Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Berkeley”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

The apoptosis effect of hispolon from Phellinus linteus (Berkeley & Curtis) Teng on human epidermoid KB cells.

Phellinus linteus (Berkeley & Curtis) Teng, a well-known fungus of the genus Phellinus in the family of Hymenochaetaceae, is being increasingly used to treat a wide variety of disease processes such as oral ulcer, gastroenteric disorder, inflammation, lymphatic disease, and various cancers. However, the mechanism underlying its anti-oral cancer effect is poorly understood. In the present study, we prepared the ethanol extract of Phellinus linteus as a crude drug, and then obtained the active component hispolon by bioassay-guided isolation. Hispolon showed a dose-dependent inhibition of human epidermoid KB cell proliferation with IC50 of 4.62+/-0.16 microg/ml. Furthermore, it was revealed that hispolon could induce human epidermoid KB cell apoptosis with the characteristic of a DNA ladder, and with a significant increase of sub-G1. This process was accompanied by the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of cytochrome c and the activation of Caspase-3. These results demonstrated that hispolon induced the death of KB cells through a mitochondria mediated apoptotic pathway. We propose that Phellinus linteus and its effective components could be used as an anti-oral cancer drug for future studies.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2001

The Berkeley Contact Lens Extended Wear Study. Part I : Study design and conduct.

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of the Berkeley Contact Lens Extended Wear Study (CLEWS) was to test the hypotheses that extended wear of rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lenses with greater oxygen permeability (Dk) reduces the incidence of contact lens-associated keratopathy (CLAK) and increases the survival rate in RGP extended wear (EW). In this article we describe the clinical trial design in detail, present the results of subject recruitment and retention, and provide the baseline demographic and ocular characteristics of the CLEWS subjects, whose data will be analyzed to address the study aims in a companion article. DESIGN: A randomized, concurrently controlled clinical trial. INTERVENTION: Subjects were fitted with day wear (DW) high-Dk RGP lenses and then adapted to EW. Subjects who adapted to EW were then randomly assigned to either high- or medium-Dk RGP lenses for 12 months of 6-nights/week EW. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Slit-lamp assessment and grading of 17 possible keratopathies, measurement of refractive error and corneal curvature, and symptoms. Follow-up data were collected every 3 months. RESULTS: From 545 subjects entering the DW adaptation phase, 201 adapted to EW and were randomly assigned to medium- or high-Dk lenses for 12 months of EW. The baseline characteristics of the two study groups were similar and did not differ from the 344 DW subjects who failed to adapt to EW. The distributions of oxygen transmissibility for the two study groups were disjoint, indicating that each group received distinctly different levels of hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS: We show that CLEWS was appropriately designed to address the study hypotheses, was conducted with regard for the safety of the subjects, and adhered to rigorous protocols designed to control for bias and ensure the integrity of study data. We establish the internal validity of between-group statistical comparisons and characterize our study population to permit informed evaluation of the applicability of our results to the contact lens-wearing population in general.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of height acceleration curves in the Fels, Zurich, and Berkeley growth data.

A new type of smoothing spline designed for nonparametric estimation of growth acceleration curves was applied to longitudinal measures of height from the Fels, Zurich, and Berkeley growth studies. Landmark features of the individual acceleration curves were located and examined for site effects and site by sex interaction. The curves in each group were structurally averaged by transforming the age scale of each child to align the landmarks with overall means. The modal shapes of the structural average curves were found to be highly similar in the three studies, although the relative number of children who conformed to the modal pattern differed among the studies. Significant site by sex interactions were found in the timing of the landmarks associated with the pubertal growth spurt and with the prepubertal 'midspurt'.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project gene disruption project: Single P-element insertions mutating 25% of vital Drosophila genes.

A fundamental goal of genetics and functional genomics is to identify and mutate every gene in model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster. The Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project (BDGP) gene disruption project generates single P-element insertion strains that each mutate unique genomic open reading frames. Such strains strongly facilitate further genetic and molecular studies of the disrupted loci, but it has remained unclear if P elements can be used to mutate all Drosophila genes. We now report that the primary collection has grown to contain 1045 strains that disrupt more than 25% of the estimated 3600 Drosophila genes that are essential for adult viability. Of these P insertions, 67% have been verified by genetic tests to cause the associated recessive mutant phenotypes, and the validity of most of the remaining lines is predicted on statistical grounds. Sequences flanking >920 insertions have been determined to exactly position them in the genome and to identify 376 potentially affected transcripts from collections of EST sequences. Strains in the BDGP collection are available from the Bloomington Stock Center and have already assisted the research community in characterizing >250 Drosophila genes. The likely identity of 131 additional genes in the collection is reported here. Our results show that Drosophila genes have a wide range of sensitivity to inactivation by P elements, and provide a rationale for greatly expanding the BDGP primary collection based entirely on insertion site sequencing. We predict that this approach can bring >85% of all Drosophila open reading frames under experimental control.

Alleles↗
PubMed1986

Heavy charged particle therapy of bone and soft tissue sarcoma. A phase I-II trial of the University of California Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and the Northern California Oncology Group.

At the University of California Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and the Northern California Oncology Group, a preliminary study of heavy charged particle radiotherapy in soft tissue and bone sarcoma has been carried out. Fifty-two patients with bone or soft tissue tumors were treated wholly or in part with heavy charged particles from 1978 to 1985. Eleven patients, considered inevaluable for purposes of this analysis, received less than 50 Gray-equivalents (GyE) because of the following: progressive disease (three patients); palliative treatment due to recurrent disease after previous radiation therapy (three patients); or since they were part of preliminary studies of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) (five patients). Forty-one patients received from 50 to 78.5 GyE, with a mean of 65 GyE. They had an average of 23 months follow-up, ranging from 4 to 78 months. In patients with paraspinal chondrosarcoma 9 of 11 had local control, with a mean follow-up time of 32 months. In the remaining patients with other histologies, 19 of 30 were controlled within the irradiated area, with a mean follow-up time of 20 months. Serious complications were encountered in the CNS (four patients), in the bowel (one patient), and in bone (one patient). Heavy charged particle radiotherapy appears to be of value in treating bone or soft tissue sarcoma; further trials are planned.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1983

The Berkeley Orthokeratology Study, Part I: General conduct of the study.

The Berkeley Orthokeratology Study was a single center, randomized, concurrently controlled masked clinical trial. Eighty subjects were studied--40 in an orthokeratology (OK) treatment group and 40 in a control group fitted with conventional hard contact lenses. Visual and ocular characteristics were monitored for 1.5 years in order to assess relative efficacy, duration, and safety of the OK treatment. This report describes the general conduct of the study including recruitment methods, eligibility requirements, randomization and masking procedures, contact lens materials, and the treatment and follow-up plan. Baseline comparison revealed that the 21 subjects lost to follow-up were similar to the 59 subjects who completed follow-up and also that the 31 treatment and 28 control subjects in this group were quite similar in their baseline characteristics. In the course of adaptation and subsequent follow-up, treatment subjects were fitted with six lenses per eye on the average compared with three per eye in the control group. Analysis of lens prescriptions shows that the treatment lenses were substantially larger, thicker, and fitted optically flatter than those worn by the control group.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Berkeley's moral philosophy.

Berkeley held that the moral duty of mankind was to obey God's laws; that--since God was a benevolent Creator--the object of His laws must be to promote the welfare and flourishing of mankind; and that, accordingly, humans could identify their moral duties by asking what system of laws for conduct would in fact tend to promote that object. This position--which is akin to that of 'rule' Utilitarianism--is neither unfamiliar nor manifestly untenable. He was surely mistaken, however, in his further supposition that, if this theory were accepted, the resolution of all (or most) particular moral dilemmas would be simple and straightforward.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMed1993

Has this doctor-governor found the key to health reform?. Interview by Berkeley Rice.

Under the leadership of internist Howard Dean, the nation's only physician-governor, Vermont is adopting a comprehensive health-care plan that will revolutionize the way the state's doctors practice medicine. As Vermont goes, so may the nation, for Dean is one of the key advisers to the Clinton administration on health-care reform. But if the Vermont plan serves as a model for the rest of the country, many doctors may find it a better pill to swallow. Among other things, it could mean that nearly all the state's physicians will, in effect, participate in a state-run HMO and be subject to global fees and budgets that will also cover hospitals (see opposite page). While the plan's specific provisions are still being debated, Dean's views have spread to other states and to the Clinton administration through his role as co-chairman of the National Governor's Association task force on health care. In a recent interview with Senior Associate Editor Berkeley Rice in the governor's office in Montpelier, Dean discussed Vermont's new health plan, its importance as a model for other states, and his unique perspective as physician-governor.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1986

The Experience of Electroconvulsive Therapy in the 1980s: A Prospective Study of the Knowledge, Opinions, and Experience of California Electroconvulsive Therapy Patients in the Berkeley Years.

In 1982, the city of Berkeley, California voted to make the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) a crime. Though later overturned, this ordinance generated much publicity and underscored the public's general negative view of ECT. In this climate, the authors surveyed first-time ECT recipients (n = 35), and a group with prior ECT (n = 20) to examine patient knowledge, experience, and opinions of ECT in California in the 1980s. Patients in both groups believed ECT should be available and did not think it was used for punishment or control. First-time ECT patients showed good understanding of the ECT process, thought that they had adequate information with which to decide about ECT, and were optimistic about the outcome. In comparison, those with prior ECT were less knowledgeable, less sure about the ECT process, less optimistic about the outcome, and more frightened of the procedure. After treatment, first-time ECT patients believed they had made a good decision to have ECT and that they were helped. Complaints of memory dysfunction were common. Patients who received ECT in the past may have had a more negative experience with ECT than those undergoing the procedure in the 1980s. These more negative experiences may have determined present media presentations and, therefore, had an influence on present day public attitudes against ECT. Accurate portrayals of ECT, as it is done today, may improve public attitudes toward ECT and forestall adverse legislation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

[Heavy particle radiotherapy at the University of California Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Clinical studies by the Northern California Oncology Group].

At the university of California Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, patients have been irradiated for 10 years with heavy ions (He, C, Ne, Si). Due to the biologic efficacy of this type of radiation as well as the possibility of a precise dose application, the tumors can be irradiated with very high doses without exposing the surrounding tissues. The experience gained in the treatment of more than 800 patients is presented. It shows that this radiation can be used to localize tumors situated near to particularly radiosensitive organs such as skull base, paraspinal region, and the eye.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Helium-ion radiation therapy at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory: recent results of a Northern California Oncology Group Clinical Trial.

We report on the first decade of the helium-ion radiotherapy clinical trial being carried out at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Over 500 patients have now been treated. We have had very good results to date in treating patients with small tumors critically located near a radiation-sensitive organ which would preclude delivering a curative dose with conventional radiotherapy. On the other hand, patients with larger tumors where the tumor dose cannot be increased more than 10% over conventional radiotherapy have not responded well to helium ion radiotherapy. This is illustrated by discussing selected patient groups in detail, namely those with uveal melanoma, small, low-grade tumors near the central nervous system, carcinoma of the pancreas, and carcinoma of the esophagus.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Current considerations in heavy charged-particle radiotherapy: a clinical research trial of the University of California Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Northern California Oncology Group, and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group.

Phase I and II radiotherapy trials with accelerated high-energy heavy charged-particle beams have been carried out at the University of California Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in conjunction with the Northern California Oncology Group and the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Clinical experience with several anatomical regions and tumor types has been accumulated. Preliminary observations suggest that toxicity is acceptable with treatment techniques developed for neon ions. Further data must be accumulated for carbon or silicon ion therapy. Initial Phase III trials with neon ions should begin shortly; evaluation of optimal ions and techniques for improved dose localization is ongoing. Future directions for optimization of heavy charged-particle radiotherapy are presented.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Radiotherapy with heavy charged particles at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.

Since July 1975, 157 patients have been irradiated with heavy charged particles at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in a Phase I-II clinical trial to study the usefulness of these particles in the irradiation of human cancers. The particles utilized have included helium, primarily of interest because of improved dose distributions with reduction of dose to adjacent normal tissues, and heavier particles such as carbon, neon and argon ions which have the additional potential of increased biologic effectiveness against the tumor, especially hypoxic tumor cells. Initial results with helium particles have been sufficiently good to warrant a Phase III randomized trial in carcinoma of the pancreas; in other tumor sites, and with other particles, Phase I -- Phase II studies are in progress. Although follow-up is short, control within the irradiated area in this heterogeneous group of patients appears at least as good as with current megavoltage irradiation and complications to date are acceptably low, warranting further studies with heavy charged particles.

Argon↗
PubMed1998

Assessing young children's views of their academic, social, and emotional lives: an evaluation of the self-perception scales of the Berkeley Puppet Interview.

In a prospective, longitudinal study we examined the psychometric properties of the self-perception scales of the Berkeley Puppet Interview (BPI). A total sample of 97 young children were assessed with the BPI at 3 time points: preschool, kindergarten, and first grade. The BPI assesses young children's self-perceptions of their school adjustment in 6 domains: academic competence, achievement motivation, social competence, peer acceptance, depression-anxiety, and aggression-hostility. Results showed that 4 1/2- to 7 1/2-year-olds possess a multidimensional self-concept that can be reliably measured and that the BPI is sensitive to normative changes and individual differences in young boys' and girls' views of themselves. Support for the method's validity was derived from consistent and meaningful patterns of convergence between children's self-perceptions and ratings by adult informants--mothers, fathers, and teachers--as well as standardized test scores. In fact, in this study, the concordance between young children's self-reports and parallel ratings by teachers or mothers were consistently as strong as if not stronger than the concordance between mothers' and teachers' ratings.

Achievement↗