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PubMed2026

Comfort and Usability of Digital Versus Conventional Custom-Fit Mouthguards: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The use of mouthguards protects teeth and the supporting tissues against impacts. Digital impressions and 3D-printed models can reduce manufacturing steps and minimize discomfort. This study evaluated the fit, comfort, and usability of custom-made mouthguards, obtained by conventional and digital workflow, in amateur athletes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Amateur athletes were recruited for this randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical study. Each participant received two 4-mm-thick custom-fit mouthguards made of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) sheets using two protocols: conventional impression using alginate to produce dental stone cast (CMP) and intraoral digital scanning to produce 3D-printed resin models (DMP). Each mouthguard was worn during all training and matches over 3 months. The order of mouthguard use was randomly assigned. Patient satisfaction with the impression protocol and mouthguard use, model accuracy, and mouthguard fit were assessed. RESULTS: Overall, 46 participants completed the study. The DMP protocol required less execution time (p = 0.023), caused less discomfort (p = 0.018), anxiety (p = 0.008), nausea (p = 0.027), difficulty breathing (p < 0.001), and unpleasant taste (p = 0.006) compared to the CMP protocol. The pain (p = 0.971) perceived by the participants was similar in both impression protocols. The CMP-mouthguards were considered to be better fitting by the majority of participants (p = 0.027). Between-group comparisons revealed that DMP-mouthguard caused less discomfort immediately postadaptation (p = 0.034), with no significant differences observed at 30 or 90 days. CONCLUSIONS: The digital workflow demonstrated to be efficient in the fabrication of mouthguards. Digital impression was more comfortable, requiring less execution time, with more accurate printed models and produced mouthguards with reported comfort and fit levels similar to those manufactured conventionally.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Visualizing the future: impact of holographic visualization on teaching minimally invasive veneer preparation: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive veneer preparation in prosthodontic education requires advanced spatial understanding and psychomotor precision. Although immersive technologies are increasingly used in dental education, evidence regarding the educational effectiveness of holographic visualization in prosthodontics remains limited. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of holographic visualization on preparation quality and student-reported educational outcomes during preclinical training in minimally invasive veneer preparation. METHODS: Sixty undergraduate dental students were randomly assigned to receive either conventional two-dimensional photographic visualization (n = 30) or holographic three-dimensional visualization (n = 30). Following a standardized calibration session and baseline preparation, participants performed a second veneer preparation after exposure to the assigned visualization modality. Preparations were independently assessed by two blinded evaluators using a predefined scoring rubric. Within-group changes were analysed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and between-group differences were assessed using analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline performance. Student-reported outcomes were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests with false discovery rate correction. RESULTS: Both groups showed significant improvements in preparation quality from baseline to post-intervention (both p < 0.001). However, no significant between-group differences were observed (adjusted mean difference: 0.60 points; 95% confidence interval: -0.48 to 1.67; p = 0.269). Overall student-reported outcomes were comparable between groups. Spatial understanding showed the largest between-group effect in favour of holographic visualization, although this difference was not significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Holographic visualization was highly accepted by students, and 70% supported its future integration into dental education. CONCLUSIONS: Although holographic visualization did not significantly improve immediate preparation quality compared with conventional two-dimensional photographs, it was highly accepted by students and showed the largest observed effect for perceived spatial understanding. These findings suggest that holographic visualization may primarily support spatial understanding and represent a valuable adjunct for teaching complex three-dimensional concepts in preclinical prosthodontic education. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), DRKS00040713, prospectively registered on 22 June 2026.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) of polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) dental implants: A systematic review of the effect of printing parameters on mechanical behaviour and surface quality.

PURPOSE: This systematic review evaluated how FDM printing parameters influence mechanical behaviour and surface characteristics of 3D-printed PEEK and identified parameter combinations linked to the most favourable mechanical performance and surface quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic search was conducted in: MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Compendex (last update: January 2025). Studies that evaluated the effect of FDM printing parameters on mechanical and surface properties of PEEK were included. Outcomes comprised compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, surface hardness, roughness, and wettability. RESULTS: Of 4005 reports screened, 54 manuscripts were included. 92.6% (n = 50) of articles showed low risk-of-bias, while 7.4% (n = 4) showed medium risk-of-bias. Tensile strength was the most investigated mechanical parameter (78%), followed by elastic modulus (41%), flexural strength (30%), compressive strength (20%), and fracture toughness (6%). Surface roughness was the most evaluated surface property (30%), followed by hardness (17%) and wettability (6%). Across studies, higher printing temperatures, lower printing speed, thinner layer thickness, and maximum infill ratio in a horizontal printing orientation were associated with higher strengths, less warpage, increased accuracy, and improved surface quality. CONCLUSION: Specific combinations of FDM printing parameters can significantly improve the mechanical and surface properties of PEEK. However, it is difficult to meet all the optimal conditions simultaneously. Thus, balancing between different parameters must be considered in practical production.

Benzophenones↗

PubMed2026

Evaluation of intravenous sedation in dental implant surgeries: A prospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of intravenous sedation on patient-centered outcomes during implant and bone augmentation surgeries. METHOD: A prospective observational cohort study included 40 patients undergoing placement of ≥3 implants, with or without bone augmentation. Patients underwent surgery under either intravenous sedation (n = 20) or local anesthesia alone (n = 20), according to routine clinical decision-making and patient preference. The sedation group received intravenous sedation with a multimodal regimen comprising remimazolam, dexmedetomidine, alfentanil, and low-dose esketamine, whereas the control group received local anesthesia only. Patient-reported outcome measures, hemodynamic parameters (SBP, DBP, HR, SpO2), postoperative pain (0-10 scale), and OHRQoL (OHIP-14) were recorded from baseline through 7 days post-surgery. RESULTS: Intravenous sedation was associated with significantly lower intraoperative pain (0.5 [IQR: 0∼2.75] vs. 3.25 ± 2.40, p = 0.003), anxiety (1 [IQR: 0∼2.75] vs. 4 [IQR: 3∼6], p = 0.001), and experienced discomfort (2 [IQR: 1∼3.75] vs. 4.15 ± 2.16, p = 0.016), and shortened perceived treatment duration (2.90 ± 2.34 vs. 5 [IQR: 4∼5], p = 0.020). Early postoperative pain was lower in the sedation group from Days 1-4 (p = 0.003-0.010). Hemodynamic parameters were more stable under sedation, with lower SBP (116.42 ± 13.32 vs. 144.11 ± 17.42 mmHg, p < 0.001), DBP (73.21 ± 10.28 vs. 82.37 ± 11.03 mmHg, p = 0.012), and HR (71.00 [IQR: 62.50∼79.25] vs. 85.00 ± 10.72 bpm, p = 0.021). OHRQoL scores favored the sedation group in swallowing, diet, malaise, and daily activities, particularly during the first three postoperative days (p=0.006-0.040). CONCLUSION: Intravenous sedation may enhance the patient experience during implant and/or bone augmentation procedures by reducing intraoperative pain and anxiety, improving hemodynamic stability, and promoting better early-postoperative recovery and OHRQoL. These findings suggest that intravenous sedation provides a safe and effective alternative for implant dentistry surgery, particularly for anxious or pain-sensitive individuals.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The use of diode laser and scalpel blade in stage-two dental implant surgery: a comparative study.

OBJECTIVE: The use of lasers in dental implant procedures raises questions regarding the preservation of keratinized tissues and implant outcomes. This study aimed to compare the clinical effects (pain and impression time) and soft tissue healing (keratinization, peri-implant probing, bleeding, and healing) of diode lasers and scalpels used during stage-two dental implant surgery. METHOD AND MATERIALS: A prospective randomized clinical trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio was conducted. The study included 30 patients, each with a single, fully osseointegrated implant. Patients were categorized into two groups. The study group underwent stage-two implant surgery using a 970-nm diode laser. In the control group, implants were exposed using a conventional surgical blade. A comparison between the diode laser and conventional scalpel groups was made based on clinical outcomes (pain and impression time) and soft tissue healing (keratinization, peri-implant probing, bleeding, and healing). Data were analyzed using a paired t test. RESULTS: Pain intensity significantly decreased from immediate postoperative to 7 days in both scalpel (49.87 ± 6.78, t = 28.48, df = 14, P .001) and diode laser (7.67 ± 7.58, t = 3.91, df = 14, P = .002) groups. Immediately after surgery, pain scores were significantly higher in the scalpel group compared with the diode laser group (94.53 ± 4.45 vs 46.93 ± 5.85, t = 25.076, df = 26.151, P .001). Although pain decreased in both groups by day 7, the scalpel group continued to exhibit significantly greater pain (44.67 ± 5.96 vs 39.27 ± 3.73, t = 2.974, df = 23.513, P = .007). Impression time (P = .231) and gingival keratinized tissue (P = .736) did not differ significantly between the scalpel and diode laser approaches. At week 6, the scalpel group exhibited a significantly higher mean peri-implant bleeding index (2.60 ± 0.507) compared with the laser group (0.07 ± 0.258, P .001). However, after 12 weeks, no significant difference was observed (1.58 ± 0.19 vs 1.55 ± 0.21, P = .748). Laser surgery produced significantly better early wound healing at all intervals (P .001), while intraoperative bleeding was more common with the scalpel technique than with the diode laser (100.0% vs 66.7%, P = .042). CONCLUSION: Compared with the scalpel method, the diode laser method resulted in a significant reduction in pain intensity, improved wound healing, and less peri-implant bleeding during the stage-two dental implant surgery.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Experimental validation of an AI-driven digital healthcare platform for oral health behavior and plaque assessment among vietnamese children.

BACKGROUND: Oral health among children in developing countries, including Vietnam, remains a significant public health concern. Innovative approaches leveraging artificial intelligence AI-based digital health platforms may offer effective strategies for managing dental plaque and promoting better oral hygiene behaviors among school-aged children. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an AI-driven oral healthcare platform (Denti-i Vietnam) in improving oral hygiene and behavioral outcomes among Vietnamese primary school students. METHODS: A total of 204 primary school students aged 8-10 years in Hanoi, Vietnam, participated in this experimental study. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 107), which used the AI-driven oral healthcare platform, and a comparison group (n = 97), which received traditional oral health education via pamphlets. Oral health behaviors, dental plaque levels (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index; OHI-S), and caries indices (dft/DMFT) were assessed at baseline and after the intervention period. RESULTS: The intervention group demonstrated a significant reduction in the OHI-S score compared to baseline (2.49 ± 0.60 to 1.70 ± 0.76, p < 0.001), particularly in the debris component, indicating enhanced plaque control. Notable improvements were also observed in oral hygiene behaviors, including increased frequency of toothbrushing before and after breakfast (p < 0.01) and more frequent parental assistance during brushing (p = 0.03). Furthermore, parental awareness of dental caries significantly increased in the intervention group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The AI-driven oral healthcare platform significantly improved both oral hygiene behaviors and plaque control among Vietnamese primary school children. These findings suggest that AI-driven digital health tools can serve as practical and scalable solutions for promoting oral health in developing countries.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Challenges and future directions in AI-driven biomaterials for microbiome-associated oral infectious diseases: A systematic review.

Oral biofilm-induced antimicrobial resistance is the core pathogenic mechanism of microbiome-associated oral infectious diseases (dental caries, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and endodontic infection). Traditional therapies and biomaterials are limited by poor biofilm penetration, drug resistance induction, single functionality, and inadequate adaptation to dynamic oral microenvironmental changes (e.g., pH fluctuations, salivary rinsing, masticatory stimulation). Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed the field by integrating materials science, microbiology, and stomatology data. Via machine learning, deep learning, and multi-physics simulation, AI optimizes biomaterial physicochemical properties, decodes microenvironmental signals, constructs precise sensing-response loops, and supports the full chain of material design, performance prediction, and action simulation, advancing treatment from empirical intervention to precision regulation. This systematic review retrieved literature from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science (January 2016-January 2026) using keywords across three dimensions: AI, biomaterials, and oral microbiome. Following inclusion/exclusion criteria, 99 articles were included. It elaborates on five core mechanisms of AI-driven oral biomaterials (precise oral microbiome analysis, targeted material design/optimization, performance prediction/simulation, targeted delivery/intervention, effect evaluation/dynamic regulation), analyzes their applications in microbiome-targeted biomaterial research and development (R&D) and clinical practice for the four major oral infectious diseases, addresses technical bottlenecks (insufficient targeting specificity and precision of biomaterials, poor stability and durability in complex oral microenvironments, inadequate biofilm disruption capacity, and clinical translation obstacles), and proposes future directions (multimodal design to enhance targeting specificity, structural and component optimization to improve stability/durability, development of multi-mechanism synergistic biofilm disruption strategies, strengthening translational research for clinical application, and deep integration of AI in the full chain of biomaterial R&D). This work provides comprehensive theoretical and practical support for the R&D, optimization, and clinical translation of AI-driven microbiome-targeted oral biomaterials.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effectiveness of different anaesthetic techniques, agents and adjunctive interventions in handling pain during dental treatment of MIH-affected teeth: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is frequently associated with hypersensitivity, dental anxiety and reduced efficacy of local anaesthesia, complicating pain control during dental treatment in children. AIM: To evaluate, based exclusively on randomised controlled trials (RCTs), the effectiveness of different local anaesthetic techniques, agents and adjunctive interventions in reducing pain during dental treatment of MIH-affected teeth in children. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251150485). MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, EBSCO, and LILACS were searched up to September 2025. Eligible studies were RCTs involving children and adolescents (6 - 18 years-of-age) with MIH, assessing pain outcomes during dental procedures. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool, and certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: Eight RCTs were included. Low-certainty evidence suggested that intraosseous anaesthesia and 4% articaine may reduce intra-operative pain compared with conventional techniques or 2% lidocaine. Adjunctive cryotherapy and pre-emptive ibuprofen showed potential benefits, but evidence was of very low certainty and limited to single trials. Findings for photobiomodulation were inconsistent across studies. Most trials were judged to be at high risk of bias, primarily due to lack of blinding and reliance on subjective pain outcomes. CONCLUSION: Current evidence supporting specific pain management strategies for MIH-affected teeth is limited and of low certainty. Whilst 4% articaine and intraosseous anaesthesia appear promising, well-designed, adequately powered RCTs with standardised pain outcomes are required to inform robust clinical recommendations.

Local anaesthesia↗

PubMed2026

Impact of a CARE-ORIENT Education Program on Oral Hygiene Among Institutionalized Older Adults: A Double Blinded Cluster Randomized Controlled Study.

BACKGROUND: Older adults residing in long-term care facilities often depend on caregivers for daily oral care. Inadequate caregiver training may contribute to poor plaque control and denture hygiene. METHODS: A six-month parallel-arm cluster randomized controlled study was conducted in selected long-term care facilities in Northern India. Two old age homes were randomly selected, with one allocated to the intervention group and the other to the control group. A total of 150 older adults and 46 caregivers participated. Caregivers in the intervention group received a structured caregiver oriented oral health education. Clinical assessments were performed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Outcomes included Debris Index, Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman Plaque Index, Denture Plaque Index and Denture Stomatitis Index. Caregiver knowledge and practice were evaluated using a validated questionnaire. RESULTS: Caregiver knowledge and practice scores improved significantly in the intervention group at 3 and 6 months. Significant differences were observed in Debris Index (DI), Plaque Index (PI), and Denture Plaque Index (DPI) in the intervention group over the six-month follow-up (p < 0.001). The Debris Index decreased from 2.76 ± 0.07 at baseline to 1.54 ± 0.05 at 6 months. Plaque Index scores declined from 3.26 ± 0.06 to 1.85 ± 0.08, and Denture Plaque Index scores reduced from 3.22 ± 0.03 to 1.74 ± 0.05. Denture Stomatitis Index improved over time; however, intergroup differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Structured caregiver-focused oral health education significantly improved oral hygiene among institutionalized older adults over six months, supporting integration of caregiver training within routine long-term care.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Pre-clinical evaluation of the anticaries effect of an experimental Malva sylvestris extract mouthwash using a cariogenic model in situ.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and anticariogenic potential of Malva sylvestris extract on enamel and dentin in situ. METHODS: A double-blind crossover in situ study was conducted with 12 participants wearing palatal appliances containing two bovine enamel and two dentin specimens per 3 phases, a total of 72 enamel and dentin specimens. Biofilm formation and daily sucrose exposure were allowed. Treatments were applied twice daily in three phases: Malva sylvestris (2.5%, MS); fluoride (225 ppm, F); and placebo (P). After seven days, biofilm was collected from the bovine specimens for analysis of Lactobacillus spp. and mutans streptococci by Colony Forming Unit counts (CFU log₁₀/mL). Dental demineralization of the bovine specimens was assessed by transverse microradiography (TMR). RESULTS: MS did not reduce Lactobacillus spp. counts (CFU log₁₀/mL: enamel 6.63±0.81; dentin 6.68±0.92) compared to P (6.63±0.70; 6.62±0.51). F also did not differ (6.29±0.75; 6.32±0.41; ANOVA/Tukey, p>0.38). Mutans streptococci data were inconclusive. In enamel, both MS (2320.8±768.2 %vol·µm; 101.6±27.0 µm) and F (1777.3±733.3 %vol·µm; 95.8±23.5 µm) significantly reduced integrated mineral loss and lesion depth compared to P (3517.2±1119.9 %vol·µm; 138.6±19.5 µm; ANOVA/Tukey, p≤0.0003). In dentin, MS significantly reduced integrated mineral loss (322.5 [250-580] %vol·µm) and lesion depth (30.1 [15-42.2] µm) compared to P (880 [580-1705]; 58.3 [32.2-88.6] µm; Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn, p≤0.001), while F (587.5 [305-720]; 25.2 [16.5-38.8] µm) did not differ significantly (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Malva sylvestris extract had no antimicrobial effect on Lactobacillus spp. counts, but significantly reduced enamel and dentin demineralization, showing anticaries effect comparable to fluoride. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Malva sylvestris has demonstrated promising biological activity. This study investigates the antimicrobial efficacy of Malva sylvestris against cariogenic microorganisms in situ. Our findings provide relevant evidence that M. sylvestris exert significant anticaries effects using an in situ model.

Biofilms↗

PubMed2026

Clinical performance of a giomer-based pit and fissure sealant with and without air-abrasion pretreatment: a 12-month randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Pit and fissure sealants are widely used for caries prevention; however, their long-term success depends largely on retention. Giomer-based sealants containing surface pre-reacted glass ionomer fillers offer bioactive properties, yet concerns remain regarding their bonding durability when applied with mild self-etch primers. This randomized clinical trial evaluated the effect of bioactive glass air-abrasion pretreatment on the retention and caries preventive efficacy of a giomer-based sealant in young adults over 12 months. METHODS: This parallel-arm randomized clinical trial included 96 participants, each contributing one eligible sound permanent molar (n = 48 per group). Participants were randomly allocated to either bioactive glass air-abrasion pretreatment followed by application of a giomer-based sealant (intervention group) or application of the same sealant without pretreatment (comparator group). Sealant retention and secondary caries incidence were evaluated at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months using Simonsen's criteria, and modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria, respectively. The primary outcome was sealant retention at 12 months, whereas secondary caries incidence was assessed as a secondary outcome. Intergroup comparisons were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Intragroup comparisons were analyzed using Cochran's Q test followed by multiple comparisons. Relative risk with 95% confidence intervals was calculated. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: At 6 months, complete sealant retention was observed in 91.7% of teeth in the intervention group and 75.0% in the comparator group, with no statistically significant difference between groups (p = 0.068). At 12 months, complete sealant retention was significantly higher in the intervention group (87.5%) than in the comparator group (33.3%) (p < 0.0001). Teeth in the intervention group exhibited an 81.25% lower risk of sealant retention failure compared with the comparator group (RR = 0.1875; 95% CI: 0.0864-0.4069; p < 0.0001). No differences in secondary caries incidence were detected between groups during the 12-month follow-up period (p = 1.0000). CONCLUSIONS: Bioactive glass air-abrasion pretreatment significantly improved the retention of a giomer-based fissure sealant compared with sealant application without pretreatment. No differences in secondary caries incidence were detected between groups during the 12-month follow-up period. Incorporating mechanical surface conditioning prior to sealant placement may enhance sealant retention without compromising preventive efficacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ , (NCT06003452), 15-08-2023.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Evaluating Patient Satisfaction and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14): A Multicenter Crossover Study Comparing Selective Pressure Impression Conventional Dentures with Mucostatic Digital Dentures.

PURPOSE: To compare patient satisfaction and oral health impact between individuals receiving complete dentures made by digital methods and those using conventional techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized crossover clinical trial, 23 patients aged 40 years and older with completely edentulous arches were enrolled at three treatment centers. Each participant received two sets of complete dentures: one set created using conventional methods (selective pressure impression) and the other through digital techniques (mucostatic digital impression). The order of denture placement was randomized, with each set used for 4 weeks. A trained specialist administered treatments alongside research tools, including a general information questionnaire, a denture satisfaction survey, and the OHIP-14 interview tool. Statistical analysis was conducted using Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Participants with digital dentures reported significantly higher satisfaction regarding treatment duration, comfort, confidence, chewing ability, esthetics, and overall satisfaction compared to those with conventional dentures. There were no significant differences in satisfaction concerning speech and pronunciation. Overall, the oral health impact on quality of life was similar between denture types, but participants indicated improved quality of life while using dentures compared to being edentulous. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with digital dentures exhibited greater satisfaction across various domains compared to those with conventional dentures, despite similar satisfaction levels in speech and pronunciation. The impact on quality of life was comparable between both types, as measured by the OHIP-14.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy in Lateral Luxation of Anterior Permanent Teeth: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Among the traumatic dental injuries (TDIs), lateral luxation may present poor prognosis due to frequent root resorption and consequent tooth loss. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) modulates cellular activities (proliferation, differentiation, growth factor secretion) and may improve outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated PBMT (660 vs. 808 nm) for post-operative pain and pulp sensitivity recovery in lateral luxation of permanent anterior teeth. METHODS: Initially, 41 patients were included, with a total of 63 teeth traumatized by lateral luxation and were allocated to G1 (n = 21): Splinting + sham PBM (placebo), G2 (n = 21): Splinting + 808 nm infrared PBM and G3 (n = 21): Splinting + 660 nm red PBM. Four weekly sessions (3 J/point, 3 points) were administered. Pain (by numeric rating scale) and pulp sensitivity (by cold test) were assessed weekly. Pain was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by multiple comparisons using Dunn's method with Bonferroni correction, and pulp sensitivity by a logistic regression model (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Three participants (total of 5 teeth) were excluded due to loss to follow-up. Fifty-eight teeth were analyzed (G1 = 21, G2 = 17, G3 = 20). Pain: All groups showed a significant reduction in pain over time (p < 0.001). Both G2 and G3 demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in pain compared to G1 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.026, respectively). No significant difference in pain reduction was observed between G2 and G3. Pulp sensitivity: G2 showed a significant improvement over time (p < 0.001), despite starting from a more unfavorable baseline. In contrast, no significant change in pulp sensitivity was observed for G1 or G3 between the initial and final assessments. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this clinical study, all intervention groups were effective in reducing pain in lateral luxation of permanent anterior teeth, with superior results for laser groups compared to the placebo. However, only the 808 nm laser irradiation protocol demonstrated a significant improvement in pulp sensitivity, suggesting it may offer a more complete therapeutic response.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Dynamics of soil fungal communities restored with biochar from a quarry site.

Quarrying activities have intensified due to population expansion, leading to landscape degradation and ecological destruction. Quarry restoration is usually mandatory in Hong Kong, China. Although biochar is used for sustainable soil amendment, its effectiveness in restoring quarry soil with poor properties has rarely been investigated. A 24-month field study was conducted to evaluate the ecological feasibility of restoring a quarry site by using native species (that is, Castanopsis fissa and Cyclobalanopsis edithiae) and biochar amendment. The results revealed that after 24 months, the application of biochar increased the organic carbon, phosphorus and potassium of the vegetated soil by at least 120 %, 31 % and 12 %, respectively, due to higher cation exchange capacity and better plant growth. The relative abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota increased by 24 % and 47 % with biochar application when C. fissa was planted, which was likely associated with the improved nutrient cycling and soil fertility. Even though adding biochar to bare soil was found to increase the complexity of fungal co-occurrence networks, biochar application only increased fungal diversity in vegetated quarry soil but usually reduced its fungal richness. Moreover, fungal co-occurrence networks in vegetated soil became less complex, suggesting that biochar potentially helped plants to assemble specific, beneficial fungal communities. This effect is most pronounced in the soil planted with C. edithiae, where the structure of fungal communities after 24 months was significantly different from that at other restoration times. This study identifies key fungal phyla enhanced by biochar in quarry soil and provides an effective strategy for facilitating the restoration and management of degraded lands, especially quarry sites.

Charcoal↗

PubMed2026

Influence of nicotine on protein expression around hydrophilic osseointegrated implants: A proteomic study in male rats.

OBJECTIVE: To ensure the success of dental implant treatment, various factors must be considered, including osseointegration and systemic conditions. There is evidence in the literature that smokers may exhibit alterations in tissue healing, which can compromise the success of implant rehabilitation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of nicotine on the protein profile of bone tissue around hydrophilic implants during the osseointegration process in rats. DESIGN: Bone tissue samples from the control and nicotine groups (n = 3 per group) were subjected to protein extraction, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatic analyses. Protein identification was performed using Proteome Discoverer 2.1 software and the SEQUEST algorithm, and the protein data were compared with those of a protein database of Rattus norvegicus obtained from UniProt. RESULTS: A total of 740 proteins were detected in both the control group and the nicotine-exposed group. Among them, the proteins biglycan, periostin and histone H4 were highlighted because of their higher abundance in the healthy implant group, while they were reduced in the nicotine-exposed group. CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine has the potential to alter the protein profile of bone tissue around hydrophilic implants during osseointegration, which may impair tissue remodeling and healing.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Proteomic profiling reveals that DPP4 overexpression increases cell adhesion, inhibits cell migration, and restores androgen sensitivity in prostate cancer.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), a serine protease with both enzymatic and non-enzymatic roles, has emerged as a context-dependent modulator of tumor progression. In the present study, we investigated the expression and function of DPP4 in androgen-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) models. Proteomic analysis of androgen-resistant prostate cells overexpressing DPP4 identified the involvement of the cellular adhesion molecules pathway. In prostate cells, lentiviral-mediated DPP4 overexpression restored androgen receptor signaling, inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and reduced cell migration, whereas DPP4 silencing produced the opposite effects. We demonstrate that DPP4 expression is down-regulated in CRPC cells and that treatment with capsaicin (CAP), a bioactive compound derived from red peppers, restores DPP4 expression. Moreover, DPP4 restoration by CAP suppresses prostate tumorigenesis in the TRAMP mice in vivo model of prostate cancer. Our results suggest that DPP4 could be a new target for CRPC.

Male↗

PubMed2026

Ecological Restoration of the Soil-Like Function in the Bauxite Residue: Natural Microbiomes Mediated Molecular Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter.

Soilization of bauxite residues offers a scalable route for long-term carbon management and ecological restoration. However, the microbial processes that transform exogenous organic inputs into stable soil-like carbon pools remain poorly resolved. Here, we combined cross-ecosystem meta-analysis, machine-learning prediction, native synthetic community (SynCom) construction, 13C-labeled straw microcosms, field validation, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, and genome-resolved metagenomics to unravel microbiome-mediated carbon transformation at the dissolved organic matter (DOM) molecular scale. Our meta-analysis revealed that alkaline industrial wastes retained soil-like DOM signatures but were enriched in microbial humic- and protein-like components, indicating active yet incomplete carbon processing. Guided by these patterns, native SynCom inoculation increased 13C incorporation into total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), enlarged biodegradable and adsorbable DOC fractions, and shifted DOM from recalcitrant aromatic pools toward oxygenated carbohydrate-, tannin-, and phenolic-like molecular classes. Genome-resolved analyses linked this transformation to complementary polymer degradation and nutrient-cycling functions across fungal and bacterial guilds, including enriched carbohydrate-active enzymes in straw-carbon-utilizing metagenome-assembled genomes. Null model and thermodynamic analyses further showed that microbial communities were constrained by homogeneous selection, whereas DOM molecules were diversified through variable selection and redox-dependent transformation. Field-scale validation confirmed that SynCom promoted TOC and DOC accumulation and humic-like, high-density DOM fractions under alkaline conditions. Together, these findings establish a mechanistic framework in which functional microbiomes couple plant carbon depolymerization, DOM molecular diversification, and mineral-interactive carbon stabilization, providing a microbiome-guided strategy for carbon sequestration and soilization in the bauxite residue.

Soil↗

PubMed2026

Comparison of conventional and micro-surgical techniques for gingival recession using collagen matrix: Randomised controlled split-mouth clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the microsurgical approach in treating gingival recession with collagen matrix by comparing it with Conventional surgery in terms of clinical and patient-centered outcomes. METHODS: A total of 29 patients with bilateral gingival recession in the maxillary canine and/or premolar region were selected. After randomisation, bilateral recession sites were grouped into the test group (Microsurgery under 3.5 X magnification) and the control group (Conventional surgery). All the clinical and patient-reported parameters were recorded at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Both groups showed statistically significant differences in terms of reduction in gingival recession height (GRH), gingival recession width (GRW), clinical attachment level gain (CAL gain), increase in keratinized tissue thickness (KTT) and keratinized tissue width (KTW) after 6 months. But intergroup comparison showed no significant difference in terms of clinical parameters. The only significant difference was noted in terms of patient-centred parameters (Patient satisfactory score, Hypersensitivity score, Root aesthetic scores), which favoured the microsurgical group. CONCLUSIONS: Both groups demonstrated comparable clinical improvement; However, Patient-centred parameters were significantly better with the Microsurgical approach. Selection of the surgical approach should balance patient needs with practical considerations like cost, time, and clinician proficiency.

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