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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Alimentary tract duplications in infants and children.

This is a review of 30 duplications of the alimentary tract in 28 patients treated at the Surgical Unit of the Children's Department of the Medical University of Pécs, Hungary, and at the Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Medical Academy of Dresden, Germany, from 1964 to 1989. The ages of patients ranged from 1 day to 13 years, 80 percent were less than 2 years of age at initial presentation. There were 6 thoracic, 20 abdominal and 2 thoraco-abdominal duplications. Distended abdomen, vomiting, bowel obstruction and palpable abdominal mass were most frequently encountered. Plain thoracic and abdominal x-rays, ultrasonography, barium esophagogram, barium meal and enema were the most common diagnostic procedures. Emergency operative intervention was required in 18 patients. One infant died of an unrelated disease. Twenty-three duplications were cystic and 3 tubular. One patient had an appendiceal duplication, and another patient a flat lumenless duplication located on the perineum close to the anal opening. The surgical procedure--removal of the duplication--should not be more radical than necessary to eliminate the potential complaints and prevent recurrence. During surgery the common blood supply shared between the duplication and the native bowel must be carefully protected to avoid undue sacrifice of normal bowel.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The metabolic response to intravenous medium-chain triglycerides in infants after surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine if administration of mixed medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)/long chain triglycerides (LCT) fat emulsion would increase net fat oxidation and if carbohydrate intake would influence net fat oxidation. STUDY DESIGN: Stable infants receiving total parenteral nutrition were studied after surgery. Respiratory gas exchange was measured by indirect calorimetry and urinary nitrogen excretion by the micro-Kjeldahl method. Intravenous fat (4 g/kg/day) was given as either pure LCT fat emulsion or 50/50 MCT/LCT fat emulsion. Carbohydrate intake was either "high" (15 g/kg/day) or "low" (10 g/kg/day). Four groups of patients were studied: group 1 = LCT and high-carbohydrate; group 2 = LCT and low-carbohydrate; group 3 = MCT/LCT and high-carbohydrate; group 4 = MCT/LCT and low-carbohydrate. RESULTS: At a carbohydrate intake of 15 g/kg/day, the calories available from glucose exceeded the measured resting energy expenditure (REE), and no differences were seen in either energy expenditure or net fat oxidation between patients receiving LCT and MCT/LCT fat emulsions. However, at a carbohydrate intake of 10 g/kg/day, when glucose calories were less than REE, net fat oxidation was significantly higher in patients receiving MCT/LCT (median, 1.94; range, 1.05-2.24 g/kg/day) compared with patients receiving LCT (median, 0.60; range, -0.09 to 1.35; P =.03). CONCLUSION: Providing that carbohydrate calories do not exceed REE, partial replacement of LCT by MCT in intravenous fat emulsions can increase net fat oxidation in infants after surgery.

Dietary Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1989

Surgical management of alimentary tract duplications.

Alimentary tract duplications are unusual anomalies that may require surgical intervention in the neonate, infant, and occasionally in the older child. The clinical presentation of patients with alimentary tract duplications includes bleeding, abdominal pain, intussusception, and respiratory distress, or it may be an incidental finding on either abdominal examination or chest x-ray. A review of 96 patients with 101 duplications seen over the last 37 years is reported herein. Twenty-one duplications were confined to the thorax; three were thoracoabdominal, and 77 were abdominal. Seventy-four patients presented as infants less than 2 years of age, and 22 patients were older. Ectopic gastric mucosa was found in 21 duplications, and pancreatic tissue was found in five. Seventy-five duplications were cystic and 26 were tubular. Ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and myelography are helpful diagnostic tools. Ninety-four of the 96 patients underwent surgical management for their duplications. One duplication was found at necropsy, and one patient was asymptomatic and did not undergo operation. A single death occurred in a 2-day-old infant who had intrauterine volvulus and meconium peritonitis. Management was based on the age and condition of the patient, the location of the lesion, whether it was cystic or tubular and communicating with the true intestinal lumen, and whether it involved one or more anatomic locations. Generally, total excision was preferred, but staged approaches were sometimes necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Results of biofeedback therapy for fecal incontinence in children with encopresis and following surgery for anorectal malformations.

INTRODUCTION: Some children with fecal incontinence respond to biofeedback therapy. However, whether they can achieve fecal continence posttherapeutically has not been clarified. We studied the serial results of biofeedback therapy and discuss the necessity of providing repeated biofeedback therapy at home. METHODS: Nineteen children with encopresis underwent one session of biofeedback therapy. Seven of 15 children with fecal incontinence that developed after surgery for anorectal malformations underwent three to eight sessions of biofeedback therapy; the remaining 8 underwent one (mean, 2.9) session only. The patients were hospitalized for one session of biofeedback therapy. To monitor the clinical outcome of intervention, we used serial score assessments from three months to two years posttherapeutically. RESULTS: Seventeen of 19 (90 percent) patients with encopresis showed clinical improvement after one session of therapy (P < 0.0001). Six months after treatment, however, six of ten (60 percent) patients with encopresis reported recurrent fecal incontinence after one therapeutic session. Clinical improvement was noted in 5 of 15 (33 percent) patients who had fecal incontinence after surgery for anorectal malformations. All five patients showed clinical improvement from six months to two years after several sessions of biofeedback therapy (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Biofeedback therapy is effective in most children with encopresis and in some children with anorectal malformations. However, some patients need repeated sessions of biofeedback therapy to achieve fecal continence. Therefore, a new portable biofeedback apparatus for the treatment of fecal incontinence at home may be helpful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The current practice of paediatric surgery in Malaysia.

This 10-year review of surgical conditions in infants at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, highlights some of the more common problems encountered and outlines their management. Anorectal agenesis and Hirschsprung's disease were seen relatively more frequently than other anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract. The management of these two conditions and the operation of colostomy and its complications are singled out and presented in some detail.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1985

Endoscopic laser treatment of vascular anomalies of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Vascular anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract are an important source of both acute and chronic blood loss. They present difficult management problems as they are often multiple, involving more than one part of the gastrointestinal tract, and may give rise to bleeds of increasing frequency and severity over a period of many years. We present the results of endoscopic argon and Nd YAG laser treatment of 18 patients with documented recurrent, severe haemorrhage from vascular lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract with follow up of up to five years. Four patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, five with single angiodysplasias and three with multiple angiodysplasias have had their transfusion requirements reduced to minimal levels after one or more courses of laser treatment. Two of these have required no blood for over two years despite previous total requirements of 52 and 129 units of blood. Four patients were submitted to surgery (two in whom the laser failed to control haemorrhage and two who did not have immediate access to laser therapy at the time of severe bleed). Two of these, however, bled again soon afterwards. Two patients are still undergoing courses of laser therapy although have already shown reductions in transfusion requirements. Both lasers were effective. The Nd YAG laser appears to produce better long term results as its greater penetration makes it possible to ablate the main areas of vascular ectasia in the submucosa, although it does have a slightly higher risk of causing haemorrhage in the first few days after treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognostic factors of prenatally diagnosed gastroschisis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognosis of prenatally diagnosed gastroschisis. STUDY DESIGN: In a retrospective study, we analyzed the clinical and echographic data of gastroschisis. These data were correlated with fetal outcome including delivery, surgical procedure, follow-up in the neonatal intensive-case unit and in the gastropediatric unit. RESULT: Twenty cases were analyzed. The overall survival rate was 85%. Classical criteria were analyzed (maximal bowel dilatation, thickening of bowel wall). Fetuses with both severe perivisceritis and meconium-stained amniotic fluid were born earlier than fetuses with mild perivisceritis and normal amniotic fluid (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that an inflammatory response could follow bowel exposure to amniotic fluid. This response could lead to perivisceritis and premature birth. This hypothesis is currently under investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Surgery of congenital defects--present trends].

The objective of the present work is a review of contemporary therapeutic possibilities of neonates with serious developmental defects. Neonatal surgery of congenital developmental defects was in recent decades favourably influenced by the development of neonatology and prenatal diagnosis. Nowadays prenatally diagnosed congenital anomaly is not a primary indication for termination of pregnancy but for comprehensive examination and consultation in a specialized centre. The definite decision regarding continuation of pregnancy or its termination is up to fully informed parents. In the majority neonatal surgery is not surgery of urgent operations, adequately stabilized neonates are operated while ensuring comprehensive extrasurgical care. The prognosis as regards survival and quality of life is favourable for the majority of isolated congenital defects. During the period 1994-2001 at the authors' departments a 73% survival of neonates with an isolated diaphragmatic hernia was recorded, 87% with omphalocele, 93% with gastroschisis, 90% with oesophageal atresia, 97% with anorectal atresia and 100% with intestinal atresia. With declining mortality, in the foreground of interest are problems of early definitive correction of long-term results and quality of life. With regard to the low incidence of different congenital anomalies and the contemporary birth rate in the Czech Republic its is justified to concentrate selected defects in centres which are able to provide comprehensive prenatal and early postnatal treatment.

Digestive System Abnormalities↗
PubMed2003

How much of a misnomer is "asymptomatic" intestinal malrotation?

BACKGROUND: Intestinal malrotation is usually observed in the neonatal period with signs of acute high intestinal obstruction due to midgut volvulus. However, malrotation presenting beyond the neonatal period and well into adult life is associated with a variety of atypical and frequently non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms that may often cause prolonged delay in diagnosis and appropriate treatment. OBJECTIVES: To emphasize the difficulty in predicting the risk of midgut volvulus based on age or symptoms, and to recommend surgery in all patients found to have intestinal malrotation even if they are considered asymptomatic. METHODS: We reviewed 41 patients with malrotation treated over a period of 24 years at the Soroka University Medical Center. RESULTS: In our series, 27 patients (66%) had acute midgut volvulus while 14 (34%) had malrotation found during investigation of various long-term gastrointestinal non-specific symptoms. Two patients died of total parenteral nutrition-related sepsis following extensive resection of small bowel. A total of 28 patients was available for long-term follow-up and are asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend elective laparotomy and Ladd procedure in all patients found to have intestinal malrotation. This will prevent the catastrophic results of midgut volvulus and a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms wrongly attributed to other conditions in the span of a lifetime.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current concepts on gastroschisis].

Present day concepts about history, etiology, embriology, and management of gastroschisis are reviewed and a case is reported; it was treated in two surgical steps. A silastic net was applied and the intestinal loops were gradually introduced until the abdominal defect closed completely. Parenteral feeding was also given.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1992

[Duplication of the alimentary canal in infants and children].

This is a review of 30 duplications of the alimentary tract in 28 patients treated at the Surgical Unit of the Children's Department of the Medical University of Pécs, Hungary and at the Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Medical Academy of Dresden, Germany, from 1964 to 1989. The ages of patients ranged from 1 day to 13 years, 80 per cent were less than 2 years of age at initial presentation. There were 6 thoracic, 20 abdominal and 2 thoracoabdominal duplications. Distended abdomen, vomiting, bowel obstruction and palpable abdominal mass were most frequently encountered. Plain thoracic and abdominal X-rays, ultrasonography, barium esophagogram, barium meal and enema were the most common diagnostic procedures. Emergency operative intervention was required in 18 patients. One infant died of an unrelated disease. Twenty-three duplications were cystic and 3 tubular. One patient had an appendiceal duplication, and another patient a flat lumenless duplication located on the perineum close to the anal opening. The surgical procedure--removal of the duplication--should not be more radical than necessary to eliminate the potential complaints and prevent recurrence. During surgery the common blood supply shared between the duplication and the native bowel must be carefully protected to avoid undue sacrifice of normal bowel.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Digestive physiopathology of the fetus].

The evolution en enzymatic activity in the amniotic fluid follows the various stages of development of the gastrointestinal tract during pregnancy. Before 12 weeks of amenorrhea, no enzymatic activity can be detected, as this period corresponds to the persistence of the pharyngeal and anal membranes. At 13-14 weeks, a very high level of enzymatic activity is suddenly observed in the amniotic fluid, reaching its peak at 16-18 weeks. This phase corresponds to the opening of the pharyngeal membrane, the appearance of swallowing and the opening of the anal membrane. After 18 weeks, the digestive enzyme level progressively decreases until 22-24 weeks, after which date no gastrointestinal enzymatic activity can be evidenced in normal fetuses (probably because of functional anorectal obstruction). We have determined the enzymatic anomalies related to some gastrointestinal deformations (duodenal atresia, cystic fibrosis, atresia of the bile ducts, anorectal atresia).

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1990

[Duplication of the intestinal tract].

Twelve duplications of the alimentary tract in eleven children are reviewed. There was a predominance of the spheric type of duplication as well as the neonatal group of children with clinical sign of tumour in most cases. There were no major problems in resection of spheric duplications but tubular type cases afforded different procedure in each case. Three cases with associated atresias were noted. There was one death related to gastric duplication.

Colon↗