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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Comparative study with 2 new and 8 known nutrient media for cultivation of fastidious and nonfastidious microbial agents from cerebrospinal fluid and other body fluids].

Rapid physical, biochemical and immunological methods may be useful in the detection of microbial agents in cerebrospinal fluid and in other body fluids. However, these methods are no substitution for the cultivation of the microbial agents. Microorganisms which are most frequently responsible for meningitis are fastidious in their growth requirements. Their detection with the help of conventional blood culture media which are not supplemented with blood or its components, leads to a high quota of false-negative results. Taking this problem into consideration, the authors developed the following two new media: "MOPS Electrolyte Broth A" for culturing obligate aerobic and facultative anerobic microorganisms, and "MOPS Electrolyte Broth AN" for culturing facultative anaerobic and obligate anaerobic bacteria. Performance tests have been carried out with the two above mentioned media and eight commercially manufactured blood culture media in original bottles. Twenty representative test strains including the most important and fastidious microbial agents of meningitis have been considered in this study. The inoculum size was about 10(2) CFU per culture bottle. The two new media, which were not supplemented with blood or body fluids, proved to be more effective than the conventional blood culture media supplemented with 10% fresh human blood for culturing the considered spectrum of microorganisms.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1998

Myelin basic protein in cerebrospinal fluid and other body fluids.

Myelin basic protein (MBP) or a fragment thereof may enter cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and other body fluids in an etiologically nonspecific fashion to provide information about the status of central nervous system (CNS) myelin damage. MBP immunochemically detected is referred to as MBP-like material (MBPLM). The clinical utility of the assay for MBPLM in CSF is to document the presence, continuation, or resolution of CNS myelin injury. The analysis of CSF for MBPLM is subject to many variables, among which are the antisera and the form of the assay utilized. The dominant epitope of CSF MBPLM is in the decapeptide of 80-89 from the intact MBP molecule of 170 residues. Normally, CSF has no detected MBPLM. Following an acute relapse of MS, MBPLM rises quickly in the range of ng/ml and rapidly declines and disappears. The presence of MBPLM in CSF in chronic and progressive phases of the disease is unusual, but it may sometimes be detected in low levels, depending on the assay used for detection. The level of CSF MBPLM is related to both the mass of CNS myelin damage and how recently it occurred. The level of CSF MBPLM rarely is elevated in optic neuritis. The level of CSF MBPLM is unrelated to CSF protein level, level of IgG, presence of oligoclonal bands or pleocytosis. CSF MBPLM has the potential of serving as a marker of therapeutic effectiveness in MS and does have predictive value for response to glucocorticoids given for worsening of disease. The detection of MBPLM in body fluids other than CSF would be of great value because of the resulting improved feasibility for objectively monitoring the natural history of MS and response to therapy. Studies on blood have yet to produce a valid assay of MBPLM. Urinary MBPLM, though different in its features from that in CSF, may provide a correlate, not with acute demyelination in MS as is the case for CSF, but with progression of disease.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[A compartment analysis of the significance of extracellular fluid volume for body fluid dynamics].

The curve of a reduction in plasma concentration of the indicator substance creatinine for a period of 120 to 240 min was investigated after single intravenous administration of creatinine in a dose of 150 mg/kg on dogs. A model for two compartment distribution of the indicator substance was used as the first compartment was intravasal, but the second--interstitial space of body fluids. The following parameters were estimated: renal clearance, volume of distribution, glomerular filtration, intercompartment clearance and velocity constants of transport between the two compartments. An increase of the volume of extracellular fluid (ECF) was induced by intravenous infusion of 2% of sodium chloride solution in the amount of 30 ml/kg. A reduction in the volume of ECF was caused by peritoneal dialysis with isotonic solution of glucose in the amount of 5% of the body mass. After an increase of the volume of ECF there was an increase in the volume of distribution, elevation of glomerular filtration and a reduction in the velocity constant of transport from the intravasal to interstitial fluid. There was a reduction in the volume of distribution, limitation of glomerular filtration and increment of velocity constant of the transport. The established changes in the velocity constants of the transport showed changes in the dynamics of body fluids, which could be due to vasoconstriction or vasodilation as a mechanism of myogenic autoregulation during changes in the volume of ECF.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A sensitive, fast, durable, highly selective method for the determination of amino acids and biogenic amines in the cerebrospinal fluid and other body fluids and tissues.

A sensitive, fast, durable HPLC method with high resolution for the determination of amino acids and some biogenic amines is described. It allows the simultaneous determination of more than 40 substances in the cerebrospinal fluid or other body fluids or tissues. The method allows to measure both, the free and the conjugated amino acids. It detects 5 X 10(-13) g of most amino acids and measures the relevant substances in their physiological concentrations with less than 0.1 ml cerebrospinal fluid. The precision is 1-2%.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

Selenium and glutathione peroxidase in human saliva and other human body fluids.

Human body fluids such as mixed saliva, erythrocyte, plasma and mature breast milk were analysed for selenium (Se) and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), which is the only active form of Se known in man. Selenium-dependent GSH-Px activity was detected for the first time in human mixed saliva. Body fluid GSH-Px, Se and protein contents expressed in terms of volume increased in the order, saliva less than milk less than plasma less than erythrocyte. However, the sequence of increase for GSH-Px (U/mg protein) and GSH-Px-bound Se (%) was plasma less than milk less than erythrocyte less than saliva, and that for Se (ng/mg protein) was erythrocyte less than saliva less than plasma less than milk. Significant positive correlations were found between GSH-Px and Se contents and between protein and Se contents expressed per volume for human saliva, erythrocyte and the whole human fluids investigated. Positive correlations between erythrocyte and plasma Se (ng/mg protein) and between plasma and saliva GSH-Px-bound Se (%) were also significant.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed2003

Formation and growth of clusters in conventional and new kinds of simulated body fluids.

Simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentrations approximately equal to those of human blood plasma has been widely used for the in vitro assessment of the bioactivity of artificial materials and for the formation of bonelike apatite on various substrates. Ion concentrations of conventional SBF (c-SBF) are, however, not exactly equal to those of blood plasma, and hence the apatite formed in c-SBF is not the same as bone apatite in its composition and structure. Recently, the present authors prepared new kinds of SBFs (r-SBF, i-SBF, and m-SBF) with ion concentrations nearer to those of blood plasma. The r-SBF and i-SBF have ion concentrations equal to those of blood plasma in total and dissociated amounts, respectively. The m-SBF has ion concentrations equal to those of blood plasma in total amount except for the HCO(-) (3) concentration, which was set to the saturated level with respect to calcite. In the present study, the stabilities of c-SBF, r-SBF, i-SBF and m-SBF were examined in terms of cluster formation in the fluids by means of dynamic light scattering photometry. The c-SBF and m-SBF were found to form only calcium phosphate clusters, whose initial hydrodynamic diameter was approximately 1 nm, and this did not change with storage time at 36.5 degrees C. Besides the calcium phosphate clusters, r-SBF and i-SBF formed calcium carbonate clusters, whose initial hydrodynamic diameters were 10-30 nm, and these increased significantly with storage time. The formation and growth of calcium carbonate clusters in r-SBF and i-SBF can be attributed to their supersaturation with respect to calcite. These indicate that r-SBF and i-SBF lack long-term stability. The m-SBF is recommended for the assessment of bioactivity of artificial materials as well as the formation of bonelike apatite on various substrates from the viewpoint of stability as well as similarity to blood plasma.

Apatites↗
PubMed1983

Prediction of postdialysis serum sodium concentration and transcellular fluid shift without measuring body fluid volumes.

The postdialysis levels of serum sodium concentration, urea concentration, and osmolality, as well as the magnitude of both transcellular fluid shifts and sodium removal, were predicted based on computer modeling without measuring body fluid volumes. A 4-h hemodialysis was performed in five patients at a constant ultrafiltration rate of 0.5 L/h using dialysate with normal (141 mEq/L) or high (150 mEq/L) Na+ concentration. The serum sodium concentration, urea concentration, and osmolality, as well as intracellular and extracellular fluid volumes, were determined before and after hemodialysis. The model predictions without measurement of body fluid volumes were in excellent agreement with measured values, suggesting clinical validity. The model may be useful in clinical practice to control the postdialysis levels of sodium and water content by computerized hemodialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Evaluation by bioelectric impedance of body fluid compartments and body mass in cardiosurgical patients before and after total cardiopulmonary bypass].

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the influence of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) on fluid compartments and body mass using impedance measurements. METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 20 consecutive patients undergoing ECC during heart surgery at the Department of Heart Surgery of Verona Hospital. Resistance or reactance measurements at 1-5-10-50-100 KHz were performed in 20 patients undergoing heart surgery for valvular or coronary pathologies in class NYHA I or II, preoperatively and on day 1, 3 and 6 in order to evaluate total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW), thin and fat body mass. Weight, fluid-electrolytic balance and hematochemical parameters relating to electrochemical phenomena and the distribution of volumes in the various compartments, namely sodium, potassium and plasmatic osmolarity, were measured at the same times. Comparisons were made both between the data and during ECC. RESULTS: It was found that there was a mean postoperative weight gain of 2 kg in terms of total body water. Subsequently, this finding tended to decrease to basal values by day 6. Immediately after ECC, the water gain appeared to be predominantly extracellular, whereas the intracellular increase peaked on day 1. The change in total body water was correlated with the weight and fluid balance, but electrical measurements showed values above the corresponding weight gain. The duration of ECC was significantly correlated with bioelectric parameters, but not with absolute weight values. CONCLUSIONS: The method proved useful for the purpose, especially with regard to the overall population examined rather than individual patients. The dual-compartment electric model appears to be more suitable than the single-compartment model for exploring the different compartments. The trend of weight and total body water, which were correlated in pattern but not in absolute values, may be interpreted as a redistribution of fluids, also suggested by changes in electric parameters relating to compartmental distribution.

Aged↗