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PubMedDate not supplied

Control of yaws and other endemic treponematoses: implementation of vertical and/or integrated programs.

Previous mass campaigns against the endemic treponematoses have taught investigators several lessons that, along with current constraints and altered circumstances, must be considered in the formulation of a contemporary strategy for the control or eradication of yaws, endemic syphilis, or pinta. A time-limited, vertical approach is necessary in highly endemic areas initially to reduce the level of transmission. Elsewhere, control activities should be integrated into other primary health care interventions, especially health education, water and sanitation programs, maternal and child health care, and provision of essential drugs. Control of the endemic treponematoses is an ideal means of strengthening primary health care in endemic areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The School Health Innovative Programs: integrating school health and managed care in San Diego.

Managed care organizations (MCOs) are being recruited to support school health services delivered in school clinics. Schools without clinics already provide numerous health services and could provide more if they had support from managed care organizations. This article describes the first two years of a San Diego-based collaborative consisting of MCOs, school districts, and other health care agencies. By establishing trust, developing overriding principles, and creating an interagency communication infrastructure, this collaborative has encouraged shared management of many student health issues. Because the agreements apply to all schools, programs can reduce high rates of absenteeism district-wide and avoid unnecessary doctor appointments for common health problems. These collaborative agreements are designed to be financially self-sustaining. However, data collection, the logistics of obtaining parental consent, and getting health professionals to communicate with each other in new ways remain to be significant challenges.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Toward an integrated program for patient care in pediatric infections.

BACKGROUND: Clinicians and scientists have important and complementary roles to play in improving the management of pediatric infectious diseases. The clinician's role is to provide optimal care for the individual patient, whereas the scientist is closely involved in teaching and research. OBJECTIVES: To review the current challenges in the management of childhood infections and the contributions of different groups to meeting these challenges. DISCUSSION: The pattern of infectious diseases in children is constantly changing, emphasizing the importance of microbiologic research in meeting these challenges. In the clinical setting the research results must be applied and integrated in routine practice. The development and successful clinical use of new diagnostic techniques, new antibiotics and new vaccines provide good examples of the teamwork between scientists and clinicians, which is essential for progress in the field of common childhood infectious diseases. The most urgent challenges in this area that now face physicians are the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially the spread of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the growing numbers of immunocompromised children. Devising and implementing strategies to meet these demands will require a continuing commitment from pediatricians and microbiologists.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Stomatological component of the integrated program for the prevention of non-infectious chronic diseases in the Latvian S.S.R. 2. Experience in the application of preventive measures against dental caries and periodontal diseases in children of the Latvian S.S.R].

A 3-year study of the efficacy of the complex prophylaxis system of stomatological diseases in children showed that the severity of dental caries, according to the CFE index, diminished by 65.6 per cent in the children included in the clinical trial and by 23.5 per cent in the children undergoing mass examination. In order to increase the efficacy of prophylactic measures, the stomatological component will be included in the integrated prophylaxis programme of non-infectious chronic diseases, which will be carried out in the Latvian SSR under the auspices of the WHO.

Child↗
PubMed1976

A complex cardio-diagnostic program integrating radiocardiography and radiocyclography with haemodynamic studies.

The general lines of radiocardiographic practice in the framework of rehabilitation of cardiac patients based on 15 years experience are summed up. The basic technical elements of the scheme were: integration of the radiocyclographic method and of nuclear procedures with the traditional diagnostic investigations, with microcatheterization, co-ordination of the loading principle in the form of exercise tolerance tests with the radiocardiographic and radiocyclographic routine, adaptation of digital data collection and storing for off-line computer analysis, extension of the data collecting system of the radioisotope laboratory to the adjoining intensive care unit. In a group of middle-aged patients with earlier transmural infarction being on a rehabilitation training program the responses to loading were similar to those of a control group formed by normal aged males. In the patients having had artificial valve implantation or mitral commissurotomy, a favourable progress in terms of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) rating was demonstrable, the most informative parameter of assessment having been the distribution of effective circulating blood volume in the central circulation. Moreover, an increase in stroke volume at rest as well as in response to loading was demonstrable within 1--2 months after operation and also 3 1/2 years later. The diagnostic value of the 133Xe-technique for the measurement of ventilation and perfusion of the upper and lower regions of the lung was confined to patients with mitral stenosis or mitral valvular disease.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The dental component of the integrated program of preventing chronic noninfectious diseases in the Latvian SSR. I. Epidemiologic study of dental caries and periodontal diseases in the whole population of the Latvian SSR].

The frequency and severity of dental caries and periodontal diseases among the population of the Latvian SSR, as well as the risk factors which contribute to the development of these morbid processes were studied. It was found that dental caries are present in 98 per cent of pupils aged 12 years, the CFE index (Caries Filling Extraction Index) representing 6.7. Among adolescent aged 15 years, a healthy periodontium and a good hygienic state of the oral cavity were found only in 2 per cent. Taking into account the high frequency of these diseases, the primary prophylaxis programme of dental caries and periodontopathies was included as a component in the integrated WHO programme of prevention and control of noninfectious chronic diseases in the Latvian SSR.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Children's smoking habits in an agricultural community in Japan and the importance of a no smoking program integrating family, school and community health.

The object of this study is to establish a model of integration of the health promotion projects which have been planned separately by schools and communities so far in an agricultural area in Japan, to solve the problem of children's smoking. The subjects of the study were 10-15 y old schoolchildren and their parents. The questionnaires were completed by the children themselves at school and also by their parents at home, in July 1995. One fourth of the junior high school boys had ever tried smoking, while most of their parents did not notice that their children were smoking. More than half of the children who had ever tried smoking mainly acquired tobacco from their homes. One tenth of them were prompted to smoke by their fathers or other relatives. To develop a health promotion project for children which includes prevention of smoking, the provision of a health education program and an environment which encourages health are important for children. The project should also be community-based because participation of local inhabitants in the project gives it additional impetus. In order to promote the comprehensive health of children, we emphasize the importance of setting up a healthy district plan based on the health policy of the general community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Cooperative study on the multifactor prevention of ischemic heart disease and its development into an integral program for the prevention of noninfectious diseases].

The authors presented a preliminary analysis of the 5-year implementation of a cooperative trial of multifactor prophylaxis of CHD in Moscow and Kaunas. A stable decrease in the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) by 20-25% and smoking by 22%, a decrease in SAP and DAP mean levels and the number of smoked cigarettes as compared to initial levels were noted in the group of active prophylaxis (the 1st group). It caused the reduction of CHD death risk by 13.6%. In the group of comparison with common treatment (the 2nd group) the prevalence of smoking decreased by 11% and arterial hypertension tended towards a rise. The comparison of mortality rates in the 1st and 2nd groups showed that in the 1st group total mortality rates were lower by 21% and CVD mortality rates were lower by 41% as compared to the 2nd group. The most noticeable decrease in 5-year mortality rates was observed among the persons initially attributed to the CHD group. Analysis of mortality with relation to the presence and intensity of smoking habits in Moscow and Kaunas indicated to the association of smoking not only with CHD mortality but also with cancer and total mortality making appropriate the development of an integral approach to the prophylaxis of the main chronic noncommunicable diseases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DiaKin: an integrated program package for hemodialysis kinetics.

A flexible program for the IBM PC performing a number of calculations of relevance for the prescription of hemodialysis treatment has been developed. The program has a 'spreadsheet'-like user-friendly interface, and results may be presented graphically. The present implementation covers 89 algorithms/equations, all based on the assumption of single-pool kinetics. Some of these are detailed for the first time, including considerations on their implementation using a generalizing, structured approach.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

An integrated program for amplitude-modulated RF pulse generation and re-mapping with shaped gradients.

Efficient generation of amplitude modulated, frequency selective RF pulses has been demonstrated by the Shinnar-Le Roux (SLR) algorithm. In the present article, we provide an overview of a relatively comprehensive computer program that includes a version of the SLR algorithm and also incorporates an algorithm for re-mapping a selective RF pulse onto a new dwell time with modulated gradients. The re-mapping may be used to reduce SAR, or to shorten the RF pulse time by increasing the gradient and RF strength in regions where the original RF pulse amplitude was low. The program includes additional useful features including a Bloch equations algorithm, and pulse scaling, to enable examination of pulse profiles under a variety of conditions such as RF inhomogeneity and even nuclear relaxation. The program, MATPULSE, was developed with the MATLAB for Windows programming language and makes extensive use of the MATLAB graphical user interface (GUI) features to generate a user-friendly interface. A number of examples are provided to illustrate the capabilities of the MATPULSE program.

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1996

RNAdraw: an integrated program for RNA secondary structure calculation and analysis under 32-bit Microsoft Windows.

The use of algorithms for calculation and analysis of RNA secondary structures has largely been limited to mainframe computers, mainly due to the 16-bit memory restrictions imposed by MS-DOS. The program presented here, RNAdraw, moves calculations to the 32-bit Microsoft Windows environments with an intuitive user interface with extensive viewing, editing and printing possibilities. The algorithms for secondary structure/basepair probability matrix/heat curve calculation have been ported directly from a 32-bit Unix environment. RNAdraw also offers novel features such as the options to edit energy parameters, extract structures of different probability levels, create de novo secondary structures interactively, and combine viewing of structures and basepair probabilities.

Algorithms↗