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Utilizing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to enhance vascular graft endothelialization from circulating blood cells.

Cells in the blood circulating through a vascular graft can contribute to endothelialization of its flow surface. We hypothesized that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) could enhance this process by increasing circulating bone marrow progenitor cells. Ten dogs received composite grafts that were shielded from any source of endothelialization other than the circulating blood. On the seventh postoperative day and for 7 days thereafter, five dogs were injected subcutaneously with 10 mg/kg/day of human G-CSF. The additional five dogs, used as controls, received no G-CSF. Grafts were retrieved at 4 weeks. All dogs recovered promptly postoperatively. White cell counts in G-CSF dogs increased by an average of 9.5-fold at the end of treatment, and had returned to normal before retrieval. All grafts remained patent. G-CSF grafts had significantly higher endothelialization than the controls (82.2 +/- 9.2% vs. 23.7 +/- 4.4%, p = 0.0004), with extensive flow surface neointima, covered with a single layer of endothelium verified by FVIII/vWF and CD34 staining. Control grafts had virtually no neointima and were covered with a thin layer of fibrin coagulum. Significantly more endothelial-lined microvessels were also found in the G-CSF grafts than in the controls. Dogs treated with G-CSF have increased endothelialization of synthetic vascular grafts due to increased circulating bone marrow progenitor cells.

Animals↗

[Blood circulation in healthy persons in the arid region of Turkmenia. I. Studies in the supine and orthostatic positions].

The active orthostatic test was used to investigate 164 normal male residents of Ashkhabad during the cool season, 143 in summer and 66 during the transition period, i. e. first hot summer days. During the cool season, the pattern and markedness of orthostatic circulatory shifts in Ashkhabad residents were similar to those observed in moderate climate. In summer, orthostatic drop in systolic BP, cardiac index and circulating blood volume is more pronounced as compared to values of the cool season, while the rise in heart rate and diastolic BP is less pronounced. Orthostatic shifts are the most marked in the first hot days of summer: systolic BP, stroke and cardiac indices drop considerably, whereas diastolic BP and peripheral resistance to blood flow remain unchanged or slightly increase, with heart rate showing the most marked rise.

Adult↗

A survey of research on the treatment of asthma by invigorating blood circulation to remove blood stasis.

It has been demonstrated by a lot of clinical practice and experimental research that blood stasis is present in cases of asthma. In regard to the manifestations of asthma with blood stasis, medical doctors in our country carried out many investigations. The symptoms and signs of the disease are recognized consistently. Furthermore, they used blood rheological changes as laboratory indices to reach a more objective diagnosis. In the therapeutic aspect of asthma with blood stasis, either ancient recipes or those formulated by individual doctors have significant therapeutic effects. These are the important progress in the treatment and recognition of the pathogenic mechanisms of asthma. However, in regard to the diagnosis of asthma with blood stasis, at present there are no unified criteria. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate relatively unified diagnostic criteria and the criteria for therapeutic effect evaluation. Doubtlessly, this is of great significance in further research of the disease. In addition, it is also necessary to carry out extensive experimental research concerning the mechanisms of the recipes with the actions of improving blood circulation and removing blood stasis, especially the ancient recipes or those prescribed by individual doctors, which are scarcely based on systematic animal experimental research. These need to be further studied.

Asthma↗

Herbs of activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis.

Drugs with the efficacy of modifying rheological properties of blood, blood vessels and their interactions are denoted by "hemorheologicals". Drugs of anti-hyperviscosemia, anti-coagulants, anti-platelet drugs, anti-thrombotics, vasodilators, endothelial cell protectors and anti-arthrosclerosis should be considered as hemorheologicals due to the actions in keeping blood fluidity and in maintaining normal vascular functions. The studies in hemorheology indicate that a tendency of hyperviscosity, hypercoagulation and being prone to thrombosis is prevalent in the elderly. Hemorheologicals are importance for and aging and life-threatening diseases. Blood stasis syndrome is a common pathological syndrome in the elderly. In traditional Chinese medicine, the treatment for the syndrome is by herbs which activates blood circulation to remove blood stasis. The herbs have the efficacy of improving hemorheological events. Therefore, the herbs are the source for developing hemorheologicals. Ligustrazine isolated from Chuangxiong is an example. It showed significant inhibition on shear induced platelet aggregation and on platelet intracellular calcium demonstrated by laser confocal microscope.

Aged↗

Clinical observation in 45 cases of hemorrhagic apoplexy of the acute stage treated by promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.

To explore the therapeutic effects of the method of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis on hemorrhagic apoplexy of acute stage, 45 cases were treated by the method and observed for their conscious state and motor function, which were compared with 40 cases treated with regular western drugs. The results showed that the effective rate in the treated group was 82.2% and that in control group 60% with a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the two groups. In the treated group, the scores of the conscious state and the motor function after treatment were elevated dramatically (P < 0.01), indicating a much better effect in the treated group than in the control group.

Aged↗

[Clinical observation on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of acute aggravating stage treated with activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis recipe].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficiency of activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis recipe (ARR) in treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of acute aggravating stage. METHODS: Adopting the prospective randomized controlled method, sixty patients with COPD of acute aggravating stage were divided into two groups. Patients in the treated group (n = 32) was subdivided into four subtypes, Phlegm-Heat accumulation in Fei type, Phlegm-Dampness accumulation in Fei type, Fei-Shen Yin deficiency type and Fei-Pi Qi deficiency type. They were treated with ARR with modification according to their Syndrome type. Patients in the control group (n = 28) were treated with conventional western medicine. The therapeutic course of the two groups was 2 weeks. Changes of indexes including hemorrheological indexes (blood viscosity) and pulmonary function (FEV1, FEV1/FVE%) were observed before and after treatment. RESULTS: The total effective rate was 90.6% in the treated group, while it was 67.9% in the control group. The symptom score and pulmonary function in the two groups were significantly different after treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). In addition, the effect of ameliorating whole blood viscosity in the treated group was better than that in the control group, showing significant difference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both therapies can improve clinical symptom in patients, but it was showed the effect in those treated with conventional western medicine plus ARR was better than in those treated with conventional western medicine alone.

Aged↗

[Effect of TCM formula for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis on brainstem auditory evoked potential and Transcranial Doppler parameters in patients with sudden deafness].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XZD) on patients with sudden deafness (SD). METHODS: Sixty patients with SD were treated with XZD, and the changes of brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) parameters in them were detected before and after treatment and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: I, III and V waveform and peak latency (PL) of BAEP, velocity of vertebral basilar arterial blood flow and parameters of cerebral blood flow in SD patients were all improved to different levels after treatment with XZD. CONCLUSION: TCM formula for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis can improve BAEP and TCD parameters in SD patients; BAEP detection and TCD parameters can reflect nerve function and blood-supply state of internal ear and brain stem, and therefore are of great importance in guiding the clinical treatment and assessing the prognosis.

Adult↗

[A study of relation between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and blood stasis--the effect of acupuncture promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis].

In this article, the clinical 31 cases patients with Rheumatoid artritis (RA) were observed and animal experiments were carried out on RA model rats and the treatment of acupuncture with combination of the different points was adopted. It was found that most of the 31 cases of RA patients had the signs of bloods stasis and abnormal hemorheology, statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differents between RA patients and healthy person. Red and swelling in joints of four limbs, ear and tail, clubbed toes, abnormal hemorheology, high in blood platelet aggregation and so on were found in model rats of RA, statistically, sinificant differents also exist between model rats of RA and healthy rats. The above indesexes in patients and model rats of RA were significantly improved after acupuncture treatment, which suggested that (1) there be a close relation between RA and blood stasis. (2) acupuncture play a role of promoting blood circulation to remove blood statis. (3) examination of hemorheology may be one of standards that development of RA and curative effect.

Acupuncture Therapy↗

[Study on function of decoction for invigorating the kidney and improving blood circulation on rabbits blood stasis model].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of decoction for invigorating the kidney and improving blood circulation to thrombosis on rabbits blood stasis model. METHOD: Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into normal group, model group, heavy dose group, slight dose group and xue shuan ning group. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), fibrinogen (Fbg) and D-dimer (DD) were investigated after those rabbits had been treated. One was selected randomly from each group to observe pathological changes. RESULT: There was significant difference in t-PA, PAI, Fbg and DD between normal group and other groups (P < 0.01). Among groups of heavy dose, slight dose, xue shuan ning and model, the statistical differences were significant, as well as among groups of heavy dose, slight dose and xue shuan ning (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistical difference between heavy dose group and slight dose group (P > 0.05). The pathological changes in model group were most serious, and those in xue shuan ning were less serious. There were slight pathological change in heavy dose group and light dose group. CONCLUSION: Models were made successfully. Heavy dose group and slight dose group have stronger effect on thrombosis than xue shuan ning group.

Animals↗