SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Closed-loop ventilation”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

59 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2026

Response-optimised training improves learning of a complex motor task and closely related motor tasks.

Regular physical exercise is essential for promoting healthy aging and longevity. In older adults with varying physical and cognitive decline, optimising exercise interventions is crucial to maximise benefits. A promising approach to achieve this goal is by adjusting task demands to individual abilities in turn preventing over- or underloading their abilities. In the field of motor learning, it is currently unclear whether such an optimised training improves not only performance on the trained task but also transfers to untrained motor and cognitive tasks. We conducted a randomized, single-blinded, 6-week dynamic balance training (DBT) with healthy older adults (n = 30). Training was tailored to individual balance ability. Participants were assigned to either suboptimal (high or low difficulty) or optimal (moderate difficulty) training groups. Transfer effects were assessed via cognitive tasks (memory and executive) and motor tasks (untrained DBT variations and other balance tasks) measured pre-, mid- and post-intervention. Multivariate longitudinal statistical analysis showed higher performance gains in the optimal training group in three out of six sessions compared to the suboptimal groups, especially under testing conditions with high task demands. The optimal group also showed greater improvements in near motor transfer tasks mid- and post-intervention, while no significant differences were observed in the cognitive tasks. Within-group DBT learning positively correlated with transfer gains, highlighting the role of training response in achieving transfer. In conclusion, optimised task difficulty in balance training enhances both task-specific performance and related motor skills, supporting the use of personalised interventions to maintain function and independence in older adults.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Respiratory effects of recruitment maneuvers according to lung recruitability assessed by electrical impedance tomography in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Recruitment maneuvers (RM) can improve oxygenation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but their physiological effects depend on lung recruitability. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated oxygenation, respiratory mechanics, regional ventilation, and cardiorespiratory adverse events responses to a RM followed by electrical impedance tomography (EIT)-guided PEEP titration, using EIT to assess lung recruitability. In this study, fifty patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS underwent a stepwise RM followed by individualized PEEP titration guided by EIT. Lung recruitability was determined using the collapse index at PEEP 6 cmH₂O (CLPEEP6), defined as the proportion of collapsed lung at this PEEP level. Patients were classified into high- and low-recruitability groups based on median CLPEEP6 values. Oxygenation (PaO₂/FiO₂), static compliance (Cstat), driving pressure (Pdriv), regional ventilation distribution, and cardiorespiratory adverse events were compared before and after RM, during subsequent individualized EIT-guided PEEP titration. In patients with high recruitability (CLPEEP6 > 12.5), the PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio and Cstat increased significantly after RM (PaO₂/FiO₂: 100.8 ± 30.3 vs. 125.4 ± 38.3 mmHg, p < 0.05; Cstat: 21.5 ± 5.8 vs. 28.0 ± 7.0 mL/cmH₂O, p < 0.001), Pdriv decreased (19.1 ± 3.5 vs. 15.6 ± 3.2 cmH₂O, p < 0.001). EIT demonstrated a posterior redistribution of ventilation after RM. In contrast, patients with low recruitability (CLPEEP6 ≤ 12.5) showed no significant mechanical or oxygenation improvement and transient hypotension, arrhythmia, and desaturation appeared numerically more common in this group. No barotrauma or cardiac arrest occurred, and ICU mortality was similar between groups. A strategy combining a RM with subsequent individualized EIT-guided PEEP titration was associated with improved oxygenation and lung mechanics in patients with high lung recruitability, whereas patients with low recruitability showed limited physiological benefit, with cardiorespiratory adverse events appearing numerically more frequent. The EIT-derived CLPEEP6 index represents a feasible and clinically applicable https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06733168.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Comparative effectiveness of torsemide vs furosemide in the management of heart failure patients: Win-ratio reanalysis of the TRANSFORM-HF trial.

BACKGROUND: Loop diuretics are widely used for managing congestion in patients with heart failure (HF). The TRANSFORM-HF trial is a multicenter randomized study that enrolled heart failure patients, comparing a strategy of torsemide vs furosemide. The time-to-event analysis demonstrated neutral effects on all-cause death at 30 months and the composite of all-cause death and first rehospitalization at 12 months. We evaluated whether a hierarchical win-ratio (WR) framework integrating mortality, recurrent hospitalization, and patient-reported health status provides additional interpretive insight. METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of the pragmatic, multicenter, open-label, randomized TRANSFORM-HF trial, conducted across 60 US hospitals that randomized 2,859 patients hospitalized with HF to torsemide or furosemide. The primary 12-month hierarchical composite outcome was defined as (1) all-cause mortality, (2) recurrent all-cause hospitalizations, and (3) lack of improvement in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score (KCCQ-CSS). The primary statistical method was a WR analysis adjusting covariates via inverse probability weighting. Subgroup analyses evaluated potential heterogeneity across patient demographics and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: In the primary 12-month intention-to-treat analysis, the adjusted WR was 1.07 (95% CI, 0.98-1.16; P = .13), indicating no significant difference between torsemide and furosemide. A supplementary 30-month analysis with extended mortality follow-up yielded a similar estimate (adjusted WR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.98-1.16; P = .14); hospitalization and KCCQ-CSS components were assessed through 12 months. As-treated sensitivity analyses were consistent with the neutral primary findings. Exploratory subgroup analyses were not adjusted for multiplicity and should be considered hypothesis-generating. CONCLUSIONS: The overall WR comparison between torsemide and furosemide showed no statistically significant difference in the primary 12-month analysis. The WR framework provided an interpretive decomposition across outcome domains but did not establish superiority of either loop diuretic strategy. All findings should be considered exploratory. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03296813, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03296813.

Aged↗

PubMed2026

Development and validation of a comprehensive prognostic model for 28-day ICU mortality in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: an analysis based on the MIMIC-IV database.

BACKGROUND: Due to the complex pathophysiology of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), accurate risk prediction remains a challenge. Our aim is to develop and validate a comprehensive prognostic model that integrates demographic characteristics, vital signs, laboratory parameters, and more, to provide clinical decision-making support in real-world practice. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 785 Non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. The cohort was randomly divided into a training set (n = 549) and a validation set (n = 236). Feature selection was performed using LASSO regression, followed by backward stepwise Cox regression for optimization. A nomogram was constructed based on independent predictive factors, and model performance was assessed using discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis. To prevent immortal-time bias, all predictors were anchored to a fixed early (first-24-hour) measurement window, treatment variables were modelled as binary indicators rather than cumulative exposures, and a five-model sensitivity analysis with baseline-severity adjustment was performed. RESULTS: The development of our model followed a systematic approach: first, 15 potential predictive factors were selected via LASSO regression, which were then refined to 12 independent predictors using backward stepwise Cox regression. The final predictive factors included: Ventilation, AHT, Nimodipine 60 mg, Age, SAPS.II, Input amount, Calcium total, Platelet count, White blood cells, Anion gap, pH, and Chloride. The integrated model demonstrated excellent predictive ability for 7-day, 14-day, and 21-day mortality in both the training set (AUC: 0.972, 0.934, 0.898) and the validation set (AUC: 0.968, 0.948, 0.911). Calibration curves and decision curve analysis confirmed the model's reliability and clinical utility across different time points. We constructed a nomogram for individualized risk prediction. Univariate Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated significant stratification of survival outcomes by each predictor, while restricted cubic spline analysis revealed non-linear relationships between continuous variables and mortality risk. Random survival forest analysis identified the top three predictive factors (Nimodipine 60 mg, Ventilation, AHT) and compared them with our full 12-variable model, confirming superior performance of the integrated model at all time points. At the 28-day primary endpoint, the model achieved a time-dependent AUC of 0.898 (training) and 0.904 (validation); after restricting predictors to the early baseline window, the leakage-controlled model retained good discrimination (validation C-index 0.803). CONCLUSIONS: Our ICU 28-day mortality prognosis model demonstrated robust performance in predicting ICU 28-day mortality in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. The model, through the nomogram, provides individualized risk assessment, aiding clinical decision-making and patient stratification.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Comparative genomic and proteomic analysis reveals orthogroup structured evolution of tick protease inhibitors.

Protease inhibitors (PIs) play central roles in regulating endogenous proteolysis and host-parasite interactions in ticks. However, the evolutionary architecture underlying their diversification across tick lineages remains insufficiently resolved. Here, we performed a genome-wide comparative analysis of predicted proteomes from 14 tick species to systematically characterize PI repertoires. In total, 4931 putative PIs were identified and grouped into 20 families using the MEROPS classification system. Further, PI families such as Antistasin, WAP-type, and Pacifastin, which have not previously been systematically reported in tick genomes, were classified. Orthogroup inference demonstrated that PI expansion is structured at the level of evolutionary lineages rather than uniformly across families. By stratifying orthogroups according to duplication burden and taxonomic conservation, we identified a broadly conserved single-copy core under strong purifying selection. Motif level analysis of serpin reactive center loops further revealed conservation of inhibitory specificity within single copy orthogroups and diversification of key functional residues in duplication-associated lineages. Integration of secretion prediction and tissue-resolved proteomics from Hyalomma anatolicum and Rhipicephalus microplus demonstrated that evolutionary stratification is reflected at the protein level. Together, these findings provide an orthogroup-resolved evolutionary framework linking duplication dynamics, molecular evolution, and tissue-level protein deployment. This integrative approach offers a systematic basis for prioritizing conserved and diversified PI lineages for future functional and anti-tick intervention studies.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Genome-wide SNP data support species boundaries in sympatric Polylepis Ruiz & Pav. (Rosaceae) species from Bolivia and Ecuador.

Species delimitation in the South American genus Polylepis is notoriously challenging due to high morphological similarity and phenotypic plasticity, likely driven by hybridization and gene flow. Previous phylogenetic studies suggested that genetic structure aligns more strongly with geography than with taxonomy, questioning existing species concepts and hampering conservation efforts. We used double-digest RAD sequencing (ddRADseq) to generate genome-wide SNP data for 11 Polylepis species sampled across multiple localities in Bolivia and Ecuador. Population genetic analyses, phylogenetic inference, and network approaches were combined to assess whether genetic structure aligns more closely with taxonomy or geography. Morphologically defined species formed largely cohesive genetic lineages across regions, with species identity explaining substantially more genetic variation than locality. While localized admixture and reticulation were detected among closely related taxa, widespread species showed strong genetic cohesion and clear separation from congeners. Our results indicate that the sampled Polylepis species from Bolivia and Ecuador maintain distinct genetic identities despite localized signals consistent with gene flow. This genome-wide support for current taxonomy highlights Polylepis as a valuable model for studying speciation under gene flow and indicates that multiple geographic sampling will be essential in reconstructing a robust phylogeny of the genus, with important implications for conservation planning in Andean montane forests.

Bolivia↗

PubMed2026

Multi-omics analysis reveals stage-associated differences in gut immunity and microbiota between juvenile and adult common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

In vertebrates, the development of intestinal immunity is closely associated with dynamic changes in the gut microbiota. However, stage-associated differences in intestinal immunity and gut microbial communities remain poorly characterized in teleost fish. In this study, transcriptomic analysis combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to characterize intestinal immunity and gut microbial communities in juvenile and adult common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Transcriptomic profiling revealed marked developmental differences in intestinal immune function. Juvenile carp exhibited a predominantly innate immune phenotype, characterized by elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, and lysozyme-related genes. This immune profile was accompanied by enhanced mucosal barrier function and a relatively pro-inflammatory intestinal environment. In contrast, adult carp displayed increased expression of genes associated with adaptive immunity, suggesting that adult common carp exhibit relatively stronger adaptive immune characteristics than juvenile fish. Gut microbiota analysis demonstrated significant stage-dependent differences in microbial diversity and community composition. Juvenile fish were enriched with bacterial taxa potentially associated with innate immune activation, whereas adult fish harbored distinct microbial communities linked to intestinal homeostasis and barrier maintenance. Furthermore, correlation analyses identified significant associations between specific microbial taxa and innate immune-related gene expression, suggesting a close association between gut microbiota composition and intestinal immune characteristics in juvenile and adult common carp. Collectively, these findings reveal stage-associated differences in intestinal immunity and gut microbial communities between juvenile and adult common carp, thereby providing insights into intestinal immune characteristics at different developmental stages in teleost fish.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Simultaneously PYCR-1 and ALH-6 inhibition exacerbates 6-PPD quinone toxicity via disrupting proline and glutamate metabolisms and activating insulin signals in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Glutamate synthesized from the proline can serve as a precursor for key intermediate metabolites of citric acid cycle. Recently, we observed reduced glutamate content and expression of alh-6 controlling glutamate synthesis by 6-PPD quinone (6-PPDQ) in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, possible effect of 6-PPDQ on proline synthesis and the association with 6-PPDQ toxicity induction remain unclear. After 0.1-10 μg/L 6-PPDQ exposure, proline content was further reduced, and expression of pycr-1 governing proline biosynthesis was decreased. In 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes, RNA interference (RNAi) of pycr-1 decreased α-ketoglutarate content, enhanced mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and reduced flavine adenine dinucleotide (FADH₂) contents, inhibited mitochondrial complex I/II activities, and decreased expressions of gas-1 and mev-1. Moreover, compared to single RNAi, double RNAi of pycr-1 and alh-6 exacerbated the 6-PPDQ toxicity in reducing α-ketoglutarate, NADH, and FADH₂ contents, and suppressing mitochondrial complex I/II activities and gas-1 and mev-1 expressions. Additionally, double RNAi of pycr-1 and alh-6 intensified toxicity of 6-PPDQ on longevity and caused upregulation of insulin ligand and receptor genes and downregulation of daf-16 and its targeted genes in 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes. Furthermore, after 6-PPDQ exposure, daf-16 RNAi suppressed pycr-1 and alh-6 expressions, suggesting formation of a regulatory feedback loop between pycr-1/alh-6 and daf-16. Our findings highlight involvement of disrupted proline and glutamate metabolisms in 6-PPDQ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced longevity.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Artificial intelligence for anticancer drug discovery from natural products of macroalgae and sponges: A systematic review.

Marine natural products (MNPs) from macroalgae and marine sponges have inspired clinically important anticancer agents, including the cytarabine pharmacophore and the eribulin scaffold, while cyanobacterial dolastatin chemistry supplies the auristatin payloads of several marine-inspired antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) such as brentuximab vedotin. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods, encompassing both classical machine learning (ML) with hand-engineered features and modern deep learning (DL) with many-layered neural networks, are increasingly supporting key decisions in natural-product anticancer drug discovery, including bioactivity prediction, target identification, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) filtering, generative analogue design, and the selection of preclinical candidates. DL architectures relevant to this field include graph neural networks, transformer-based molecular generators, diffusion models for protein-ligand docking, and convolutional networks for mass spectrometry, while classical ML contributes interpretable fingerprint-based bioactivity models and molecular networking for dereplication. This review follows a systematic literature review methodology to organize the landscape of AI methods now applied to MNP anticancer discovery, distinguishing ML and DL approaches where relevant, situating them within the chemical context of macroalgal and sponge-derived oncology leads, and critically examining published case studies, including validation level (computational, in vitro, in vivo, clinical). The principal bottleneck for medical translation has shifted partly from algorithmic capability toward data infrastructure and experimental validation. Sparse, heterogeneous, and taxonomically biased bioactivity records limit what current models can learn and reduce the reliability of AI-prioritized candidates entering the preclinical pipeline. A roadmap is proposed that prioritizes open MNP-specific benchmarks, symbiont-aware modeling, and active learning loops with synthesizability and ADMET constraints. These AI workflows may accelerate the prioritization of marine-derived anticancer leads and support earlier, more evidence-based translational decisions in oncology drug development.

Biological Products↗

PubMed2026

Anabolic androgen therapy in critically ill adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Critical illness is characterized by a catabolic, proinflammatory state. Anabolic agents, such as testosterone, have therefore been proposed as therapeutic targets. Our objectives were to assess the effects of testosterone in critically ill populations on patient-important outcomes and identify design limitations to inform future studies. We searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) through Medline, Embase, and EBM Reviews databases from inception through February 24, 2026, including English language articles enrolling adults (≥18 years) admitted to ICU where anabolic androgen therapies (AAT) were compared with placebo or standard of care. Studies had to report at least one of: mortality, ICU and hospital lengths of stay, or duration of mechanical ventilation. We extracted data independently using a standardized data extraction tool, and feedback was received from all co-authors to ensure agreement. For each outcome, we performed meta-analyses using a random-effects model with inverse variance weighting in RevMan. We used the GRADE approach to assess certainty in pooled estimates of effect. Of 1325 screened articles, we found 4 that fit our inclusion criteria. Together, we judged risk of bias as 'some concerns' in 3 trials and 'high' in the final trial, and ultimately found that the effects of anabolic-androgen therapy on patient-important outcomes uncertain. With the uncertainty of current evidence for the effects of anabolic-androgen therapy in critically ill adults, there is insufficient support for its routine use. Future randomized evidence is needed to determine whether anabolic-androgen therapy improves clinically-important outcomes and better define its safety profile in critically ill adults.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effect of ketofol versus Fentanyl-Midazolam sedation on neurological recovery in traumatic brain Injury: A randomised study.

Neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is multifactorial, and sedation is a cornerstone of neurocritical care because of its neuroprotective role. Although ketofol is widely used for anaesthesia, its effectiveness as a sedative regimen in the intensive care unit (ICU) has not been well studied. This preliminary exploratory double-blind, randomised study compared ketofol (KP) with fentanyl-midazolam (FM) sedation in adults with moderate-to-severe TBI. Sedation was administered for 72 h and titrated to a Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) score ≤  - 3. The primary outcome was the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) at 30 days. Secondary outcomes included GOSE at 90 days, incidence of propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS), duration of mechanical ventilation, haemodynamic stability, and ICU and hospital length of stay. Of 120 enrolled patients, 111 were included in the final analysis (57 FM, 54 KP). Baseline characteristics, including injury severity and Marshall CT scores, were comparable. At 30 days, good neurological recovery (GOSE 7-8) was more frequent in the KP group than the FM group (26% vs. 10.5%, p = 0.03). At 90 days, recovery remained higher with KP (44.4% vs. 33.3%), though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.16). Multivariate analysis confirmed ketofol as an independent predictor of good recovery at 30 days (adjusted OR 3.63, 95% CI 1.11-11.85, p = 0.033). No PRIS occurred, and secondary outcomes were similar. Ketofol-based sedation was safe and may be associated with improved early neurological recovery compared with fentanyl-midazolam, with a favourable trend toward improved long-term neurological recovery.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Translational reprogramming of TGF-β signaling via TRMT61A-mediated tRNA m1A drives prostatic fibrosis and hyperplasia.

Dysregulation of the epitranscriptomic landscape is closely linked to pathological proliferation, but its specific role in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains unclear. Here, we identify the tRNA methyltransferase TRMT61A as a critical driver of BPH progression. We found that TRMT61A and global N1-methyladenosine (m1A) levels are aberrantly upregulated in human BPH tissues. Functionally, TRMT61A knockdown potently suppresses prostate cell proliferation and reduces stromal fibrosis, inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and reversing pathological remodeling both in vitro and in vivo. By integrating ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) and tRNA-seq, we observed that TRMT61A drives translational reprogramming. TRMT61A preserves the stability of specific tRNA isoacceptors (e.g., tRNA-Leu-CAA), which is required for the efficient decoding of mRNAs containing m1A-dependent codons. Consequently, TRMT61A selectively promotes the translational elongation of the key receptor TGFβR1. This amplifies downstream TGF-β/SMAD signaling and drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) without affecting mRNA transcription. In summary, our study reveals how TRMT61A drives BPH progression through TGFβR1 translation, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting epitranscriptomic pathways to reverse prostatic hyperplasia and fibrosis.

Male↗

PubMed2026

Gut microbiota and metabolic alterations in participants with flatulence identify Faecalibacterium prausnitzii as a key microbial target for clinical intervention.

Flatulence is closely associated with gut dysbiosis, yet the characteristic microbial signatures, metabolic alterations, and actionable intervention targets remain unclear. This limited mechanistic understanding has hindered the development of precise microbiota-based strategies for managing flatulence. Here, we found that participants with flatulence exhibited marked shifts in gut microbial functions and fecal metabolic profiles compared with healthy controls, characterized by enhanced abnormal fermentation, enrichment of oxidative stress-related functions, elevated low-grade inflammatory signatures, and reduced anti-inflammatory and mucosal-protective metabolic features. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was significantly negatively associated with the high-gas-producing phenotype. In vitro replenishment experiments further validated the role of F. prausnitzii in reducing gas production, promoting butyrate generation, and remodeling butyrate-associated microbial communities. Based on microbial interaction analysis, we identified Bifidobacterium longum CCFM1319 as a candidate strain for targeting F. prausnitzii. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, supplementation with B. longum CCFM1319 significantly increased intestinal F. prausnitzii abundance and improved flatulence-related symptoms. Collectively, these findings reveal the microbiota and metabolic dysbiosis underlying flatulence, highlight the key regulatory role of F. prausnitzii, and lays the foundation for targeted microbiota-based intervention strategies for flatulence.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The HOXA gene cluster: a critical regulator in bone-related disorders.

BACKGROUND: Skeletal homeostasis relies on the dynamic balance between bone formation and bone resorption. The disruption of this balance acts as the central pathological mechanism of multiple metabolic bone diseases including osteoporosis, and is closely correlated with the progression of various other bone-related disorders. As pivotal transcription factors regulating embryonic development and cell fate, the homeobox A (HOXA) gene family plays an essential role in skeletal physiological and pathological processes. METHODS: This review systematically summarizes recent research advances of the HOXA gene family in bone-related diseases, concludes the evolutionarily conserved regulatory patterns of HOXA members, and clarifies the molecular mechanisms by which HOXA genes mediate bone metabolic disorders and the occurrence as well as development of bone diseases. RESULTS: Accumulating evidence demonstrates that HOXA family members present complex functions and strong heterogeneity in bone-related diseases. They participate in the pathogenesis of bone diseases via three evolutionarily conserved regulatory manners: determining regional patterning, modulating signaling pathways, and integrating epigenetic and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regulatory networks. CONCLUSION: Further exploring the underlying mechanisms of the HOXA family in bone-related diseases provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of bone disorders. Meanwhile, it also supplies solid theoretical basis and potential therapeutic targets for the development of novel HOXA-targeted therapeutic strategies against bone diseases.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Mechanistic insights into flavor deterioration in bitter sturgeon caviar: Evidence from lipidomics and metagenomics.

This study systematically compared the flavor and multi-omics differences between normal caviar and bitter caviar based on quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), volatile compounds (VOCs) analysis, untargeted lipidomics, and metagenomics. The results showed that bitter caviar was characterized not only by increased bitterness, but also by decreased positive sensory attributes, including buttery, nutty, and marine fresh. VOCs analysis indicated that the volatile profile of bitter caviar was reorganized. Compounds such as 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 1-octen-3-ol, and (E, Z)-2,6-nonadienal showed higher relative odor activity values (rOAVs); however, these changes did not improve its overall sensory experience. Untargeted lipidomics identified 492 differential lipids. These changes were mainly characterized by decreased PC and increased DG and LPC in bitter caviar. KEGG pathways analysis showed that these differential lipids were mainly associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism, choline metabolism in cancer, and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. Metagenomic analysis showed that bacteria dominated the microbial community of caviar. Among them, Bacillus and Micromonospora showed relatively high abundance in the caviar microbiota. They were also closely associated with lipid metabolic changes involving PC, DG, and LPC, suggesting their potential as candidate targets for future microbiota-directed regulation of caviar quality. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying sensory deterioration and flavor formation in bitter caviar, and offer a theoretical basis for improving caviar quality in industrial production.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Bioactive peptides for meat quality and preservation: Integrating peptidomics and computational screening.

Bioactive peptides generated from meat proteins, fermented meat products, and slaughter by-products have attracted increasing attention as functional molecules for improving meat quality and preservation. In meat systems, peptides can be produced through endogenous postmortem proteolysis, microbial fermentation, gastrointestinal digestion, or controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of underutilized animal by-products. These peptides are closely associated with key meat science endpoints, including postmortem tenderization, oxidative stability, color retention, flavor development, microbial inhibition, and the valorization of processing by-products. However, although high-resolution peptidomics has greatly expanded the identification of meat-derived peptide sequences, their translation into practical meat applications remains limited by matrix interactions, processing stability, sensory constraints, safety concerns, and insufficient validation in real meat systems. This review synthesizes recent advances in meat-related peptidomics and computational screening, including sequence-based prediction, machine learning, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, stability assessment, and safety-oriented filtering. Particular attention is given to how these approaches can prioritize peptides with antioxidant, antimicrobial, flavor-modulating, and preservation-related functions under meat-specific technological constraints. By integrating peptide generation pathways, mass spectrometry-based identification, in silico prioritization, and meat quality endpoints, this review proposes a stage-gated framework for translating meat-derived bioactive peptides from discovery to application. Future research should strengthen matrix-specific validation, standardized peptidomic reporting, and safety assessment to support the use of bioactive peptides in meat quality improvement, clean-label preservation, and circular utilization of meat industry by-products.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Effectiveness of grief interventions in underrepresented regions: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis.

Background: Most evidence on grief and bereavement interventions originates from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) populations, raising concerns about the generalizability and cultural relevance of existing findings in diverse global contexts. Individuals confronted with the death of a close person, particularly in cases of sudden or potentially traumatic loss, may be at increased risk of adverse psychological and physical health outcomes, highlighting the importance of effective interventions. This study aimed to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of grief interventions in underrepresented regions.Method: A systematic search of Web of Science, APA PsycInfo, and Scopus, supplemented by manual reference checks, identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) targeting bereaved individuals in underrepresented regions. Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate overall and subgroup effects based on control type, loss type, and intervention characteristics.Results: Fourteen RCTs comprising 1122 participants were included. Grief interventions demonstrated a significant moderate-to-large effect compared to control conditions (SMD = -0.74, 95% CI [-1.01, -0.47]). Substantial heterogeneity was observed (I² = 77%). No significant subgroup differences were identified.Conclusion: Grief interventions show promising effectiveness across diverse cultural and geographical contexts. However, the limited and heterogeneous evidence base highlights the need for more high-quality RCTs and for the development of culturally sensitive and contextually grounded approaches to mental health care in underrepresented regions.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Infertility treatment in women with epilepsy: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The impact of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) on seizure control in women with epilepsy remains incompletely understood. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 2025. Eligible studies included observational studies and case-based reports involving women undergoing infertility treatment. RESULTS: A total of 1216 publications were identified, of which four studies met the inclusion criteria, including case reports, a case series, and a cohort study. These studies included 16 women aged 25-46 years undergoing infertility treatment, all but one of whom had epilepsy. Interventions involved in vitro fertilization (IVF), ovulation induction, and hormonal therapies. Patients were treated with a range of antiseizure medications (ASMs), including carbamazepine, clobazam, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, valproate, and zonisamide, either as monotherapy or in combination. Seizure frequency was generally stable, with most patients maintaining baseline seizure control. Seizure exacerbations were uncommon and primarily associated with hormonal therapy and reduced ASM levels, particularly reduced lamotrigine levels. Reported events included breakthrough seizures in the setting of decreased lamotrigine concentrations, seizure clusters associated with follitropin beta, and a new-onset seizure following dehydroepiandrosterone exposure. Across studies, multiple ART attempts resulted in live births with different ASM regimens, as well as in patients not receiving ASMs. CONCLUSION: Available evidence suggests that ART is feasible in women with epilepsy, with most patients maintaining stable seizure control. Hormonal therapy may affect ASM pharmacokinetics and seizure threshold, thereby warranting close monitoring. Larger prospective studies are needed to better define ASM-specific effects and optimize care.

Humans↗