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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Patient data displaying attachment for the Bronson-Turner ophthalmic contact B-scan ultrasonoscope.

A numerical light-emitting diode data displaying attachment designed for the Bronson-Turner Ophthalmic Contact B-Scan Ultrasonoscope provides the following information: patient's identification number, date of the examination, eye examined, position of the transducer probe, and decibel setting. The light-emitting diodes are placed over the upper border of the display screen and appear automatically on all photographs of the ultrasonic display.

Data Display

Characterization through a data display of the different cellular responses in X-irradiated small intestine.

Previous work on small intestinal radiation injury has reported changes in epithelial and non-epithelial tissues, but with few quantitative comparisons of different responses by individual cell types. The approach used here quantifies the responses of mouse duodenum to X-irradiation with 6 Gy, 10 Gy and 20 Gy, sampled three days after treatment, and 10 Gy sampled 6 hours, 1 day and 3 days after treatment. Tissue area measurements and counts per circumference for 13 different structural elements are subjected to statistical tests. New data reported here for X-irradiation include the fact that cryptal cells do not respond uniformly, indicating that the crypt/microcolony cannot always be used as a standard unit in assessing radiation injury. Non-epithelial structures, such as submucosal arterioles, are also affected. The data display also includes control-referenced ratios, from which are calculated Tissue Indices and a final Morphological Index, which estimates total structural damage. The Indices are useful in drawing attention to unexpected changes in extent or range of data sets. In addition, the Epithelial Index appears to be a sensitive indicator of radiation damage, even at low doses and early time points. The data display includes a graph of the total Indices and summary tables of data, and encourages close study of the constituent data points.

Animals

An improved data display system for fetal heart rate monitoring.

Fetal heart rate (FHR) monitor records, particularly those derived from external sensors, may contain artifactual information closely resembling true FHR patterns. Additional machine-determined information may be used to help discriminate these data. Present commercial systems for indicating potentially artifactual FHR modify the FHR display, and this tends to cause the physician to ignore the absence of data or annoy him by obliterating some useful as well as potentialy useless information. Therefore, we chose to put the information that the data may be artifactual on another channel and allow the physician, rather than the instrument, to modify the interpretation of the FHR as necessary. A computer study was made of the characteristics of FHR beat-to-beat changes during poor signal to determine the most appropriate criteria for indicating when the FHR record is highly likely to be artifactual. Unphysiologic, erratic FHR changes are easily flagged by the presence of 3 serial beat-to-beat changes greater than 25 beats/min. Clinical testing demonstrated that this system allows the physician to better discriminate between valid and invalid data and increases the amount of usable data, particularly in active patients.

Data Display

Computers in anesthesiology and intensive care. User attitudes to a real-time patient data display system.

Wythenshawe Hospital is a large district general hospital, with an important Cardio-Thoracic department. A developed DNTRODUCED into this area and its attendent laboratories two years ago. Six months after hardware commissioning the system was fully operational throughout the whole department and during the past two years most of the additional user requirements, including calculations, have been met. This paper describes the attitudes and acceptance by doctors, nurses, laboratory and para-medical staff to the concept of recording all patients clinical information within this environment, via a computer system. Staff considered that both input and retrieval of information had been improved by computer assistance, and telephone call within the department had been reduced. Nurses and technicians prefered computer assistance to the old system of manual record keeping, but clinicians appeared less decided. However, all groups trusted the computer.

Adult

Relationship between villous shape and mural structure in neutron irradiated small intestine.

Previous work on irradiation of mouse small intestine has assessed the changes produced by counting crypts/microcolonies, scoring villous shape or examining morphological changes in specific parts of the wall. This paper used scanning and transmission electron microscopy to study the effects of whole body irradiation with 5 Gy neutrons on the surface and internal features of the intestinal wall of CFLP mice, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days after treatment. Empirical scores from the ultrastructural findings were inserted into a Morphological Index display calculated from analytical data based on cell counts and area measurements obtained from resin histology sections. The final data display showed that the neutron irradiation produced marked structural changes in different cells and tissues by 1 day. These changes were maximal at 3 days with substantial improvement by 7 days. When this data display was compared with scores taken from scanning electron microscopy of the mucosal surface, the change in villous shape from erect fingerlike projections to lower profiles less suited to absorption was seen to correlate more with changes in the smooth muscle than with the epithelial cryptal compartment.

Animals

SQUID: a program for the analysis and display of data from crystallography and molecular dynamics.

SQUID is a flexible computer program that allows the analysis and display of molecular coordinates from crystallography, NMR, and molecular dynamics. The program can also display two-dimensional and three-dimensional data using many graph types, as well as perform array processing of data with numerous intrinsic functions. Graphics are based on the use of "move" and "draw" instructions, allowing easy development of new device drivers, including vector plotters.

Computer Graphics

Interactive display of volumetric data by Fast Fourier Projection.

This article describes a new algorithm for reprojection of volumetric data, called Fast Fourier Projection (FFP), which is one to two orders of magnitude faster than conventional methods such as ray casting. The theoretical basis of the new method is developed in a unified mathematical framework encompassing slice imaging and conventional volumetric reprojection methods. Software implementation is discussed in detail. The article closes with an account of experience with a prototype FFP implementation, and applications of the technique in medical visualization.

Algorithms

Real-time display of flow-pressure-volume loops.

Graphic display of respiratory waveforms can be valuable for monitoring the progress of ventilated patients. A system has been developed that can display flow-pressure-volume loops as derived from a patient's respiratory circuit in real time. It can also display, store, print, and retrieve ventilatory waveforms. Five loops can be displayed at once: current, previous, reference, "ideal," and previously saved. Two components, the data-display device (DDD) and the data-collection device (DCD), comprise the system. An IBM 286/386 computer with a graphics card (VGA) and bidirectional parallel port is used for the DDD; an eight-bit microprocessor card and an A/D convertor card make up the DCD. A real-time multitasking operating system was written to control the DDD, while the DCD operates from in-line assembly code. The DCD samples the pressure and flow sensors at 100 Hz and looks for a complete flow waveform pattern based on flow slope. These waveforms are then passed to the DDD via the mutual parallel port. Within the DDD a process integrates the flow to create a volume signal and performs a multilinear regression on the pressure, flow, and volume data to calculate the elastance, resistance, pressure offset, and coefficient of determination. Elastance, resistance, and offset are used to calculate Pr and Pc where: Pr[k] = P[k]-offset-(elastance.V[k]) and Pc[k] = P[k]-offset-(resistance.F[k]). Volume vs. Pc and flow vs. Pr can be displayed in real time. Patient data from previous clinical tests were loaded into the device to verify the software calculations. An analog waveform generator was used to simulate flow and pressure waveforms that validated the system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Computer Graphics

FP/MIS: a management information system for a community family planning clinic.

The management information system (FP/MIS) used by the Howard University Center for Family Planning Services, which operates community family planning clinics in Washington, D.C. is described. The system was developed to satisfy program objectives in patient management, program planning and evaluation, resource management, federal reporting systems and clinical, epidemiological and health services research. The data collection forms used in the system and the output from the four data display groups--patient profile, resource management, quality of care and epidemiology-are described along with examples of their use.

Computers

Readers' forum: experiences with a system. The implementation of a completely operational computer system in a cardio-thoracic department.

Wythenshawe Hospital is a large general district hospital with more than 1000 beds, situated approximately 9 miles south of Manchester. The Cardio-Thoracic department, housed in the new section of the hospital which was completed in 1973, is the major centre for cardiothoracic surgery in the greater Manchester area. It also receives any major accident cases which require treatment within the Intensive Therapy Unit. This paper describes a Patient Data Display System and the methods used to introduce the concept of such a system, to doctors, nurses, laboratory and paramedical staff, and the manner in which these staff were trained in the use of computer terminals. Principles underlying the need for and requirements of such a system are also discussed. Six months after hardware commissioning the system was fully operational throughout the whole department.

Computers