of the remainder of the perivenous parenchyma. Within each area measured distribution curves of nuclear volume classes were homogeneous but showed heterogeneity in comparison with each other. The morphometric data presented in this study strongly support the opinion of the heterogeneity of liver cells in the perivenous zone, as previously postulated on the basis of histochemical investigations.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Karyometry in recurrent superficial transitional cell tumors of the bladder.

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder has a high recurrence rate after local treatment. Progression to a higher stage occurs in 10-30% of the recurrent tumors, and early detection of potentially progressive tumors is important. In the current study morphometric, densitometric, and chromatin textural features of nuclei of superficial bladder tumors (pTa-T1) were studied to determine the value of karyometric features in the prediction of tumor progression. Seventy-two histological samples from 36 patients, consisting of both the primary and the first recurrent superficial tumor, were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: those with tumor progression, defined as an increase in tumor stage or occurrence of metastatic disease, and those without. Discriminant analysis on four karyometric features resulted in correct prediction of prognosis of 78% and 97% in the primary and recurrent tumors, respectively (P < 0.001). Tumor grade and stage did not offer additional information concerning prognosis. Karyometric analysis of recurrent superficial transitional cell tumors can be useful in selecting patients who need a more aggressive therapy. However, tumor characteristics of recurrent tumors varied and continuous evaluation of the karyometric features is necessary for early detection of an increase in the malignant potential of the tumor.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1982

Karyometry of pseudostratified, metaplastic and dysplastic nasal epithelium by morphometry and stereology. 1. A general model for automated image analysis of epithelia.

Nuclear enlargement, usually due to the existence of abnormally high DNA (ploidy) values, is one of the alterations most often encountered in pathological epithelia, especially in cancerous and precancerous states. Direct DNA measurements on microscopic sections are impossible, and karyometric studies must take the difficult stereologic problem of spheroid sectioning into account. A mathematical model is proposed to describe an aggregate of separate parallel anisotropic prolate spheroids of variable size and eccentricity. This model appears suitable for the study of epithelial nuclei. After a tentative estimation of the biopsy angle, the application of the model to nuclear profile measurements produces the stereologic data of the mean spheroid nucleus: major and minor axes (and their ratio), volume, surface area (and the V/S ratio), and numerical density. Considerable time may be saved by the use of an image analyser with a specific algorithm. Most of the steps are entirely automated, but the user retains the interactive choice of the nuclei to be studied, for instance by separating the different epithelial layers. The profile data are computer-filed and several programs can yield the stereologic estimations and plots of nuclear profile areas. Poolings of cases of similar histologic staging and nearly the same sectioning angle can be used for the profile area plots. The model has been applied to pseudostratified and altered nasal mucosa of nickel workers. The stereologic estimates, mainly the nuclear volume, correlate well with histologic gradings. The nuclear profile area plots are considered useful for an assessment of the nuclear polyploidism. The complete model should be applicable to many other types of functionally or pathologically altered epithelia, particularly for cancer and precancer screenings, when the use of sectioned material is a prerequisite.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1985

Karyometry of pseudostratified, metaplastic and dysplastic nasal epithelium by morphometry and stereology. 2. Automated image analysis (IBAS) of the basal layer of nickel workers.

A mathematical model for the stereological analysis of parallel-oriented, spheroidal nuclei has been applied to the basal layers of respiratory, metaplastic and dysplastic nasal epithelia. Nuclear profiles seen on tissue sections were measured with an automatic image analyser (IBAS). Nuclear profile area distributions were used to assess possible polyploidies. The result are compared to the histopathological grading, consisting of pseudostratified (respiratory), cuboidal, mixed cuboidal/squamous, squamous, and dysplastic epithelia. The estimated nuclear axis lengths, volumes, surface areas and volume/surface ratios are, in the great majority of cases, significantly smaller in pseudostratified or cuboidal epithelium than in squamous metaplasia and dysplasia. Correspondingly, the numerical density of the nuclei is lower in the latter cases, in which is also noted a smaller nuclear eccentricity. No significant difference is found between the nuclei of squamous and dysplastic epithelia. There is a clear correlation between the mean profile areas and the stereologically estimated volumes of the nuclei. When classifying the mean profile areas into four classes, a progressive shift from the smaller towards the larger size classes is observed when passing from pseudostratified to dysplastic epithelia, through the different metaplastic stages. The nuclear profile area plots often show several peaks, even in some pseudostratified and cuboidal epithelia, probably reflecting polyploidy. There is a marked tendency towards larger profile areas in squamous metaplasia and dysplasia. One histopathologically typical dysplasia showed only small-sized nuclei and another had a notable contribution of those in its profile area plot, in contrast with all the other dysplasias and squamous metaplasias, which displayed practically no small nuclei. The possible implications of the existence of "small-sized-nuclei-dysplasias" are discussed. The literature dealing with nuclear volumes or DNA quantities in putative preneoplastic situations in reviewed. Our method adds some valuable objective criteria to those used in classical histopathological grading. It should be possible to apply this method to other epithelial tissues.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1994

Karyometry of primary and metastatic malignant melanoma. A correlation with cell proliferation.

We used computerized image analysis, immunohistochemistry, and the incorporation of tritiated thymidine to study the relationship between nuclear size and shape and the proliferation of malignant melanoma cells. A total of 30 nonulcerated primary malignant melanomas and 75 of their cutaneous metastases were considered. We found a positive relationship between (a) the 3H-TdR labeling indices and the thickness of the primary malignant melanoma: (b) the nuclear profile areas of primary lesions and their respective metastases; and (c) the size and regularity of the contours of the nuclei. We failed to find a relationship between 3H-TdR indices and the nuclear size of malignant melanoma cells.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1975

Karyometry of liver biopsies in virus hepatitis.

Liver biopsies from ten patients with clinically mild or moderate acute virus hepatitis, taken in the acute phase of the disease and in the recovery phase or later, were assessed for the size of liver cell nuclei and the number of binuclear nuclei. A parametric model of the distributions of the nuclear radii was used to estimate the mean nuclear radius of diploid nuclei and the frequencies of di-, tetra- and octaploid nuclei. During the acute phase of virus hepatitis the liver cell nuclei were often larger, with greater variation in size, than in the recovery phase. This pleomorphism was not only due to pyknotic and necrotic nuclei as these were not measured. It is assumed that the enlargment of the nuclei was due to increased metabolic activity of the nuclei. The frequencies of polyploid nuclei and binuclear liver cells were higher in the first biopsies, probably reflecting regenerative activity. No correlation was found between the severity of the disease as judged by liver histology or routine liver tests and the degree of nuclear changes with respect to size and frequency of polyploid or binuclear liver cells.

Acute Disease↗