Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Interdisciplinary Studies”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[The process of nursing work in collective health and interdisciplinary studies].

This study aims at discussing and stimulating reflections on the need of an interdisciplinary dialogue when the object of work is the health-illness-care process. The authors discuss the definition of Nursing by considering its essence, care, its history and practice. Following, considerations about inter- and trans-disciplinary studies on collective health are presented and the authors conclude with a proposal of basing care on the theory of communicative action developed by Jürgen Habermas.

Interdisciplinary Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The self-regulation process, adjustment and defense. Interdisciplinary study].

The study of the processes of self-regulation and defense may serve as an example illustrating the interdisciplinary research in psychiatry. Belying on the topography of mental disturbance as described by the systemal method, this study can profit from the findings of animal ethology and oceanographyt++ and thus conceive of the diversity and integration of the defense mechanisms of living systems beloging to different levels in the hierarchy of species. These insights may contribute to a refinement of the analysis of the human defense mechanisms met in psychiatry. As an example of this an analysis of phobic avoidance is related.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Gastric epithelial dysplasia in the natural history of gastric cancer: a multicenter prospective follow-up study. Interdisciplinary Group on Gastric Epithelial Dysplasia.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Because the precancerous significance of gastric epithelial dysplasia (GED) is still under debate, this study attempts to ascertain whether a prospective follow-up of GED can contribute to clarifying its clinical and pathological relationships with gastric cancer (GC). METHODS: One hundred twelve patients with mild (G1), moderate (G2), and severe (G3) GED or diagnosed as indefinite for dysplasia were prospectively followed up with a standardized endoscopic and bioptic protocol. RESULTS: Evaluation of GED outcome refers only to 93 patients with a follow-up period longer than 12 months. Regression of dysplasia was documented in 36%, 27%, and 0% of G1, G2, and G3 GED cases, respectively. Progression to more severe dysplasia or evolution into GC was detected in 21%, 33%, and 57% of G1, G2, and G3 GED cases, respectively. Evolution into GC was documented for all grades of dysplasia and correlated significantly with high-grade atrophic gastritis. A high prevalence of early GC (86.9%) was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: GED is a pre-invasive lesion, and carcinomatous evolution increases proportionally with its histological grade. Bioptical follow-up is mandatory for all histological grades of GED and significantly increases the likelihood of GC being detected in its early stages.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2006

Genetic diversity and variety composition of cassava on small-scale farms in Uganda: an interdisciplinary study using genetic markers and farmer interviews.

Cassava is a tropical crop and grown for its tuberous starchy roots. In Africa it is mainly cultivated by small-scale farmers who observe, select and name their cassava varieties based on morphology, food, social and economic interest. Here we have used an interdisciplinary approach involving farmer interviews, genetic markers and morphological descriptors to study the composition of cassava varieties on small-scale farms in 11 villages located in three districts in Uganda, the genetic structure within and between these varieties and their morphology. The composition of local, newly introduced and improved varieties differed widely between villages and districts. The Ugandan farmers in our study seemed to adopt improved varieties to a greater extent when there was a nearby market, prevalence of disease epidemics and good extension service. We found considerable genetic variation both within and between cassava varieties though the variation was larger between varieties. However, most local and improved varieties showed predominating genotypes at many loci. Accessions of commonly grown varieties meeting farmers' preferences could therefore be selected and implemented in future breeding programmes involving development, dissemination and adoption. The like-named varieties in different villages were genetically similar, demonstrating farmers' ability to differentiate and maintain the same variety over large areas. However, some varieties with different names in different villages showed both genetic and morphological similarity, suggesting that farmers may rename plants when they are introduced into their fields. The large differences found in variety and genetic composition between villages and districts in Uganda may be a result of the diverse needs and growing conditions characteristic for traditional farming system. This suggests that efforts to conserve and increase the genetic diversity in farmers' fields will require policies tailored to each area.

Africa↗
PubMed2003

Health professionals' views on advance directives: a qualitative interdisciplinary study.

The aim of this study was to discover the views of health professionals in the Greater Glasgow area on advance directives, using semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The twelve participants interviewed included four hospital doctors, four general practitioners (GPs) and four nurses. The six focus groups comprised hospice nurses, GPs, consultant geriatricians, geriatricians in training grades and an interdisciplinary group. Participants were purposively selected to reflect a range of personal experiences with, and attitudes toward, the advance directive using key informants and a short questionnaire. Participants were asked to comment on a specially constructed sample advance directive. All research encounters were recorded, transcribed and analysed using accepted methods in qualitative research. The advance directive was seen as a means of promoting peace of mind in will makers, of allowing carers to honour the patients' wishes and of stimulating communication between all parties. Conversely the advance directive was seen as generating certain risks for the will maker--including those of coercion, misunderstanding, paradoxical overintervention and inadvertent undertreating. A core concern surrounded the issue of 'informedness' in will makers and the ethics of deciding for a future demented self.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Clinical-etiologic correlation in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS): an interdisciplinary study.

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a multisystemic disorder caused by the loss of expression of paternally transcribed genes within chromosome 15q11-q13. Most cases are due to paternal deletion of this region; the remaining cases result from maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) and imprinting defects. To better understand the phenotypic variability of PWS, a genotype-phenotype correlation study was performed in 91 children with PWS. Patients were diagnosed by Southern Blot Methylation assay and genetic subtypes were established using FISH and microsatellite analyses. Fifty-nine subjects with deletion (31/28 males/females; mean age 3.86 years), 30 with UPD (14/16 males/females; mean age 3.89 years) and 2 girls with a presumed imprinting defect (mean age 0.43 yrs) were identified. For correlation purposes patients were grouped as "deleted" and "non-deleted." An increased maternal age was found in the UPD group. Four of Holm's criteria were more frequently present in the deleted group: need for special feeding techniques, sleep disturbance, hypopigmentation, and speech articulation defects. Concerning cognitive assessments, only 9.52% of subjects with deletion had Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) > or =70, while 61.53% of subjects without deletion had FSIQ > or =70. Similar results were found in behavioral measures. Sleep disorders and carbohydrate metabolism were systematically assessed. Polysomnoghaphic studies revealed a higher frequency of central events with desaturations > or =10% in the deleted group (P = 0.020). In summary, the phenotype was significantly different between both groups in certain parameters related to the CNS. These results might be related to the differences in brain gene expression of the genetic subtypes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Dermoscopic and histopathologic diagnosis of equivocal melanocytic skin lesions: an interdisciplinary study on 107 cases.

BACKGROUND: Dermoscopy (dermatoscopy, epiluminescence microscopy) is increasingly employed for the preoperative detection of cutaneous melanoma; dermoscopic features of pigmented skin lesions have been previously defined using histopathology as the key to the code. In a preliminary study on 10 cases evaluated by nine dermoscopists and nine histopathologists, the authors experienced that when at least two dermoscopists disagree in evaluating a melanocytic lesion, even histopathologic consultations may give equivocal results. METHODS: One hundred seven melanocytic skin lesions, consecutively excised because of equivocal clinical and/or dermoscopic features, were retrospectively examined by eight dermoscopists and eight histopathologists; the diagnostic interobserver agreement was calculated by means of the Schouten k statistics. After histopathologic consultations, all 107 lesions underwent unblinded dermoscopic re-evaluation in order to find which dermoscopic features had given rise to histopathologic diagnostic difficulties. RESULTS: The interobserver ageement was good for both dermoscopy (k = 0.53) and histopathology (k = 0.74). Out of 48 cases evaluated by the dermoscopists in complete accordance, only 8 (16.7%) received at least one conflicting histopathologic diagnosis. Instead, among the remaining 59 cases with at least one disagreeing dermoscopic diagnosis, 21 (35.6%) received at least one disagreeing histopathologic diagnosis. The unblinded dermoscopic re-evaluation showed that five out of seven lesions with clear-cut regression structures were histopathologically controversial. CONCLUSIONS: At least for selected and reasonably difficult lesions, a diagnostic discrepancy among formally trained dermoscopists seems to be predictive for a diagnostic disagreement among histopathologists. Lesions showing clear-cut regression structures are prone to give some histopathologic disagreement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Medial collateral ligament healing one year after a concurrent medial collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament injury: an interdisciplinary study in rabbits.

The optimal treatment for concurrent injuries to the medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments has not been determined, despite numerous clinical and laboratory studies. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of surgical repair of the medial collateral ligament on its biomechanical and biochemical properties 52 weeks after such injuries. In the left knee of 12 skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits, the medial collateral ligament was torn and the anterior cruciate ligament was transected and then reconstructed. This is an experimental model previously developed in our laboratory. In six rabbits, the torn ends of the medial collateral ligament were repaired, and in the remaining six rabbits, the ligament was not repaired. Fifty-two weeks after injury, we examined varus-valgus and anterior-posterior knee stability; structural properties of the femur-medial collateral ligament-tibia complex; and mechanical properties, collagen content, and mature collagen crosslinking of the medial collateral ligament. We could not detect significant differences between repair and nonrepair groups for any biomechanical or biochemical property. Our data support clinical findings that when the medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments are injured concurrently and the anterior cruciate ligament is reconstructed, conservative treatment of the ruptured medial collateral ligament can result in successful healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Factors in the progression and propagation of arteriosclerosis. Results of an interdisciplinary study (author's transl)].

Starting from generalized theories of the arteriosclerosis, a comprehensive model of factor analysis is presented which considers the clinical risk spectrum of coronary heart disease as presently known. Arteriosclerosis and morphological findings are also included in the analysis. A differentiation is made between "progressive remification" and "multiple variable" patterns, which combine the clinical risks in a specific structure. Fractions of unknown influencing factors could be estimated quantitatively and qualitatively in such a manner that suggestions concerning the huge dependency of time and the progressive increase with age could be determined.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The influence of cephalometric parameters on resonance of speech in cleft lip and palate patients. An interdisciplinary study.

There are only few studies concerning the correlation between craniofacial morphology and resonance of speech in cleft palate patients. Moreover, these investigations show a considerable inhomogeneity in material and method, their basic approach was predominantly retrospective, and the statistical methods were restricted to univariate procedures. Thus, the aim of the present study was twofold: firstly to clarify the extent to which correlations exist between craniofacial morphology and resonance of speech in cleft palate patients, subject to a sufficiently large number of patients being available to ensure differentiation with regard to age and cleft type, and secondly, within a prospective longitudinal study in juvenile cleft palate patients, to investigate whether pubertal craniofacial growth changes result in changes of resonance. The collective comprised 137 cleft palate patients. The following investigations were performed: lateral cephalometry, nasometry, and standardized speech recording. Additionally, these investigations were repeated in 51 juvenile patients after a minimum time interval of 2 years. In order to analyze the complex relations between craniofacial morphology and degree of hypernasality, multivariate statistical procedures were applied. The results of the present study indicate complex correlations between cephalometric parameters and resonance of speech, requiring age-specific differentiation. In this regard, the ratios between the length of the soft palate and the sagittal depth of the nasopharyngeal airway were of prime importance. Beyond this, significant correlations were found between craniofacial growth changes and changes of resonance during puberty which might be influenced both by dentofacial orthopedics and by maxillofacial surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Not all vocal cord failure following thyroid surgery is recurrent paresis due to damage during operation. Statement of the German Interdisciplinary Study Group on Intraoperative Neuromonitoring of Thyroid Surgery concerning recurring paresis due to intubation].

Since the phoniatrician H. Bauer described the first case of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy most likely caused by intubation some 45 years ago, several case reports have been published. However, systematic analyses regarding the frequency of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsies due to intubation are scarce, and none of them has used the proper methods to demonstrate clearly that such a mechanism exists. Currently available data justify the assumption that not every recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy following thyroid surgery is due to the operation itself and that the damage caused by intubation, however, may only account for a minority of these cases. The differential diagnosis of postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy requires the use of specific tools which go beyond simple laryngoscopy and include stroboscopy as well as intra- and extralaryngeal electromyography. A partial palsy of recurrent laryngeal nerve due to intubation would be associated with severe dysphonia or aphonia, not with dyspnea because of the typical intermediate position of the paralyzed vocal folds with a normal electromyographic function of the cricothyroid muscle. The use of these methods to identify the nature of postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy is recommended in cases of regular intraoperative neuromonitoring but postoperatively impaired function of the vocal cords.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2004

[Effectiveness and results of intraoperative neuromonitoring in thyroid surgery. Statement of the Interdisciplinary Study Group on Intraoperative Neuromonitoring of Thyroid Surgery].

Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has yielded an increasing effect on thyroid surgery. During IONM, the recurrent laryngeal nerve is stimulated electrically and an acoustically transformed electromyographic signal is derived via either a needle electrode placed in the vocalis muscle or an electrode adjusted to the intubation tube. The IONM is used for identifying and predicting the function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Especially under difficult anatomic conditions, IONM has proven a valuable tool for identification of recurrent laryngeal nerves. This can lead to decreased occurrence of nerve palsy rates, as shown in numerous studies. The reliability of the IONM signal (defined as the correlation between intraoperative signal interpretation and postoperative vocal cord function) is reflected by a specificity as high as 98.2%, as shown by German multicenter studies. Thus, normal vocal cord function could be demonstrated postoperatively in over 98.2% of patients with intraoperatively unchanged neuromonitoring signals. If the neuromonitoring signal changed during operation, 39% of the patients suffered from transient vocal cord immobility and 12% had permanent loss of vocal cord function.

Electrodes↗