Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “BLADDER”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Bladder augmentation in three patients with contracted bladder caused by neurogenic bladder].

Three patients with contracted bladder caused by neurogenic bladder underwent ileocystoplasty. The primary diagnosis was meningomyelocele for all of them. The operative procedure adopted was Goodwin's Cup-patch method. All cases have obtained increased bladder capacity with improvement of bladder compliance and have been free from urinary incontinence. They were followed up by using clean intermittent self catheterization. Ileocystoplasty combined with clean intermittent self catheterization offers a successful method in patients with contracted bladder caused by neurogenic bladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The systematic histologic elaboration of urinary bladders with different pathologic findings (urinary bladder carcinoma, tumor-free aging urinary bladders)].

We report our systematic histological examinations of 16 urinary bladders (11 bladders with cancer, 5 bladders was tumour-free). All residual tumour-free portions in bladder with multiple or solitary cancers demonstrated various precancerous variations of urothelium, not only near the tumours. In 1 urinary bladder among 5 from elder patients, we diagnosed a clinically undetected cancer. In a few cases, we correlated histological examinations with graphical demonstration (through a computer) of the exophytic tumour portions. Our results agree with individual therapy of urinary bladder cancer.

Aging↗
PubMed2004

Radiotherapy for muscle-invasive carcinoma of the bladder: results of a randomized trial comparing conventional whole bladder with dose-escalated partial bladder radiotherapy.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether delivering an increased radiation dose to the tumor-bearing region of the bladder alone would improve local disease control without increasing treatment toxicity. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 149 patients with unifocal T2-T3N0M0 bladder carcinoma were randomized between whole bladder conformal radiotherapy (WBRT, 52.5 Gy in 20 fractions, n = 60) and partial bladder conformal RT (PBRT) to tumor alone with 1.5-cm margins within either 4 weeks (PBRT4, 57.5 Gy in 20 fractions, n = 44) or 3 weeks (PBRT3, 55 Gy in 16 fractions, n = 45). The response was assessed cystoscopically after 4 months. RESULTS: The 5-year overall and CFS rate was 58% and 47%, respectively, for the whole population. The CR rate was 75% for WBRT, 80% for PBRT4, and 71% for PBRT3 (p = 0.6), with a 5-year local control rate of 58%, 59%, and 34%, respectively (p = 0.18). Solitary new tumors arose within the bladder, outside the irradiated volume, in 6 (7%) of 89 patients who underwent PBRT. The 5-year overall survival and cystectomy-free survival rate was 61% and 49% for WBRT, 60% and 50% for PBRT4, and 51% and 41% for PBRT3 (p = 0.81 and p = 0.59). The treatment toxicity was mild and equivalent across the three trial arms. CONCLUSION: The reduction in treatment volume allowed delivery of an increased radiation dose without a reduction in local tumor control or the development of excess toxicity. However, this dose-escalated partial bladder approach did not result in significantly improved overall survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Ablative and prophylactic effects of BCG Tokyo 172 strain for intravesical treatment in patients with superficial bladder cancer and carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Bladder cancer BCG Study Group].

We investigated the effects of intravesical instillation of BCG Tokyo 172 strain on patients with superficial bladder cancer and CIS of the bladder for tumor ablation and prophylaxis. This is the first controlled multicenter study for governmental approval of BCG Tokyo 172 strain for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer and CIS of the bladder. One hundred-fifty-seven patients (125 with Ta or T1, and 32 with CIS) were treated by 80 mg of BCG diluted in 40 ml of saline, once a week for 8 weeks. The dose and interval adopted in this multicenter study was determined by the previous Phase II study conducted by the same Study Group. Out of 125 superficial tumor Ta, T1, 83 (66.4%) showed complete disappearance of the tumor (CR) and 26 (20.8%) partial disappearance (PR), and out of 32 CIS, 27 (84.4%) showed CR and 2 (6.3%) PR. Among those patients showing CR, and PR who were treated with additional TUR-Bt, 98 patients were randomised for a controlled study of prophylactic BCG instillation. Prophylactic treatment consisted of 40 mg of BCG diluted in 40 ml of saline, monthly for 12 months. Forty-two patients were assigned to the treatment group, whereas the remaining 56 to the control group without any prophylactic instillation. Three cases showed tumor recurrence during the prophylactic phase. Twenty-five cases could not be treated for the whole course of prophylactic instillation mainly due to bladder irritable symptoms. Recurrent free curves were compared till 1050 days after the initiation of the study. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1983

Orthotopic implantation of primary N-[4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide-induced bladder cancer in bladder submucosa: an animal model for bladder cancer study.

Primary bladder tumors induced in Fischer 344 inbred rats by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide were transplanted in syngeneic rats by the intravesical, s.c., i.v., and orthotopic routes. Attempts were made to establish bladder cancer cell lines in vitro. No success was achieved in transplantation by either the s.c., i.v., or intravesical routes when primary tumor cells were transplanted as cell suspensions. Cell suspensions of primary tumors also failed to grow in culture. However, orthotopic implantation into the bladder submucosa gave 45% success. Tumor fragments obtained from either the primary tumor or its lung metastases resulted in 10.6 and 36% tumor takes, respectively, when implanted s.c. However, after one orthotopic passage in the bladder submucosa, the tumor cells injected as cell suspension grew s.c. in 14% and orthotopically in 79% of the animals. Tumor fragments obtained from orthotopic tumors and implanted s.c. resulted in 15% tumor takes. After the second orthotopic passage, tumor cells could be grown in cultures and orthotopically in 100% of animals. The technique of orthotopic implantation as well as the usefulness of this tumor model for bladder cancer studies are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Concanavalin A agglutination of bladder cells of rats treated with bladder carcinogens; a rapid new test to detect bladder carcinogens.

N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN), which is a potent, specific bladder carcinogen in rats, and its related compounds were orally administered to rats for 1 week. The bladder cells were isolated by the treatment with EDTA and sonication and they were subjected to agglutination assay by concanavalin A (Con A). Bladder cells obtained from rats treated with BBN, N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine (BCPN), N-ethyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (EHBN) and N-butyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)nitrosamine (BHEN) were agglutination-positive, while those cells treated with N-tert-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (t-BBH) and N-butyl-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (BHPN) were negative. Results obtained by this method were highly correlated with the known carcinogenicity of BBN and its analogues. Therefore, this method could be used for rapid screening of bladder carcinogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Bladder calculi and urothelial hyperplasia with papillomatosis in the rat following insertion of chalk powder in the bladder cavity with subsequent trauma of the bladder wall.

A suspension of chalk powder was injected into the cavity of the urinary bladder of Fischer 344 rats. Three weeks later rats were divided into 4 major groups and were given a submucosal injection. One group received a suspension of viable Chapman 4909 tumor cells, the 2nd group received a suspension of frozen-killed 4909 tumor cells, the 3rd group received a suspension of normal rat spleen cells, and the 4th group received cell-free fresh tissue culture medium. After 3 additional weeks urolithiasis was recognized in each experimental group. The incidence of calculi in the groups as listed above was 14 of 17, 6 of 11, 6 of 11, and 2 of 15, respectively. In control studies inocula consisted of tumor alone, i.e., without chalk powder. Inoculation of the 4909 rat bladder cancer cell line into the lumen of urinary bladders of rats did not result in any calculi after 3 weeks but did produce intramural tumor nodules and hyperplastic changes in adjacent host urothelium in 2 of 10 rats. The tumor inoculated in the submucosa of the bladder produced calculi and papillomas in 2 of 7 rats, and it produced intramural tumor nodules with adjacent hyperplasia of urothelium in all 7 rats.

Calcium Carbonate↗
PubMed1984

[Thermotherapy for cancer of the urinary bladder in combination with tegafur and picibanil--with special reference to the serum bladder and bladder cancer tissue concentrations of tegafur in a perfusion fluid].

Thermotherapy combined with Tegafur and Picibanil was performed in 32 patients with cancer of the urinary bladder. The thermotherapy was performed with a closed circulation type of thermotherapeutic apparatus manufactured for trial, using a 3-way catheter. The flow quantity of the perfusate was 150 ml/min at a constant temperature of 43 degrees C. The temperature was monitored at the inlet and outlet catheter at the urethral meatus. The thermotherapy was performed for 6 hours once a week. Tegafur and Picibanil were added to the perfusate at the time of thermotherapy. No anesthesia was used. Complete disappearance of tumor occurred in 9 cases. The concentration of Tegafur in the serum, tumor and bladder wall was simultaneously measured. The serum levels after two hours of thermotherapy with 16 gm of dissolved Tegafur showed that FT-207 was 28.837 mcg/ml and 5-FU, 0.028 mcg/ml. After 4 hours the FT-207 was 36.464 mcg/ml and 5-FU, 0.040 mcg/ml. By the 6th hour FT-207 was 39.430 mcg/ml and 5-FU, 0.049 mcg/ml. After 24 hours FT-207 was 11.242 mcg/ml and 5-FU, 0.013 mcg/ml in the serum, while FT-207 was 8.205 mcg/g and 5-FU, 0.274 mcg/g in the bladder tumor, and FT-207 was 17.029 mcg/g and 5-FU, 0.157 mcg/g in the bladder wall. Nausea was observed in 1 case in which a large quantity of Tegafur was absorbed. No other side effects were noted.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Histological study of urinary bladder tumor: DNA of rat urinary bladder tumor caused by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine and that of human bladder tumor].

Male Fisher rats were treated with 0.5% BBN, and the appearance of cancer in the rat's bladder was observed successively. The quantities of DNA in the normal and tumorous tissues were compared with those in the bladder cancer excised from man; and, the bladder cancer produced in the rat and that occurring in man were compared. 96 rats were divided into 4 groups, and given 8, 16, 24 or 32 weeks of treatment with BBN. Papillomas appeared after administration for 8 weeks, and with subsequent increase in the period of administration the rate of canceration increased. The cancerous tissue proliferated papillarily , the malignancy was grade 1 to 2, no case showed infiltration into the muscle layer, and the quantity of DNA scarcely changed with time, always showing a peak near 2c. In the papillary type of bladder cancer in man, the quantity of DNA showed little change at any stage, and little tendency of infiltration; and, the growth pattern was similar to that of the BBN-induced cancer in rats. On the other hand, non-papillary cancer in man showed a flat histogram of DNA, had a strong tendency of infiltration, and showed a growth pattern different from that of the BBN-induced cancer in rats, thus the BBN-induced cancer in the rat cannot be used as a model of non-papillary infiltrative cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Problems in the radiological interpretation of the X-ray appearance of the bladder wall and bladder neck obtained on micturating cysto-urethrography in patients with neurogenic bladders [proceedings].

The technique in performing micturating cysto-urethrography is described. Technical difficulties in obtaining micturating films and positioning of paraplegic patients are discussed. A previous author has stated that radiological assessment of the bladder neck is of no value. Analysis of intravenous pyelograms (IVP) and micturating cysto-urethrogram (MCUG) on 71 paraplegic patients confirms that there is no correlation between the diameter of the bladder neck and the presence of pathological renal changes or vesico-ureteric reflux. Difficulties in the radiological assessment of bladder capacity and contour due to marked differences in appearance on MCUG and IVP are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

The use of the bladder-tumour associated analyte test to determine the type of cystoscopy in the follow-up of patients with bladder cancer. The United Kingdom and Eire Bladder Tumour Antigen Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of the bladder-tumour associated analyte test (BTA, Bard UK) to determine whether patients with bladder cancer scheduled for cystoscopy under general anaesthesia can have local anaesthesia instead. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 272 patients who were scheduled for general anaesthesia cystoscopy were entered into a prospective multicentre study. The BTA test was performed on a specimen of freshly voided urine and the type of cystoscopy was determined according to whether the result was positive or negative. Patients with a negative BTA result were examined with the flexible instrument, under local anaesthesia, instead of the planned general anaesthetic cystoscopy. RESULTS: In 59 patients, the BTA test was positive and tumour was found (true positive), in 145 patients the test was negative and cystoscopy was negative (true negative), in 25 patients the test was positive and cystoscopy was negative (false positive) and in 43 patients, the test was negative but tumour was found on flexible cystoscopy; the patient underwent subsequent cystoscopy under general anaesthesia (false negative). The sensitivity and specificity were 58% and 86% respectively. The use of the BTA test resulted in fewer patients needing cystoscopy under general anaesthesia and saved about 25,500 POUNDS ($31,000) OR 76 POUNDS ($114) PER PATIENT. CONCLUSION: THE integration of the BTA test into the follow-up of patients with bladder cancer may help to select those suitable for cystoscopy, under a local anaesthetic and this will result in cost savings as well as sparing patients the more invasive procedure. The test is not sufficiently sensitive to replace cystoscopy and there were false-negative results despite high-grade recurrence. Thus, when the test is used as part of a follow-up programme, a timely back-up of cystoscopy under general anaesthesia should be arranged for patients with false-negative results.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed2005

Test-retest reliability of four questionnaires for patients with overactive bladder: the overactive bladder questionnaire (OAB-q), patient perception of bladder condition (PPBC), urgency questionnaire (UQ), and the primary OAB symptom questionnaire (POSQ).

AIMS: This study examined test-retest reliability of four patient-reported outcome measures for patients with overactive bladder (OAB): Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-q), Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC), Urgency Questionnaire (UQ), and Primary OAB Symptom Questionnaire (POSQ). METHODS: Patients recruited from urology clinics were scheduled for two visits 2 weeks apart and completed all questionnaires at both visits. A demographic form was completed at Visit 1; and a treatment effect scale was completed at Visit 2. Test-retest reliability was examined among stable patients using intraclass correlations (ICC), Spearman's correlations, paired t-tests, Feldt's statistic, and kappas. RESULTS: A total of 47 patients enrolled (mean age = 66.0 years, 74.5% female), with 46 completing both visits; 35 were classified stable. Statistically significant correlations were present between Visits 1 and 2 (P < 0.05) for all subscales of the OAB-q, UQ, and POSQ. Subscale ICCs were moderate to high (OAB-q > or = 0.83, UQ > or = 0.46, POSQ continuous items > or = 0.68). No significant differences between Visit 1 and 2 were noted, except for the OAB-q symptom bother scale (change of 5.8 points on a 100-point scale). The multi-item subscales of the OAB-q and the UQ demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha > or = 0.83 for all subscales) across both visits. Test-retest reliability of the PPBC was somewhat weaker than the other three measures, but still acceptable for use as a global, single-item outcome measure. CONCLUSIONS: The OAB-q, POSQ, and UQ demonstrated good test-retest reliability, with ICCs roughly equivalent or superior to those previously reported for 7-day micturition diaries. Findings suggest that the four measures examined in this study demonstrate the necessary reproducibility for use as outcome measures for OAB treatments.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer: clinical evaluation of chemotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer and adjuvant chemotherapy for deeply invasive bladder cancer following radical cystectomy].

Sixteen patients with locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer were treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cis-DDP) alone or in combination with other drugs. Eight patients were given cis-DDP intravenously, 6 patients intraarterially and 2 by both methods. Seven patients (44%) showed a partial response, 2 showed a minor response and 4 remained unchanged. Of the 6 patients treated with arterial infusion, 3 achieved a partial response while only 2 of the 8 patients administered intravenously showed a partial response. Eight patients with deeply invasive bladder cancer were treated with cis-DDP alone or in combination with other drugs following radical cystectomy. Cis-DDP was administered every week for 3 courses and every month for 12 courses at a dose of 50 mg and cis-DDP, adriamycin and 5-FU (CAF) were administered at 3 weeks interval for 3 courses and every month for 12 courses. All patients in this group were alive with a median survival of 20 months. One patient had a recurrence 5 months postoperatively. Adjuvant chemotherapy with cis-DDP or their combination was effective. Toxicity was generally tolerable.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Bladder neck dysfunction: the effect of the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent phentolamine on bladder neck dysfunction and a fluorescent histochemical study of bladder neck smooth muscle.

Urodynamic examinations and fluorescent histochemical studies suggest that patients with bladder neck obstruction can be divided into two main groups (responders and nonresponders) based on the response of their urinary flow rate to phentolamine and that the adrenergic nervous system of the bladder neck has an important effect on the response in responders.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1995

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment of existing papillary bladder cancer and carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Four-year results. The Bladder Cancer BCG Study Group.

BACKGROUND: Intravesical instillation therapy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has become a standard treatment for carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urinary bladder. However, there have been few reports concerning the direct effect of BCG on existing tumors classified as Ta or T1. In the first stage of this clinical study, 157 patients were treated with BCG intravesical instillation (Tokyo 172 strain [BCG Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan]; 80 mg weekly for eight times) by our Study Group. The efficacy on existing tumors was a complete response (CR) rate of 84.4% and 66.4% and a partial response (PR) of 6.3% and 20.8% for 32 cases of CIS and 125 cases of Ta or T1 tumors, respectively. METHODS: In the second stage of this study, the authors investigated the outcome of the 138 patients who had achieved CR or PR in the first stage. One hundred twenty (87.0%) of the patients were followed fully. Of those patients, 52 were randomized to receive prophylactic (maintenance) therapy consisting of BCG of 40 mg monthly for 12 times (Group A), whereas 55 were randomized to an untreated control group (Group B). Thirteen other patients refused to be randomized and were followed without prophylactic instillation. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 48 months for Group A and 42 months for Group B. In Groups A and B, the beneficial effect of the BCG therapeutic instillation persisted for a long time, and the 3-year nonrecurrence rate was 77.6% in Group A and 74.2% in Group B. Disease progression was observed rarely. CONCLUSION: For patients in whom transurethral resection of tumors of the bladder (TUR-Bt) alone is unlikely to eliminate the tumor, intravesical BCG is potentially the treatment of choice.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1985

Experimental use of free grafts of bladder mucosa in canine bladders. Successful closure of recurrent vesicovaginal fistula utilizing bladder mucosa.

Three to 4 cm-diameter, circular-shaped full thickness sections of the anterior wall of canine bladders were resected. Free grafts of bladder mucosa were lifted from the muscular wall and sewn back as a patch onto the original defect. Fusion of the graft and normal urothelium occurred, and at eight weeks a dense fibrotic external layer and normal urothelium was observed. No diverticuli occurred. A successful closure of recurrent multiple vesicovaginal fistulas in a woman using mucosa alone is reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Significance of bladder biopsies in Ta,T1 bladder tumors: a report from the EORTC Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group. EORTC-GU Group Superficial Bladder Committee.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated to what extent biopsies of normal-appearing urothelium taken from patients with Ta,T1 bladder cancer showed malignant disease: carcinoma in situ, or papillary tumor. We also investigated biopsies underlying the papillary tumor, adjacent to the tumor, and from suspicious-appearing mucosa. METHODS: In EORTC protocol 30863 (low-risk tumors), 393 patients underwent a biopsy of normal-appearing urothelium. In protocol 30911 (intermediate- and high-risk tumors), multiple biopsies were taken from normal- appearing urothelium in 602 patients. RESULTS: No abnormalities were found in the random biopsies of 376 (95.6%) patients with low-risk tumors and in 532 (88.4%) patients with intermediate- and high-risk tumors. Six (1.5%) patients with low-risk tumors and at least 21 (3.5%) patients with higher-risk tumors showed carcinoma in situ in their random biopsies. None of the patients in the low-risk group and 1 (0.2%) patient in higher-risk group had an invasive tumor (T2). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis indicates that biopsies of normal-appearing urothelium in Ta,T1 bladder cancer patients show no abnormalities in about 90% of the patients. Performing such biopsies does not contribute to the staging or to the choice of adjuvant therapy after transurethral resection.

Biopsy↗