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PubMed1974

Copyright, public policy, and information technology.

Photocopying, computing, and other neopublishing technologies may threaten the traditional foundations of the creation of knowledge and simultaneously promise ever-faster creation of scholarly insights and social decision-making. Conversely, copyright law maintains accepted patterns of data-production and may hinder increased rates of research and information-based decision-making. These are multiple dilemmas, and must be faced squarely in formulating new policies for new technologies.

Authorship↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Biomedicine's electronic publishing paradigm shift: copyright policy and PubMed Central.

Biomedical publishing stands at a crossroads. The traditional print, peer-reviewed, subscription journal has served science well but is now being called into question. Because of spiraling print journal costs and the worldwide acceptance of the Internet as a valid publication medium, there is a compelling opportunity to re-examine our current paradigm and future options. This report illustrates the conflicts and restrictions inherent in the current publishing model and examines how the single act of permitting authors to retain copyright of their scholarly manuscripts may preserve the quality-control function of the current journal system while allowing PubMed Central, the Internet archiving system recently proposed by the director of the National Institutes of Health, to simplify and liberate access to the world's biomedical literature.

Authorship↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Four copyright infringement court cases involving educators.

The Anglo-American legal system is based on the law, and the interpretation of the law through judicial decisions. The four copyright infringement cases described here have significantly influenced our understanding of "fair use" copying, as it applies to educators and educational institutions.

PubMed2000

Electronic reserves: copyright and permissions.

Electronic reserves present a new service option for libraries to provide needed materials during hours that the library is not open and to user groups located some distance from library collections. Possible changes to current copyright law and publishers permissions policies have delayed the development of electronic reserves in many libraries. This paper reviews the current state of electronic reserves materials in the publishing and library communities and presents the results of a survey of publishers to determine permissions policies for electronic materials. Issues of concern to both libraries and publishers are discussed.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1986

Creators lose first round in copyright battles in the courts.

This article is the second in a series which will deal with the rights of the creators of literary and artistic works as they are affected by the provisions of the 1978 revised copyright law (CLRA); the relationship between creators and their publishers or other commissioning parties; and the knowledge and experience required to cope with these factors. The reference to creators, in terms of creators' rights, includes many disciplines: writers, artists, photographers, composers, sculptors, and many others including those of us who produce educational and public relations materials in the field of medicine.

Art↗

PubMed1984

Creators of works and their commissioning parties: the new copyright law.

This article is the first in a series which will deal with: a) the rights of the creators of literary and artistic works as they are affected by the provisions of the 1978 revised copyright law (CLRA), b) the relationship between creators and their publishers or other commissioning parties, and c) the knowledge and experience required to cope with these factors. The reference to creators, in terms of creators' rights, includes many disciplines: writers, artists, photographers, composers, sculptors, and many others including those of us who produce educational and public relations materials in the field of medicine.

Art↗

PubMed1981

Copyright compliance in health sciences libraries: a status report two years after the implementation of PL 94-553.

This paper briefly reviews developments since the implementation of the new Copyright Law (PL 94-553) and reports on a nationwide survey of academic, hospital, and special health sciences libraries. These libraries were asked to report anonymously on their current policies and the procedures used to comply with the new law. They were also asked to indicate any special concerns they have with the law or the guidelines which they have followed for compliance. The results show that with few exceptions United States health sciences libraries are complying with the specific provisions of the law and that compliance has not significantly affected library services.

PubMed2004

Wavelet tree quantization for copyright protection watermarking.

This paper proposes a wavelet-tree-based blind watermarking scheme for copyright protection. The wavelet coefficients of the host image are grouped into so-called super trees. The watermark is embedded by quantizing super trees. The trees are so quantized that they exhibit a large enough statistical difference, which will later be used for watermark extraction. Each watermark bit is embedded in perceptually important frequency bands, which renders the mark more resistant to frequency based attacks. Also, the watermark is spread throughout large spatial regions. This yields more robustness against time domain geometric attacks. Examples of various attacks will be given to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed technique.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1963