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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Interactive display of volumetric data by Fast Fourier Projection.

This article describes a new algorithm for reprojection of volumetric data, called Fast Fourier Projection (FFP), which is one to two orders of magnitude faster than conventional methods such as ray casting. The theoretical basis of the new method is developed in a unified mathematical framework encompassing slice imaging and conventional volumetric reprojection methods. Software implementation is discussed in detail. The article closes with an account of experience with a prototype FFP implementation, and applications of the technique in medical visualization.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three-dimensional volumetric display of CT data: effect of scan parameters upon image quality.

Of the many steps involved in producing high quality three-dimensional (3D) images of CT data, the data acquisition step is of greatest consequence. The principle of "garbage in, garbage out" applies to 3D imaging--bad scanning technique produces equally bad 3D images. We present a formal study of the effect of two basic scanning parameters, slice thickness and slice spacing, on image quality. Three standard test objects were studied using variable CT scanning parameters. The objects chosen were a bone phantom, a cadaver femur with a simulated 5 mm fracture gap, and a cadaver femur with a simulated 1 mm fracture gap. Each object was scanned at three collimations: 8, 4, and 2 mm. For each collimation, four sets of scans were performed using four slice intervals: 8, 4, 3, and 2 mm. The bone phantom was scanned in two positions: oriented perpendicular to the scanning plane and oriented 45 degrees from the scanning plane. Three-dimensional images of the resulting 48 sets of data were produced using volumetric rendering. Blind review of the resultant 48 data sets was performed by three reviewers rating five factors for each image. The images resulting from scans with thin collimation and small table increments proved to rate the highest in all areas. The data obtained using 2 mm slice intervals proved to rate the highest in perceived image quality. Three millimeter slice spacing with 4 mm collimation, which clinically provides a good compromise between image quality and acquisition time and dose, also produced good perceived image quality. The studies with 8 mm slice intervals provided the least detail and introduced the worst inaccuracies and artifacts and were not suitable for clinical use. Statistical analysis demonstrated that slice interval (i.e., table incrementation) was of primary importance and slice collimation was of secondary, although significant, importance in determining perceived 3D image quality.

Data Display↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Real-time display of flow-pressure-volume loops.

Graphic display of respiratory waveforms can be valuable for monitoring the progress of ventilated patients. A system has been developed that can display flow-pressure-volume loops as derived from a patient's respiratory circuit in real time. It can also display, store, print, and retrieve ventilatory waveforms. Five loops can be displayed at once: current, previous, reference, "ideal," and previously saved. Two components, the data-display device (DDD) and the data-collection device (DCD), comprise the system. An IBM 286/386 computer with a graphics card (VGA) and bidirectional parallel port is used for the DDD; an eight-bit microprocessor card and an A/D convertor card make up the DCD. A real-time multitasking operating system was written to control the DDD, while the DCD operates from in-line assembly code. The DCD samples the pressure and flow sensors at 100 Hz and looks for a complete flow waveform pattern based on flow slope. These waveforms are then passed to the DDD via the mutual parallel port. Within the DDD a process integrates the flow to create a volume signal and performs a multilinear regression on the pressure, flow, and volume data to calculate the elastance, resistance, pressure offset, and coefficient of determination. Elastance, resistance, and offset are used to calculate Pr and Pc where: Pr[k] = P[k]-offset-(elastance.V[k]) and Pc[k] = P[k]-offset-(resistance.F[k]). Volume vs. Pc and flow vs. Pr can be displayed in real time. Patient data from previous clinical tests were loaded into the device to verify the software calculations. An analog waveform generator was used to simulate flow and pressure waveforms that validated the system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1977

FP/MIS: a management information system for a community family planning clinic.

The management information system (FP/MIS) used by the Howard University Center for Family Planning Services, which operates community family planning clinics in Washington, D.C. is described. The system was developed to satisfy program objectives in patient management, program planning and evaluation, resource management, federal reporting systems and clinical, epidemiological and health services research. The data collection forms used in the system and the output from the four data display groups--patient profile, resource management, quality of care and epidemiology-are described along with examples of their use.

Computers↗
PubMed1978

Readers' forum: experiences with a system. The implementation of a completely operational computer system in a cardio-thoracic department.

Wythenshawe Hospital is a large general district hospital with more than 1000 beds, situated approximately 9 miles south of Manchester. The Cardio-Thoracic department, housed in the new section of the hospital which was completed in 1973, is the major centre for cardiothoracic surgery in the greater Manchester area. It also receives any major accident cases which require treatment within the Intensive Therapy Unit. This paper describes a Patient Data Display System and the methods used to introduce the concept of such a system, to doctors, nurses, laboratory and paramedical staff, and the manner in which these staff were trained in the use of computer terminals. Principles underlying the need for and requirements of such a system are also discussed. Six months after hardware commissioning the system was fully operational throughout the whole department.

Computers↗
PubMed1991

Novel method for the display of multivariate data using neural networks.

A neural network has been used to reduce the dimensionality of multivariate data sets to produce two-dimensional (2D) displays of these sets. The data consisted of physicochemical properties for sets of biologically active molecules calculated by computational chemistry methods. Previous work has demonstrated that these data contain sufficient relevant information to classify the compounds according to their biological activity. The plots produced by the neural network are compared with results from two other techniques for linear and nonlinear dimension reduction, and are shown to give comparable and, in one case, superior results. Advantages of this technique are discussed.

Antimycin A↗
PubMed1976

System-structured management of acutely ill surgical patients.

The management of surgical patients requiring intensive care is complicated by abnormalities in multiple body systems. An effective method of organizing data collection and treatment is essential. The widely applied "problem-oriented" approach is not entirely satisfactory in the context of surgical intensive care. An alternative method is presented in which management is structured by body systems. The function of each system is analyzed and a plan for each is defined. Data display is arranged by systems rather than problems and is compatible with modern computer technology. A surgical patient under treatment for pancreatitis is presented to illustrate this approach. Experience with 220 patients on a residency teaching service supports the impression that system-structured management is an effective method of managing the course of an acutely ill patient and should be widely applicable to such patients in any general surgical environment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Computerized graphic display of physiological data collected during human stereotactic surgery.

An on-line computerized graphic display has been developed for use during stereotactic operations. This depicts in the form of figurine charts and alph-numeric symbols, appropriately oriented on saggital brain diagrams, the results of serial threshold stimulation of the brain. The display facilitates choice of target sites and the data can be stored in a tape library from which search-and-plot programs can be activated for any type or combination of types of response.

Brain↗
PubMed1992

Temperature effects on the MgATP-induced electron transfer between the nitrogenase proteins from Azotobacter vinelandii.

The temperature dependence of the pre-steady-state MgATP-dependent electron transfer from the MoFe protein to the Fe protein of the nitrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii has been investigated between 6 degrees C and 31 degrees C by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. Below 14 degrees C, the data are consistent with a model in which interaction of MgATP with nitrogenase is fast and irreversible, and is followed by reversible electron transfer. From the extent and from the rate of the absorbance change, the rate constants for electron transfer from Fe protein to MoFe protein and of the reverse reaction were calculated. The direct rate constant increases with temperature (6-14 degrees C) from about 1 s-1 to about 26 s-1. The rate constant for the reverse reaction was found to be approximately 4 s-1 and invariant with the reaction temperature. Analysis of the data obtained in the temperature range between 6 degrees C and 12 degrees C within the framework of the transition-state theory show that electron transfer from the Fe protein to the MoFe protein occurs via a highly disordered transition state with activation parameters delta H(0) ++ = 289 kJ.mol-1 and delta S(0) ++ = 792 J.K-1.mol-1. The Eyring plot of the stopped-flow data displays an inflection point around 14 degrees C. From the stopped-flow data obtained between 18 degrees and 27 degrees C the activation parameters delta H(0) ++ and delta S(0) ++ for the reduction of the MoFe protein by Fe protein are calculated to be 90 kJ.mol-1 and 99 J.K-1.mol-1 respectively. A second inflection point in the Eyring plot could exist around 28 degrees C.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1992

Characterisation of HLA DQ alpha for forensic purposes. Allele and genotype frequencies in British Caucasian, Afro-Caribbean and Asian populations.

Allele and genotype frequencies for British Caucasian, Afro-Caribbean and Asian populations were determined for a total of over 600 unrelated individuals at the HLA-DQ alpha locus. These were analysed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the DNA followed by hybridisation to allele specific oligonucleotide probes in a reversed dot-blot test. Six different alleles were detected and the allele distributions for the 3 populations analysed displayed significant differences. However, the British Caucasian genotypes were statistically very similar to previously published data from US Caucasians as were British Afro-Caribbean genotype frequencies with US Black data. In Caucasians the allele frequencies ranged from 5.2% to 26.9% with a power of discrimination of 0.93. DQ alpha genotype frequencies of Caucasian and Afro-Caribbean populations do not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. However, the Asian data displayed significant deviation due to excess homozygotes.

Alleles↗
PubMed1991

Design of a database with graphical analysis for X-ray quality assurance and dose information to assist in a programme for patient dose reduction.

A database system has been set up on an IBM PC to store X-ray quality assurance (QA) data and patient doses for all X-ray equipment operated by Grampian Health Board. Graphical analysis facilities have been developed to display data in a readily understandable form. Data on equipment specifications, QA test results, exposure factors for standard examinations, and thermoluminescent dosemeter (TLD) measurements of patient skin doses are stored in separate forms. X-ray machine outputs are fitted to a simple polynomial equation, and the data combined with information on exposure factors to calculate entrance doses for selected examinations. Data such as filtration and backscatter factors are derived from look-up tables for use in dose calculations. Histogram comparisons can be made between calculated doses, means of TLD measurements and National Radiological Protection Board reference levels to allow units giving high skin doses to be identified so that corrective actin can be taken.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Axonal polyneuropathy in Chagas disease].

We report the case of a 44-year-old woman presenting with chronic symmetrical, sensitive polyneuropathy on the lower limbs in the course of Chagas' disease. The electrophysiological findings were in keeping with axonal degeneration. The histological data displayed axonal degeneration with perivascular inflammatory mononuclear cells in the epineurium, with some neutrophils and eosinophils. Mononuclear cells surrounding endoneurial vessels were observed. Laboratory data did not suggest neither a mixed connective tissue disease nor a collagen vascular disorder. Hematological disease, malignancies, drug-or medicine-induced neuropathy were ruled out. The polyneuropathy in this case was probably related to Trypanosoma cruzi infection on account of the presence of high levels of anti-T. cruzi antibodies, and an immune mechanism might play a role in the vasculitic process.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Automated mechanical thermometry probe mapping systems for hyperthermia.

In order to better assess temperature distribution patterns in patients, tissue equivalent phantoms, and experimental animals, mechanical devices and automated control systems for positioning temperature probes in implanted catheters and catheters laid on the skin surface have been developed. They employ stepper motor actuated roller and idler wheel drives to move the probes. Two devices incorporate positive positioners in addition to the drive rollers in order to obtain higher positioning accuracy where significant probe to catheter friction is present. Automated systems have been constructed which can simultaneously position, record and display data from up to 10 temperature sensors in a colour-coded position versus temperature format to produce a real time two-dimensional colour-coded pseudo isotherm display. These thermal mapping devices have been used for characterizing the power deposition patterns of several large area microwave applicators (on the surface and at depth within tissue equivalent phantoms), for intraorgan temperature mapping in experimental animals, and for surface and subcutaneous temperature mapping during clinical treatments.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of reflection and transmission pulse oximetry after open-heart surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there was a difference between reflection and transmission pulse oximeters in their ability to regain data display after hypothermia in patients recovering from open-heart surgery. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled study. PATIENTS: Nineteen adult patients scheduled for open-heart surgery were studied immediately after surgery in the ICU. INTERVENTIONS: Transmission and reflection sensors were used in random order in two simultaneously monitoring identical oximeters and probes. The time difference at the start of display between the oximeters was measured and the skin temperatures in the region of the probes, cardiac index, systolic BP, pulse pressure, and systemic vascular resistance index were recorded. RESULTS: The mean skin temperatures at the probe sites differed significantly (p = .001) at the moment of data acquisition. The mean forehead, ear lobe, and fingertip temperatures (simultaneously measured) were 33.9 degrees C, 31.8 degrees C, and 28.8 degrees C, respectively. The hemodynamic variables were comparable at the moment when the oximeters resumed display. The reflection probe was the first to resume function in 12 patients and the transmission probe was the first to resume function in four patients (p less than .02). The bias of the reflection probe was 1.4% (SD 2.2) and that of the transmission probe was -0.4% (SD 2.7). All the patients were normoxic throughout the study. CONCLUSION: The forehead reflection probe regained signal detection earlier than the transmission probe on the ear lobe in patients with compromised peripheral blood flow and cool periphery. This finding may be due to higher skin temperature at the reflection probe site, since the systemic hemodynamic conditions were equal at the time of the data acquisition of both sensors.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

MUCIDS: an operative C environment for acquisition and processing of polarized-light scattered from biological specimens.

In this work, we describe a software package, MUCIDS, completely developed in our laboratory, for acquisition and processing of differential polarization light-scattering data from specimens of biophysical interest. MUCIDS is a C environment that manages the whole activity of an instrument used for measurements of Mueller matrix scattering elements. It allows one to capture, analyse, process and display data from this or from other similar light-scattering experiments. The entire system is suitable for routine measurements in a general biophysical (or microbiological) laboratory because of its easy handling and maintenance. The software was written in C lattice and will run on IBM personal computers and similar. It uses IBM/DAC and GPIB/IBM interface cards.

Equipment Design↗