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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Clinical cases of infectious coryza and the properties of isolated Haemophilus strains].

Studied were a total of sixteen cases with the clinical picture of coryza. Leading role in eleven of them had Haemophilus, in one the signs of chronical cholera and pox were seen, and in three there was a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. All cases were serologically positive for CRD. By their needs of nutrient growth factors the isolated Haemophilus strains belonged to H. paragallinarum, and they proved pathogenic for 8-week-old birds and poults that were about to lay their first eggs, killing 4-7-day-old chick embryos up to the 48 h hour. Tests for resistance to therapeutic means with the use of the disk-diffusion method revealed sensitivity to streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, erythromycin, spectinomycin, furazolidon, imekil, cosumix, trimetoprim, and sulfadoxin. Good and very good therapeutic and prophylactic effects were produced with the use of sulfotin, cosumix, linkospectin, and trimedin coupled with aerosol disinfection with rivanol, the birds being present on the premise. It is stated that with regard to differential diagnosis coryza caused by Haemophilus paragallinarum should not be confused with fowl cholera, pox, CRD, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection which may run their course in a mixed infection.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differentiation among bacteria isolated from turkeys with coryza (rhinotracheitis).

Gram-negative bacteria isolated from turkeys with coryza in the United States, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the Republic of South Africa were compared with known Alcaligenes species and Bordetella bronchiseptica. The turkey isolates were separated into three distinct groups based on biochemical and physiologic tests. Forty of the 68 isolates studied (group I) were different from Alcaligenes sp. and B. bronchiseptica. Isolates in group I produced a heat-labile hemagglutinin and did not grow on Simmons' citrate agar. Isolates in group II (25 isolates) were similar to A. faecalis and A. odorans, grew on Simmons' citrate agar, and did not produce a hemagglutinin. Isolates in group III were B. bronchiseptica. Isolates from groups I and II caused coryza in poults. Group III isolates were not pathogenic.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunization against turkey coryza by colonization with mutants of Alcaligenes faecalis.

Temperature-sensitive mutants of Alcaligenes faecalis that exhibited reduced growth at 42 C but grew well at 30 C were induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Four of the 5 mutants that were studied readily colonized the nasal mucosa of turkeys when given intranasally or in drinking water. Several mutants caused no signs of coryza or depression and produced minimal colonization of the trachea. Colonization of the nasal mucosa lasted 3 to 4 weeks and induced moderate levels of serum antibodies. When challenged with virulent isolates of A. faecalis 4 to 6 weeks after having been exposed to the mutants, unstressed turkeys were protected; turkeys subjected to water deprivation exhibited some colonization with the virulent strain and showed slight signs of coryza.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1991

Preparation and use of an autogenous bacterin against infectious coryza in chickens.

An experiment was conducted to determine the efficacy of an autogenous bacterin against infectious coryza from a local strain of Haemophilus paragallinarum in Morocco compared with a commercial vaccine. Hens were vaccinated with a single dose or two doses of the bacterin at 15 and 18 weeks of age. Both the autogenous and the commercial vaccine conferred significant protection against experimental challenge (94% and 88%, respectively). A single dose was less protective with both vaccines.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2003

Efficacy of a new tetravalent coryza vaccine against emerging variant type B strains.

Outbreaks of infectious coryza have been reported in vaccinated flocks in different countries, indicating that new serotype(s) of Haemophilus paragallinarum may have evolved. Several field isolates from vaccinated flocks in the US, Ecuador, Argentina and Zimbabwe were examined and, apart from one serotype C strain, all were typed as serotype B. An inactivated commercial trivalent vaccine, containing serotypes A, B and C, protected against challenge with the serotype C isolate but protection against challenge with serotype B isolates was weaker, suggesting that they might represent a new variant immunotype. An experimental tetravalent oil adjuvant vaccine, containing one of the serotype B isolates, appeared immunogenic against all isolates after one vaccination. Its efficacy and safety were further tested in layer chickens housed under field conditions. Chickens were vaccinated at 8 and 16 weeks of age while controls were unvaccinated. Vaccinates and controls were challenged with type A, B, C and variant type B at 25, 45 or 65 weeks of age. There was good protection (P<0.05) against all four immunotypes after all challenges. No systemic reactions were observed and local reactions were similar to those found with the commercial trivalent vaccine. The tetravalent vaccine may therefore be a good choice for control of new field isolates.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between antigen release and antibody response of infectious coryza water-in-oil-in-water emulsion vaccines.

The relationship between the antigen release from formulations in vitro and the antibody response after administration of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion vaccines containing Haemophilus paragallinarum (Hpg) was studied in chickens. Increases of sorbitan sesquioleate volume in the formulation led to slower antigen release and tended to induce higher hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titers. In addition, the vaccines prepared with internal aqueous phase:oil phase:external aqueous phase (A:O:A) ratios of 3:4:3 and 3:3:4 also showed slower release of antigen and higher HI antibody titer compared with those of an A:O:A ratio of 3:2:5. Vaccines prepared with polyoxyethylene (POE)(10) hydrogenated castor oil or POE(40) hydrogenated castor oil instead of sorbitan sesquioleate showed higher release and lower antibody HI titers. As a result, HI antibody titers at 6 wk after vaccination were inversely related to antigen release, as determined by the release test. The correlation coefficient was 0.942. In infectious coryza W/O/W emulsion vaccines, the slow release of antigen from the formulation induced and maintained high HI antibody titers of Hpg.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of inactivated infectious coryza vaccines containing a double-emulsion adjuvant system.

The efficacy of experimental inactivated infectious coryza vaccines produced by a commercial vaccine manufacturer was evaluated. The vaccines, containing as the adjuvant phase either a double-emulsion mineral oil system or aluminum-hydroxide gel, were administered to 6-week-old chickens as a single dose. Some vaccines were a monovalent product containing a Page serovar C Haemophilus paragallinarum strain, and others were a bivalent product containing both Page serovar A and serovar C strains. After 3 weeks, all chickens were challenged by infraorbital sinus inoculation of virulent H. paragallinarum, either Page serovar C (strain HP31) or Page serovar A (strain HP14). The monovalent serovar C double-emulsion-based vaccines gave significant protection against a serovar C challenge, with the level of protection varying from 60% to 100%. The monovalent serovar C aluminum-hydroxide-gel vaccine also gave significant protection (94%) against a serovar C challenge. The bivalent double-emulsion vaccine gave significant protection against challenge from both serovars (100% for serovar C and 83% for serovar A). Although no major adverse reactions were detected, some chickens receiving both the double-emulsion vaccines and the aluminum-hydroxide vaccine developed relatively minor granulomatous reactions at the site of injection.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Further efficacy studies on inactivated, aluminum-hydroxide-adsorbed vaccines against infectious coryza.

Specific-pathogen-free chickens were given infectious coryza vaccines containing inactivated cells of Haemophilus paragallinarum adsorbed onto an aluminum-hydroxide gel. The vaccines were protective when given subcutaneously or intramuscularly but not when given intranasally. Vaccines prepared with two different commercial brands of aluminum-hydroxide gel gave similar protection. Vaccines in which the inactivating agent was thimerosal were more protective than similar vaccines in which the inactivating agent was formalin. Monovalent vaccines protected against challenge only from organisms of the same agglutination serovar, whereas bivalent vaccines protected against challenge from organisms of either serovar. A single dose of the vaccine, given at 16 weeks of age, was not as effective as two doses given at 12 and 16 weeks of age in protecting against challenge 12, 25, or 56 weeks after vaccination.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Further comparison of adjuvants for an inactivated infectious coryza vaccine.

Inactivated infectious coryza vaccines containing different adjuvants were administered to 6-week-old chickens as a single dose containing 10(8) colony-forming units of Haemophilus paragallinarum HP31. After 3 weeks, all chickens were challenged by intrasinus inoculation of HP31. Two vaccines, one containing an aluminum-hydroxide adjuvant and the other a combined aluminum-hydroxide + avridine (a lipoidal amine) adjuvant, were effective. The three remaining vaccines--containing mineral-oil double-emulsion, avridine, or a combination of mineral-oil double-emulsion + avridine--gave much lower levels of protection. No adverse reactions were seen with any vaccine.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of adjuvants for an inactivated infectious coryza vaccine.

Differently formulated inactivated infectious coryza vaccines were administered to 6-week-old chickens as a single dose of 10(8) colony-forming units of Haemophilus paragallinarum HP31. After 3 weeks, all chickens were challenged by intrasinus inoculation of HP31. Two vaccines, one containing an aluminum-hydroxide adjuvant and the other a combined aluminum-hydroxide + mineral-oil adjuvant, gave the best protection (means of 80% and 90%, respectively). Two vaccines that contained mineral oil as the sole adjuvant gave less protection (50% and 35%). The Quil A vaccine gave no significant protection. Granulomatous swellings developed at the site of injection in birds given mineral-oil adjuvant but not in those that received other adjuvants.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Turkey coryza: toxin production by Bordetella avium.

Twelve strains of Bordetella avium representing isolates from turkeys in the United States, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the Republic of South Africa were tested for toxin production. Sterile filtered sonicates from 9 of 12 strains contained a toxin that was lethal for 7-to-10-day-old poults. Mice were also susceptible to the lethal effects of the toxin. No differences in susceptibility to the toxin were found between Beltsville small white and broad-breasted white poults. The toxin was solubilized by sonication and inactivated by heating at 56 C for 30 min. Treatment with formalin or proteolytic enzymes inactivated the toxin, indicating that it is probably a protein. The evidence suggests that the toxin is involved in the pathogenesis of turkey coryza.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of a commercial turkey coryza vaccine (Art-Vax) in turkey poults.

Four laboratory experiments were designed to study the efficacy of the only available commercial vaccine for turkey coryza, Art-Vax. Poults were vaccinated either once or twice at different ages and challenged with pathogenic Alcaligenes faecalis. In another study, commercial turkeys vaccinated at 1 and 12 days of age on a commercial farm were brought to the laboratory for challenge with pathogenic A. faecalis. Both the laboratory- and field-vaccinated poults were given the manufacturer's recommended dosage of the vaccine strain. Regardless of the vaccine schedule or source of poults, the vaccine was not effective in protecting challenged turkeys from infection. Furthermore, the vaccine was not effective in protecting poults less than 3 weeks of age from disease, but it was effective in protecting poults more than 3 weeks of age from disease. These results indicate that although vaccinated turkeys older than 3 weeks of age were not susceptible to disease, they were susceptible to infection and could act as carriers of field strains of A. faecalis, thus perpetuating the risk of infection to flocks subsequently raised in the same buildings.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1981

Effect of xylometazoline nasal spray on nasal conductance in subjects with coryza.

The ability of xylometazoline topical spray to reduce nasal congestion was evaluated in 44 normal subjects with coryza due to upper respiratory infection. Rating scales were completed for the subjective response and nasal airway resistance (expressed as nasal conductance, Gn) measured for the objective response over six hours. In 30 subjects, post treatment Gn was compared to the measurement after their colds had subsided. The increase in Gn following xylometazoline was rapid and profound, remaining significantly elevated for the six hour period, and it was greater than the asymptomatic value from 10 minutes to nearly five hours. Other symptoms were not markedly affected by the medication. Subjective scores indicated continued relief after treatment, but the small negative correlation suggested that rating scales were not reliable indices of nasal congestion. No differences were observed in the responses when cigarette smokers were compared with nonsmokers.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Field vaccination trials against turkey coryza using a temperature-sensitive mutant of Alcaligenes faecalis.

In field trials, 14 flocks of turkeys were vaccinated against coryza (rhinotracheitis) with a temperature-sensitive mutant of Alcaligenes faecalis via drinking water. Vaccine doses of 5 to 250 million bacteria per turkey were used. Turkeys ranged in age from 2.5 to 13 weeks. Doses of 5 to 7 million bacteria did not induce complete protection. Doses of 50 million bacteria or more appeared to induce substantial immunity in most flocks. Six-week-old birds receiving doses of 90 million bacteria developed a high degree of protection against challenge with virulent A. faecalis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Passive immune protection of turkeys against Coryza.

Antisera made against whole cells of Bordetella avium protected turkeys against disease signs of turkey coryza, but antiserum against the dermonecrotic heat-labile toxin (DHLT) did not. Neither antiserum against whole cells nor antiserum against DHLT protected turkeys against colonization of the trachea by B. avium. At least 25 bands in whole cell lysate of B. avium separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) reacted in immunoblots with protective antiserum. These bands occurred at < 40 kDa and > 105.3 kDa. DHLT had an isoelectric point (pI) in the range pH 6.3-6.7. Following SDS-PAGE of isoelectric-focused fractions, two bands were recognized by anti-DHLT with immunoblots of pI 6.3, pI 6.5, and pI 6.7 fractions separated by SDS-PAGE.

Animals↗