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PubMedDate not supplied

Hypermedia-assisted instruction: authoring with learning guidelines.

The use of computers in nursing education has evolved from elementary drill and practice tutorials to challenging presentations. Hypermedia technology has emerged as a powerful method of instruction that allows the user to experience new concepts, gain cognitive skill, and encounter realistic clinical situations in a no-harm environment. Hypermedia incorporates sound, video, graphics, text, and interaction. This article describes the process used to develop a CD-ROM for adult cardiovascular nursing that can be used as an interactive instructional program. A description of the use of Gagne's instructional design theory is incorporated as a framework to guide the project. Educators possess knowledge expertise and must become involved in the design of new teaching methodologies. If instructional design principles are followed when using authoring software, learners are motivated with real, challenging, life-like, nonthreatening scenarios to expand their critical-thinking and decision-making skills.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1997

Formative evaluation of a World Wide Web-based Chiari malformation hypermedia program.

The interface design of a Chiari malformation hypermedia document was tested with formative evaluation, a type of usability testing. The evaluation tested six common interactive design features essential for the design of user-friendly interfaces: image, size, label highlighting, text presentation (scrolling vs. hyperlinks), color (text, visual material, and background), and button behavior. Six neurosurgical residents answered a questionnaire focusing on these interactive design features during the development of the hypermedia document. Over a period of two months, the responses to the questions and suggestions made by the volunteers were used to improve the six interactive design features for the specific target audience of Toronto Hospital, Western Division neurosurgical residents.

Arnold-Chiari Malformation↗
PubMed1996

An integrated approach to senology education: combination of a hypermedia program with a multimedia archive.

The aim of this work was to demonstrate the computerized system on senology, which combines a hypermedia application to a multimedia didactical archive, integrated with a radiological information system. These applications have been developed on Macintosh computers using the softwares Supercard and 4th Dimension. The hypermedia application deals with basic principles of anatomy as well as the radiologic semeiology and pathology through different imaging techniques in order to illustrate basic principles. Thus, students can modify their learning pathways and the timing as they wish. Limitations are related to time consumption in preparing the programs and technical difficulties in expanding them. Multimedia archive allows to classify a large number of difficult and uncommon clinical cases, creating an easily updatable teaching file in digital format which considerably improves access to stored image data, also reducing loss of films and film degradation. From initial experiences we conclude that these systems are valid devices in information and up to date for physicians dedicated to the study of breast pathology.

Breast↗
PubMed1989

Hypermedia techniques for diagnostic imaging instruction: videodisk echocardiography encyclopedia.

Because of the visual complexity of medical images and the intensive tutorial experience required to develop image recognition expertise, professional training programs have concentrated on educating limited numbers of experts. Videodisk and CD-ROM (compact disk read only memory) image storage media now make it possible for a microcomputer workstation to provide a learning environment substantially equivalent to that of conventional time-consuming tutorial methods. A demonstration hypermedia program on echocardiography was constructed that provides a user-controlled learning environment with instant access to 54,000 video frames encompassing 1,200 clinical items. The instructional module is controlled by a microcomputer, which provides electronic linkage to relevant graphics, animations, text, categorized data bases, and digitized sound. The system has been successfully used in a residency program as the primary instructional tool for achieving an intermediate level of clinical expertise. Hypermedia offer substantial advantages over conventional books as a clinical reference source.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1996

Radiographic skills learning: procedure simulation using adaptive hypermedia.

The design and development of a simulation tool supporting learning of radiographic skills is reported. This tool has by textual, graphical and iconic resources, organized according to a building-block, adaptive hypermedia approach, which is described and supported by an image base of radiographs. It offers interactive user-controlled simulation of radiographic imaging procedures. The development is based on a commercially available environment (Toolbook 3.0, Asymetrix Corporation). The core of the system is an attributed precedence (priority) graph, which represents a task outline (concept and resources structure), which is dynamically adjusted to selected procedures. The user interface imitates a conventional radiography system, i.e. operating console, tube, table, patient and cassette. System parameters, such as patient positioning, focus-to-patient distance, magnification, field dimensions, tube voltage and mAs are under user control. Their effects on image quality are presented, by means of an image base acquired under controlled exposure conditions. Innovative use of hypermedia, computer based learning and simulation principles and technology in the development of this tool resulted in an enhanced interactive environment providing radiographic parameter control and visualization of parameter effects on image quality.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1990

Computer-based learning in radiology: a hypermedia application in CT.

Multimedia is a form of computer data presentation that uses multiple formats (text, illustration, sound, and animation) to enhance attention to and retention of presented information. Hypermedia is a nonlinear, branched access version of this that allows the user to pursue information more freely and variably than a linear format does. We used the hypermedia format to create an interactive medical teaching program that we believe holds the user's interest and attention better than a straight-text style does.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1998

Efficacy outcome and sex difference in learning of hypermedia programming skills.

86 occupational therapy students participated in a 20-hr, training course in hypermedia programming for selecting functions for development of rehabilitation software. Analyses showed that the training program significantly enhanced their self-efficacy in development of software for clinical practice. The students generally showed a positive attitude towards the feasibility and significance of applying hypermedia programming in occupational therapy, but no significant sex difference in programming self-efficacy was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HyperShell: an expert system shell in a hypermedia environment--application in medical audiology.

HyperShell is an expert system shell developed in a hypermedia environment. Several artificial intelligence techniques such as frames and semantic networks are used in an original interpretation to enhance the interaction between the user and the program. The typical navigation tools of hypermedia such as clickable buttons and text search are extended to the semantic structure of HyperShell, creating a set of new tools. Examples from a medical expert system (Audex HM) developed in HyperShell are described.

Audiology↗
PubMed1990

An introduction to interactive hypermedia.

Current computers can create and display documents that incorporate a variety of audiovisual media, and can be organized to allow the user, guided by curiosity and not by a fixed path through the material, to move through the information in non-linear pathways. These hypermedia documents and the concept of hypertext offer significant new possibilities for the creation of educational materials for the biomedical sciences. If the full capabilities of the computer are to be used to enhance the educational experience for learners, computer professionals need to collaborate with publishing and teaching professionals. Biomedical communications professionals can and should play a role in establishing and evaluating hypermedia documents for medical education.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1995

Efficient memory management strategy in hypermedia with interactive MR images.

When composing hypermedia with interactive image sets the main problem is to allocate minimal memory of random access memory (RAM). The stand-alone product should be accessible to the public and not require too much memory to maintain interaction between the images and the text. We designed a new hypermedia application using SuperCard and image stacks in PICS format running on a Macintosh LC computer. Memory use was effective since the images were kept in external files outside the application. On browsing cards the images were requested from the image file and each image was displayed within about 1 second as a floating frame on top of the card in the top window. Interactivity when presenting, for example, anatomical parts was achieved by bitmap objects which were activated through the image by pointing at them through the image. By pointing at a text object the corresponding anatomical bitmap object was visualised through the image. The stand-alone version of the application with up to 100 cards runs on a 2 Mb RAM set-up. The maximum sizes of the external image stacks are not dependent on the RAM size.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging↗
PubMed1995

Handling information and knowledge in the FORUM hypermedia authoring system: application to uterine magnetic resonance imaging.

Hypertext and hypermedia are used to access loosely structured information. The lack of conceptual model for hypertext application makes it difficult to represent the mental model of the author. Users are often lost in the information and the objective of the author is not achieved. In this paper, we describe an approach to handle information and knowledge in the FORUM hypermedia authoring system. It allows the author to create and maintain the hypertext more easily and facilitates the navigation of the reader. An application for learning uterine magnetic resonance imaging is also presented.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1996

A hypermedia system for parasite identification.

In this paper a hypermedia system for parasite identification is described. The knowledge base is relative to the class of the Trematoda parasites and reports agent, vector, disease, related category of the International Classification of Diseases and geographic area. A graphic user-friendly human-machine interface has been realized for this system.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Adaptive hypermedia: a new paradigm for educational software.

Traditional online dental education courses follow the broadcast paradigm which centers on the teacher, not the student. This one-size-fits-all approach resembles a mass-production idea which cannot take individual learner characteristics into account. Most online course designs do not address the issue that users with different goals and knowledge may be interested in different pieces of information about a topic. Adaptive hypermedia (AH) is an emerging field in education research which investigates how computer systems can overcome this problem. AH can be applied to any course content. This learner-centered approach first considers the learning goal(s), then evaluates the user's abilities and determines the individual learning style, to structure and tailor the curriculum most efficiently. The presented AH environment exploits various concepts of AH. The system collects data to create a model of the individual user, which is continuously refined based on test results throughout the course. The system then adapts the learning material dynamically, using active and passive curriculum sequencing and adaptive presentation.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1998

A hypermedia-based medical records management system.

This article presents a new way to manage computerized medical records, based on a totally-hypermedia system. As a matter of fact, the classical use of a database limits the necessary variability of the medical record, in function of both the patient profile and the care practitioner habits. The system we propose is based on a hospital Intranet, and on the XML language. This language allows the definition of semantic tags in hyperdocuments, and thus information retrieval is ensured through semantic tags indexation.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1998

Impact of the TOP-FORUM hypermedia system in a pediatric oncology care unit.

This paper describes our approach in analyzing the impact of the TOP-FORUM hypermedia in a pediatric oncology care unit. The impact of this technology is realized through the study of accommodation and assimilation adoption. Accommodation refers to the technological adoption and Assimilation refers to the professional adoption. Results show that accommodation depends on information and formation of the users. Assimilation is more difficult to evaluate because it depends on human, social and organizational problems.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

A full XML-based approach to creating hypermedia learning modules in web-based environments: application to a pathology course.

Nowadays, web-based learning services are a key topic in the pedagogical and learning strategies of universities. While organisational and teaching requirements of the learning environment are being evaluated, technical specifications are emerging, enabling educators to build advanced "units of learning". Changes, however, take a long time and cost-effective solutions have to be found to involve our institutions in such actions. In this paper, we present a model of the components of a course. We detail the method followed to implement this model in hypermedia modules with a viewer that can be played on line or from a CD-ROM. The XML technology has been used to implement all the data structures and a client-side architecture has been designed to build a course viewer. Standards of description of content (such as Dublin Core and DocBook) have been integrated into the data structures. This tool has been populated with data from a pathology course and supports other medical contents. The choice of the architecture and the usefulness of the programming tools are discussed. The means of migrating towards a server-side application are presented.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1998

Development of a hypermedia program designed to assist patients with localized prostate cancer in making treatment decisions.

The Prostate Centre, a hypermedia program integrating CD-ROM and Internet technology, was developed to help patients with localized prostate cancer access detailed and current information about available treatment options. Personal interviews with ten patients confirmed the need for more specific information examining the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer, as well as the suitability of computers for conveying this information. Sample screen designs effectively determined patients' visual preferences and were a useful springboard for conversation about a number of other relevant topics. Pilot testing of the resulting prototype elicited a positive response about the program from this sample audience. Patients regarded the program as useful, relevant to their needs, and navigable. Although the small sample size limited the study's generalizability, the method of involving patients in the design process successfully guided the program's development toward a greater fit with the users' needs.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1990

Hypermedia and randomized algorithms for medical expert systems.

KNET is an environment for constructing probabilistic, knowledge-intensive systems within the axiomatic framework of decision theory. The KNET architecture defines a complete separation between the hypermedia user interface on the one hand, and the representation and management of expert opinion on the other. KNET offers a choice of algorithms for probabilistic inference. We and our coworkers have used KNET to build consultation systems for lymph-node pathology, bone-marrow transplantation therapy, clinical epidemiology, and alarm management in the intensive-care unit. Most important, KNET contains a randomized approximation scheme (RAS) for the difficult and almost certainly intractable problem of Bayesian inference. Our algorithm can, in many circumstances, perform efficient approximate inference in large and richly interconnected models of medical diagnosis. In this article, we describe the architecture of KNET, construct a randomized algorithm for probabilistic inference, and analyze the algorithm's performance. Finally, we characterize our algorithms' empiric behavior and explore its potential for parallel speedups. From design to implementation, then, KNET demonstrates the crucial interaction between theoretical computer science and medical informatics.

Algorithms↗