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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Asthma hospitalizations and mortality in Chicago: an epidemiologic overview.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To characterize the patterns and correlates of asthma hospitalizations and mortality in Chicago. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of discharge data for 1996 and mortality time trend data for the period from 1990 to 1997. SETTING: The city of Chicago, IL, with Cook County, IL, and US data employed for comparisons. POPULATION STUDIED: People who were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of asthma and people whose underlying cause of death was asthma. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The 1996 asthma hospitalization rate for Chicago was 42.8 per 10,000, more than twice as high as suburban Chicago or US rates. Medicaid patients were overrepresented. Length of stay was longer for older patients and Medicaid patients. Age-adjusted asthma mortality in Chicago was 4.7 times higher in non-Hispanic blacks than in non-Hispanic whites. The black/white asthma mortality ratio is 2.5:1 for the nation overall. Asthma mortality rates for Hispanics in Chicago were between those of non-Hispanic whites and blacks but have almost doubled during this decade. CONCLUSIONS: The rising asthma mortality and high asthma hospitalization rates in Chicago constitute a significant public health problem. Comorbidities more common in urban environments, such as substance abuse, may play a unique role in determining the distribution of adverse outcomes within Chicago's population. Asthma hospitalizations and deaths may vary in their risk profiles, and this should be taken into account when developing research and intervention strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Locating and quantifying PCB sources in Chicago: receptor modeling and field sampling.

Potential source contribution function (PSCF) modeling using polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations measured in the Chicago area resolved three PCB source sectors. They were (i) the direction northwest of Chicago, (ii) the direction southwest of Chicago, and (iii) the south side of Chicago in the neighborhood of Lake Calumet. The area south of Chicago was further examined by taking upwind/ downwind samples near a landfill and sludge drying beds. Results identified the sludge drying beds and a large landfill as PCB sources to the atmosphere. Another PCB source identified in Chicago was a transformer storage yard. This site had the highest upwind/downwind concentration increments in this study (downwind PCB concentrations were more than 5 times those in the upwind air). These PCB sources were characterized in terms of inventories, emission rates, contributions, and PCB congener profiles (fingerprints). Preliminarily results indicate that the sludge may emit up to 90 kg/yr of PCBs to the air. This amount is probably not a significant contribution of PCBs to the Chicago atmosphere on the basis of dispersion modeling results and a simple box model.

Chicago↗