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PubMed1995

The effect of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (20 micrograms/day) (LNG-IUD-20) on the morphological structure of human endometrium: a study of the endometrial factor VIII activity in the women before and after insertion of LNG-IUD-20 by the digital image analysis.

The specimens of endometria were obtained from 18 women using an intrauterine device releasing levonorgestrel at 20 micrograms/day (LNG-IUD-20). An immunoperoxidase reaction, PAP method, with the antiserum of Factor VIII as the primary antibody, was carried out in the endometrial biopsies to detect the Factor VIII activity in the endometrial endothelium before and after insertion of LNG-IUD-20. The immunoperoxidase activity was quantitatively assessed by a computer digital image analyser. The results revealed that there were a lower Factor VIII activity in the endometrial endothelial cells after insertion of LNG-IUD-20 (p < 0.001) when compared with the control. From the results of the present study, it is suggested that the synthesis and release of endometrial endothelial Factor VIII might be inhibited by the insertion of LNG-IUD20.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical evaluation in vivo and in vitro of cervical mucus in IUD users: differences between women wearing copper and progesterone releasing IUDs.

This is a report of the variations of cervical mucus of women wearing different kinds of IUDs, before and after the insertion. We could not find significant variations of the clinical patterns in women wearing copper IUDs, but noticeable variations were found in progesterone releasing device users.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

A randomized multicentre trial of the Multiload 375 and TCu380A IUDs in parous women: three-year results. UNDP/UNFPA/WHO/World Bank, Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction: IUD Research Group.

Two copper IUDs--the Multiload 375 and TCu380A--are being studied in a randomized multicentre study in parous women involving nineteen centres in nine countries. There have been 1,832 insertions of the Multiload 375 and 1,823 of the TCu380A. After three years of use, the Multiload 375 had a pregnancy rate that was significantly higher than the TCu380A (2.9 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.3 per 100 women). There were no differences at one, two and three years of use in the expulsion rates. It is concluded that the Multiload 375 shows no clinical advantages over the TCu380A and its extra cost should be an important consideration in the choice of the most appropriate IUD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Clinicopathological problems of the local tissue effect of the copper-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). I. General characteristics of the copper-containing IUD (clinical study).

As a first part of their series, authors discuss the clinicopathological problems of the tissue effects of copper-containing IUDs. They stress the possibilities of local injury caused by copper ions which play a role in enhancing the contraceptive effects.

Corrosion↗

PubMed1982

IUDs, inflammation, and infection: assessment after two decades of IUD use.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Actinomycetales Infections↗

PubMed1992

Evaluation of the performance of the copper T380A IUD up to ten years. Is this IUD a reversible but potentially permanent method?

The clinical experience of a cohort of 340 women using a TCu380A IUD for up to 10 years at the Family Planning Clinic of the State University of Campinas, Brazil was evaluated by life-table analysis. Removals for medical reasons were more frequent during the first year of use, while from the third year on, removals for personal reasons were more frequent. Expulsions were concentrated in the first two years of use, and none were detected after the fourth. Gross pregnancy rate accumulated to 2.0, 2.8 and 5.3 and continuation rate was 64.2, 43.4 and 27.8 per 100 women at three, six and ten years of use, respectively. The effectiveness of the device did not decrease significantly after the eighth year of use and it could be considered a reversible but potentially permanent method.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

'Bowing' forces with IUD inserters in vitro: relevance to difficult IUD insertions.

The inserter tubes of the more modern copper bearing IUDs are flexible enough to give ('bow') when there is obstruction to the device. The MLCu 250, Copper 7 and Nova T inserters will bow considerably when forces of 1-3 N are exerted and the device obstructed up to 0.75 cm from its proximal end. This suggests that these devices are unlikely to cause cervical damage where their passage into the uterine cavity is impeded by cervical factors, provided the insertion attempt is discontinued when bowing of more than 2 cm off-centre is reached. However this does not apply to obstructions past the internal cervical os. In research circumstances great care should be used as it rapidly becomes possible to exert enough force to produce damage to the uterine muscle.

Equipment Failure↗

PubMed1995