Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Digestive System Abnormalities”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Body fluid compartment changes following neonatal surgery.

The neonate is born with an excess of total body water (TBW) in the range of 75% to 85% of body weight (v 60% in the adult), which is due to a large extracellular fluid volume (ECF) of 40% to 50% of body weight (v 20% in the adult). In an attempt to define the changes that occur in TBW and ECF following neonatal surgery, the following prospective study was carried out. Twenty newborns with major congenital anomalies (gastroschisis, 10; esophageal atresia, 4; ileal atresia, 3; omphalocele, 2; and malrotation, 1) were studied weekly for 4 weeks following surgery while being maintained on a standard protocol of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Total body water was measured using deuterium oxide, and extracellular fluid volume was assayed with sodium bromide; both were expressed as percent body weight (BW). Weight gain or maintenance was observed in all infants. TBW remained unchanged (from 85.4% to 83.0%), and ECF decreased from 51.2% to 36.7% during the observation period. The TBW in the ten gastroschisis infants decreased from 87.3% to 78.0% v the ten other newborns, in whom there was no change (84.0% to 85.0%). The ECF changes were more dramatic, decreasing from 51.6% to 32.3% in the gastroschisis infants, v 50.8% to 45.5% in the other neonates (P = .0156). There were no differences between the two groups in the intake and output of fluids. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) Following major surgery, newborns show a steady decrease in ECF and minimal change in TBW in spite of adequate weight gain while receiving TPN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Body Fluid Compartments↗
PubMed1991

[Malrotation?].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Digestive System Abnormalities↗
PubMed1979

A syndrome of multiple gastrointestinal atresias with intraluminal calcification. A report of a case and a review of the literature.

An infant with multiple gastrointestinal atresias from the stomach to the rectum is reported and the literature concerning this syndrome is reviewed. The syndrome has been reported, to date, exclusively in infants born to families with a French-Canadian background. The radiological hallmark of this syndrome is extensive calcification of intraluminal content between the areas of atresia which appears as rounded or oval homogeneous radiopacities on abdominal radiographs. Inheritance is thought to be autosomal recessive and the etiology is uncertain. All previously reported cases have died. The significance of biliary gas, seen in postoperative films, is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Total parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis: a predisposing factor for sepsis in surgical neonates?

Of 496 neonates and infants less than 1 year of age admitted to the paediatric surgical intensive care unit (PSICU) over a 5 year period (1983-1987), 94 required total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for more than 14 consecutive days, generally due to congenital anomalies of the digestive tract. Cholestasis occurred in 15 of them and 12 of these patients developed sepsis. In contrast, of the 79 patients on TPN that remained free from cholestasis, only 23 developed sepsis. The mortality rate for the TPNAC-group was substantially higher than for the group without TPNAC. It is suggested that development of TPNAC might lead to impairment of non-specific cellular immunity in neonates.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1988

Characteristics of protein sparing effect of total parenteral nutrition in the surgical infant.

To determine the best formula to prevent protein depletion, 31 surgical infants on intravenous (IV) diet were studied. The study was divided into two phases. Phase I diet included 5% glucose and 1.5% or 2% amino acid infusion; phase II diet consisted of 5% glucose and 1.5% or 2% aminoacid plus 10% Intralipid. In each phase, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and energy expenditure were determined. The utilization of carbohydrate, fat, and protein was calculated from urinary nitrogen excretion and nonprotein respiratory quotient. The mean caloric intake during phase I and phase II was 62 and 94 kcal/kg/d, respectively. A positive nitrogen balance was obtained in infants receiving fat-free total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with a mean protein intake of 2.6 g/kg/d and a mean energy intake exceeding the energy expenditure by 24%. Infusion of more calories as Intralipid (phase II) caused a significant reduction in protein oxidation, thus protein contribution to the energy expenditure and an increase in protein retention. We conclude that supplementation of low-calorie TPN diets with Intralipid increases protein sparing and is preferable to the administration of very high glucose loads.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1989

Metabolism of intravenous fat emulsion in the surgical newborn.

The metabolism of an intravenous (IV) fat emulsion was investigated by the combination of chemical balance and computerized indirect calorimetry techniques in 21 newborns (birth weight, 3.0 +/- 0.1 kg; mean +/- SE). All babies were appropriate for gestational age and received total parenteral nutrition after a major surgical procedure. The study was divided into two consecutive periods. Phase 1 consisted of infusion of 10% glucose and 2% amino acid solutions for 24 hours, and phase 2 involved the "Intralipid utilization test" (isocaloric and isovolemic infusion of Intralipid 10% for four hours). The caloric intake was 67.1 +/- 1.9 kcal/kg/d during both phases of the study. The resting energy expenditure was 44.8 +/- 1.6 and 46.5 +/- 1.8 kcal/kg/d during phases 1 and 2 respectively. During glucose/amino acid infusion, 12 patients oxidized endogenous fat, and de novo lipogenesis from glucose was observed in nine. During the Intralipid infusion, there was a significant and progressive decrease of carbon dioxide production, respiratory quotient, and carbohydrate utilization (oxidation plus conversion to fat). Net lipogenesis ended and fat utilization significantly increased. By the second hour of Intralipid infusion, 58% of energy expenditure was derived from fat oxidation. The drop in carbon dioxide production correlated positively with the decrease in carbohydrate utilization (r = .07; P less than .001). During the third and fourth hours of phase 2, the percentage of fat utilized was negatively correlated with the amount of fat given (r = -.07; P less than .01). The surgical neonate showed rapid metabolic adaptation to Intralipid infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Dietary Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1986

Unusual association of upper gastro-intestinal anomalies in a newborn.

We are describing one case of persistent nonbilious post-prandial vomiting in a newborn due to hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, intestinal malrotation and gastric antral diaphragm. Those three anomalies were successively diagnosed as causes of persistent upper gastrointestinal subobstruction.

Digestive System Abnormalities↗
PubMed1992

Alimentary tract duplications in infants and children.

This is a review of 30 duplications of the alimentary tract in 28 patients treated at the Surgical Unit of the Children's Department of the Medical University of Pécs, Hungary, and at the Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Medical Academy of Dresden, Germany, from 1964 to 1989. The ages of patients ranged from 1 day to 13 years, 80 percent were less than 2 years of age at initial presentation. There were 6 thoracic, 20 abdominal and 2 thoraco-abdominal duplications. Distended abdomen, vomiting, bowel obstruction and palpable abdominal mass were most frequently encountered. Plain thoracic and abdominal x-rays, ultrasonography, barium esophagogram, barium meal and enema were the most common diagnostic procedures. Emergency operative intervention was required in 18 patients. One infant died of an unrelated disease. Twenty-three duplications were cystic and 3 tubular. One patient had an appendiceal duplication, and another patient a flat lumenless duplication located on the perineum close to the anal opening. The surgical procedure--removal of the duplication--should not be more radical than necessary to eliminate the potential complaints and prevent recurrence. During surgery the common blood supply shared between the duplication and the native bowel must be carefully protected to avoid undue sacrifice of normal bowel.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Surgical management of alimentary tract duplications.

Alimentary tract duplications are unusual anomalies that may require surgical intervention in the neonate, infant, and occasionally in the older child. The clinical presentation of patients with alimentary tract duplications includes bleeding, abdominal pain, intussusception, and respiratory distress, or it may be an incidental finding on either abdominal examination or chest x-ray. A review of 96 patients with 101 duplications seen over the last 37 years is reported herein. Twenty-one duplications were confined to the thorax; three were thoracoabdominal, and 77 were abdominal. Seventy-four patients presented as infants less than 2 years of age, and 22 patients were older. Ectopic gastric mucosa was found in 21 duplications, and pancreatic tissue was found in five. Seventy-five duplications were cystic and 26 were tubular. Ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and myelography are helpful diagnostic tools. Ninety-four of the 96 patients underwent surgical management for their duplications. One duplication was found at necropsy, and one patient was asymptomatic and did not undergo operation. A single death occurred in a 2-day-old infant who had intrauterine volvulus and meconium peritonitis. Management was based on the age and condition of the patient, the location of the lesion, whether it was cystic or tubular and communicating with the true intestinal lumen, and whether it involved one or more anatomic locations. Generally, total excision was preferred, but staged approaches were sometimes necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The current practice of paediatric surgery in Malaysia.

This 10-year review of surgical conditions in infants at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, highlights some of the more common problems encountered and outlines their management. Anorectal agenesis and Hirschsprung's disease were seen relatively more frequently than other anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract. The management of these two conditions and the operation of colostomy and its complications are singled out and presented in some detail.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1985

Endoscopic laser treatment of vascular anomalies of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Vascular anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract are an important source of both acute and chronic blood loss. They present difficult management problems as they are often multiple, involving more than one part of the gastrointestinal tract, and may give rise to bleeds of increasing frequency and severity over a period of many years. We present the results of endoscopic argon and Nd YAG laser treatment of 18 patients with documented recurrent, severe haemorrhage from vascular lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract with follow up of up to five years. Four patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, five with single angiodysplasias and three with multiple angiodysplasias have had their transfusion requirements reduced to minimal levels after one or more courses of laser treatment. Two of these have required no blood for over two years despite previous total requirements of 52 and 129 units of blood. Four patients were submitted to surgery (two in whom the laser failed to control haemorrhage and two who did not have immediate access to laser therapy at the time of severe bleed). Two of these, however, bled again soon afterwards. Two patients are still undergoing courses of laser therapy although have already shown reductions in transfusion requirements. Both lasers were effective. The Nd YAG laser appears to produce better long term results as its greater penetration makes it possible to ablate the main areas of vascular ectasia in the submucosa, although it does have a slightly higher risk of causing haemorrhage in the first few days after treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current concepts on gastroschisis].

Present day concepts about history, etiology, embriology, and management of gastroschisis are reviewed and a case is reported; it was treated in two surgical steps. A silastic net was applied and the intestinal loops were gradually introduced until the abdominal defect closed completely. Parenteral feeding was also given.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1992

[Duplication of the alimentary canal in infants and children].

This is a review of 30 duplications of the alimentary tract in 28 patients treated at the Surgical Unit of the Children's Department of the Medical University of Pécs, Hungary and at the Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Medical Academy of Dresden, Germany, from 1964 to 1989. The ages of patients ranged from 1 day to 13 years, 80 per cent were less than 2 years of age at initial presentation. There were 6 thoracic, 20 abdominal and 2 thoracoabdominal duplications. Distended abdomen, vomiting, bowel obstruction and palpable abdominal mass were most frequently encountered. Plain thoracic and abdominal X-rays, ultrasonography, barium esophagogram, barium meal and enema were the most common diagnostic procedures. Emergency operative intervention was required in 18 patients. One infant died of an unrelated disease. Twenty-three duplications were cystic and 3 tubular. One patient had an appendiceal duplication, and another patient a flat lumenless duplication located on the perineum close to the anal opening. The surgical procedure--removal of the duplication--should not be more radical than necessary to eliminate the potential complaints and prevent recurrence. During surgery the common blood supply shared between the duplication and the native bowel must be carefully protected to avoid undue sacrifice of normal bowel.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Digestive physiopathology of the fetus].

The evolution en enzymatic activity in the amniotic fluid follows the various stages of development of the gastrointestinal tract during pregnancy. Before 12 weeks of amenorrhea, no enzymatic activity can be detected, as this period corresponds to the persistence of the pharyngeal and anal membranes. At 13-14 weeks, a very high level of enzymatic activity is suddenly observed in the amniotic fluid, reaching its peak at 16-18 weeks. This phase corresponds to the opening of the pharyngeal membrane, the appearance of swallowing and the opening of the anal membrane. After 18 weeks, the digestive enzyme level progressively decreases until 22-24 weeks, after which date no gastrointestinal enzymatic activity can be evidenced in normal fetuses (probably because of functional anorectal obstruction). We have determined the enzymatic anomalies related to some gastrointestinal deformations (duodenal atresia, cystic fibrosis, atresia of the bile ducts, anorectal atresia).

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1990

[Duplication of the intestinal tract].

Twelve duplications of the alimentary tract in eleven children are reviewed. There was a predominance of the spheric type of duplication as well as the neonatal group of children with clinical sign of tumour in most cases. There were no major problems in resection of spheric duplications but tubular type cases afforded different procedure in each case. Three cases with associated atresias were noted. There was one death related to gastric duplication.

Colon↗