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PubMed1997

[Evaluation by bioelectric impedance of body fluid compartments and body mass in cardiosurgical patients before and after total cardiopulmonary bypass].

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the influence of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) on fluid compartments and body mass using impedance measurements. METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 20 consecutive patients undergoing ECC during heart surgery at the Department of Heart Surgery of Verona Hospital. Resistance or reactance measurements at 1-5-10-50-100 KHz were performed in 20 patients undergoing heart surgery for valvular or coronary pathologies in class NYHA I or II, preoperatively and on day 1, 3 and 6 in order to evaluate total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW), thin and fat body mass. Weight, fluid-electrolytic balance and hematochemical parameters relating to electrochemical phenomena and the distribution of volumes in the various compartments, namely sodium, potassium and plasmatic osmolarity, were measured at the same times. Comparisons were made both between the data and during ECC. RESULTS: It was found that there was a mean postoperative weight gain of 2 kg in terms of total body water. Subsequently, this finding tended to decrease to basal values by day 6. Immediately after ECC, the water gain appeared to be predominantly extracellular, whereas the intracellular increase peaked on day 1. The change in total body water was correlated with the weight and fluid balance, but electrical measurements showed values above the corresponding weight gain. The duration of ECC was significantly correlated with bioelectric parameters, but not with absolute weight values. CONCLUSIONS: The method proved useful for the purpose, especially with regard to the overall population examined rather than individual patients. The dual-compartment electric model appears to be more suitable than the single-compartment model for exploring the different compartments. The trend of weight and total body water, which were correlated in pattern but not in absolute values, may be interpreted as a redistribution of fluids, also suggested by changes in electric parameters relating to compartmental distribution.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Body fluids].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1985

Clinical utility of body fluid analyses.

Abnormal body fluids provide a readily accessible source of diagnostic information. The clinician uses the information provided by body fluid analysis to formulate, in order of priority, a list of differential diagnoses and to follow the results of therapy. Commonly evaluated body fluids discussed in this article include pleural and peritoneal fluids, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1987

[Detection of beta 2-transferrin with agarose gel electrophoresis, immunofixation and silver staining in cerebrospinal fluid, secretions and other body fluids].

A method is described for the detection of beta 2-transferrin (asialotransferrin) in 1 microliter cerebrospinal fluid. Owing to its low content of sialic acid, beta 2-transferrin migrates more slowly than the main transferrin component (beta 1-transferrin) in electrophoresis. The high sensitivity and specificity of the test depend on immunofixation of the electrophoretically separated transferrin in the agarose gel, and on the visualization of the immune complex by staining with alkaline silver nitrate solution. Since beta 2-transferrin occurs practically only in cerebrospinal fluid and not in other body fluids, its detection in secretions from the nose or ear can be used for the diagnosis of rhinoor otoliquorrhoea. Even under unfavourable conditions, 10% cerebrospinal fluid can be detected in a secretion. Operator time for investigation of a secretion sample is 110 minutes and the analysis time is 5 hours. The direct costs are 95 German marks. Forty two secretions have been investigated so far. Eighteen were shown to contain cerebrospinal fluid, and this was confirmed by subsequent operative findings on the patients.

Asialoglycoproteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How to handle blood and body fluids.

Blood and body fluids and Universal Precautions have become part of the everyday vocabulary in health care. How body fluids are handled by individuals depends on their perception of risk for acquiring an infection from these substances and is not always based on sound knowledge. An understanding of how infections are acquired and the role of blood and body fluids as part of the risk is necessary if nurses and others are to use appropriate precautionary measures. Those parameters are discussed in this article.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1994

Body fluid microscopy in US laboratories. Data from two College of American Pathologists surveys, with practice recommendations.

Questionnaires addressing laboratory practices in cerebrospinal fluid and body fluid (serous, synovial) microscopy were distributed to participants in the Clinical Microscopy Survey of the College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Ill, in 1985 and 1989. In both Surveys, cell enumeration was performed primarily by hemocytometry, while nearly all respondents used Wright-stained microscopy. There was little formal quality control to assess the accuracy of counts or differential cell count. Less than 55% of laboratories used the cytocentrifuge. About half of respondents performed a differential cell count on every sample. Slides with atypical or malignant cells were usually (> 85%) reviewed by physicians without automatic referral to the cytopathology section. Only about half of respondents examined every synovial fluid specimen with polarized microscopy for crystals. Other than a modest increase in use of the cytocentrifuge, the 1989 Survey showed little interval change in practices. In 1989, there was equal dependence on Wright's and Papanicolaou's stains for an infrequent diagnosis of malignancy. The low rate of positives may have related to the high prevalence of wedge smears, a suboptimal technique. The Hematology and Clinical Microscopy Resource Committee of the College of American Pathologists makes recommendations for optimal laboratory handling of body fluid specimens for microscopy.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed2001

Phonatory effects of body fluid removal.

Adequate body and vocal fold hydration are believed to be critical to phonation. We hypothesized that body fluid reduction, without dehydration, would increase phonation threshold pressure (P(th)) and be associated with patient-perceived increases in phonatory effort and worsening voice quality. Using a single-subject, full-reversal design, a controlled volume of body fluid was repeatedly removed via ultrafiltration from adults with end stage renal disease (2 women, 4 men, ages 40-85 yrs). Two additional men (ages 81 and 68 yrs) served as placebo and healthy true controls, respectively. P(th), vocal effort and quality, blood pressure, and heart rate were assessed longitudinally. P(th) increased significantly with fluid volume reduction (3-4% of body weight from a hypervolemic to a grossly normovolemic body state) and reversed to baseline with fluid replacement in 4 of 6 treated subjects. Effects were observed with net ultrafiltration rates greater than or equal to 1.0 L/h; these effects were not observed in control subjects. Fluid loss accounted for 31.6% of variance in P(th) and 40.0% of variance in perceived vocal effort. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and/or diastolic blood pressure were significantly correlated with P(th) or fluid volume reduction in 6 subjects, including the placebo control (-.70 < or = r < or = -.44). Results indicate that substantial extracellular volume depletion without body dehydration causes voice symptoms, an effect possibly mediated by autonomic nervous control. We propose that mechanisms intrinsic to the vocal fold regulate its water flux and respond to hydration challenges.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The relation between potassium in body fluids and total body potassium in healthy and diabetic subjects.

1. The concentration of potassium in the erythrocytes and the plasma of forty-one normal subjects and twenty-five diabetic patients was measured and the results were used to calculate the total amount of potassium in the erythrocyte mass and the total amount of potassium in the plasma. The total body potassium was measured in a whole-body monitor. 2. In normal subjects a close correlation was found between total erythrocyte potassium and total body potassium and also between total plasma potassium and total body potassium. 3. The regression relation between total body potassium and total erythrocyte potassium in normal subjects was used to predict the total body potassium in diabetic patients. There was reasonable agreement between the measured and predicted total body potassium but there was poor agreement between the measured total body potassium and that predicted from the patient's height and age or height and age or height, weight and age.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

An evaluation of the cell-dyn 3200 for counting cells in cerebrospinal and other body fluids.

This study compared the white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts obtained with the Cell-Dyn 3200 (CD 3200) with results obtained by hemocytometer, the reference method for counting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and other body fluid specimens. Ninety-six CSF and 65 body fluid specimens were evaluated. Background counts were maintained on the CD 3200 at 0.001 x 10(9)/L and 0.00 x 10(12)/L for WBC and RBC counts, respectively. Linearity and precision were acceptable for both the total nucleated cell (TNC) count and the RBC count. The CD 3200 WBC optical count was correlated with the TNC count obtained by the manual reference method for CSF specimens across the range of 0 x 10(9 )/L to 7.863 x 10(9)/L (r2 = 0.9867) and for body fluid specimens across the range of 0 x 10(9)/L to 14.0 x 10(9)/L (r2 = 0.9955). An r2 value of 0.9016 was obtained for the 82 CSF specimens with manual TNC counts of <0.200 x 10(9)/L. Analysis of the CSF and body fluid specimens indicated that automated RBC counts could be reported at > or = 0.003 x 10(12)/L. In this study, 7 CSF and 30 body fluid specimens had RBC counts of >0.003 x 10(12)/L, and there was good agreement with manual RBC counts, with r2 values of 0.9893 and 0.9960 obtained for CSF and other body fluids, respectively. The CD 3200 in our experience has a lower reportable range than the ranges of most automated cell counters reported in the literature. In contrast to the only other instrument with comparable reportable ranges, the CD 3200 requires a smaller sample volume without any special sample preparation, reagents, or software. By using the CD 3200 with our laboratory-specific rules for agreement between duplicate counts, we would be able to reduce our manual CSF specimen counts from 192 TNC and 192 RBC counts to 2 TNC and 178 RBC counts. For body fluid specimens, our manual counts would be reduced from 130 TNC and 130 RBC counts to 10 TNC and 4 RBC counts.

Blood Cell Count↗