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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Partially purified Grammostola spatulata venom inhibits stretch activated calcium signaling in bladder myocytes and improves bladder compliance in an in vitro rat whole bladder model.

PURPOSE: Stretch activated nonselective cationic channels (SACs) are present in urinary bladder myocytes and thought to be activated during bladder filling. We investigated the relationship of stretch induced calcium signaling inhibition in bladder myocytes and bladder compliance modulation in an in vitro whole bladder model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Grammostola spatulata venom (SpiderPharm, Yarnell, Arizona) was purified by preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The resulting fractions were examined for their ability to inhibit the swelling activated intracellular free Ca2+ signal in cultured bladder myocytes. An in vitro rat whole bladder model was used to examine the effect of venom fractions on compliance, emptying and spontaneous contractions during bladder filling. RESULTS: The gadolinium ion, a SAC inhibitor, and venom fractions caused concentration dependent inhibition of the swelling activated intracellular free Ca2+ signal in bladder myocytes. When tested in a rat isolated whole bladder model, 0.1 and 0.2 mg./ml. partially purified venom produced a significant improvement in compliance (p <0.05), caused significant inhibition of the frequency of spontaneous bladder contractions (mean +/- SEM 35.8% +/- 3.7% and 62.3% +/- 4.4%, respectively, p </=0.001) and significantly reduced spontaneous bladder emptying, that is emptying in the absence of exogenous stimulation (38.8% +/- 5.6% and 43.9% +/- 2.5%, respectively, p </=0.0008). However, it produced little or no inhibition of carbachol induced bladder emptying. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the activation of stretch induced signaling in bladder myocytes may have an important role in myogenic regulation of bladder contractility during bladder filling. Inhibition of SACs may improve bladder compliance.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A comparative study of the sensitivity of bladder washing flow cytometry, voided urine cytology and bladder washing cytology in the detection of bladder carcinoma].

In order to evaluate flow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid measurement (FCM) of bladder washing in the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma, the sensitivity of voided urine cytology, bladder washing cytology and bladder washing FCM was tested in 76 samples from 56 patients with histologically proven bladder carcinomas. The positive rates were 43.2% and 75.7% in bladder washing cytology and bladder washing FCM, respectively. On the other hand, 36.5% and 57.1% positive rates for once- and three-times-voided urine cytology, respectively, were obtained. Bladder washing cytology and bladder washing FCM were positive in 20% and 70% patients with a histological diagnosis of atypia or dysplasia, respectively. The sensitivity of bladder washing FCM according to the tumor grade was 33.3%, 81.9% and 88.9% for grade-1 (G-1), G-2 and G-3 tumors, respectively. The sensitivity of bladder washing cytology according to the tumor grade was 0, 40.9% and 77.8% for G-1, G-2 and G-3 tumors, respectively. The sensitivity of three-times-voided urine cytology was 25.0%, 55.6% and 83.3% for G-1, G-2 and G-3 bladder tumors, respectively, and it was superior to that of single bladder washing cytology. These results indicate that FCM is more sensitive than voided urine cytology and/or bladder washing cytology in patients with bladder carcinoma. FCM may indicate urothelial neoplasia before it is apparent on urine cytology, especially against a background of inflammation. Therefore, FCM is valuable for case finding in suspect populations or for follow-up cases with diagnosed bladder cancer.

DNA, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1994

The sensitivity of pressure specific bladder volume versus total bladder capacity as a measure of bladder storage dysfunction.

Assessment of bladder storage function requires an accurate measure of bladder capacity and pressure. Pressure specific bladder volume is the volume that a bladder can accommodate at a specific pressure. A total of 21 consecutive children with neurogenic bladders who were candidates for bladder augmentation based on standard clinical criteria (upper urinary tract deterioration, incontinence and infection) was studied to determine the efficacy of pressure specific bladder volume as a measure of bladder dysfunction. Urodynamic indexes were compared to previously established nomograms. All 21 patients had bladder volumes at pressures of 30 cm. water or less, which decreased below the 5th percentile as determined by the nomogram. In 7 patients (33%) normal total bladder capacity was achieved at the expense of elevated storage pressures. Pressure specific bladder volume provides a better measure of bladder storage function than total bladder capacity because it relates volume to intravesical pressure, does not rely on a subjective end point to bladder filling, and is objective and reproducible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[The influence of combined surgery for bladder cancer and bladder-neck obstruction on the recurrence of bladder cancer].

A comparative retrospective study with follow-up survey was performed on 75 male bladder cancer patients, in order to investigate the relation between bladder carcinoma and bladder-neck obstruction, and effect of combined surgical treatment for both lesion on the recurrence of bladder cancer. All the bladder cancers were confirmed by cystoscopy and histopathological examination. The pathological findings included: 69 cases of transitional cell carcinoma, 5 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 1 case of adenocarcinoma. All patients were treated by partial cystectomy and followed-up by cystoscopy and urine exfoliative cytologic examination. Thirty patients (group I) who had bladder cancer and bladder-neck obstruction received simultaneous partial cystectomy and cystauchenotomy were compared to 21 patients (group II) who had both lesions but received partial cystectomy only, and to 24 patients (group III) who had bladder cancer only and underwent partial cystectomy. Evaluation of recurrence of bladder cancer in each group showed that recurrence occurred in 6 patients (20%) in group I, 10 patients (47.1%) in group II, and 4 patients (16.6%) in group III. The data showed that partial cystectomy combined with cystauchenotomy in patients with bladder cancer accompanied by bladder-neck obstruction significantly decreased the postoperative recurrence of tumor in comparison with the group treated by partial cystectomy alone. It is suggested that the presence of bladder-neck obstruction may exert some effects on the genesis and postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Primary bladder closure and bladder neck reconstruction in classical bladder exstrophy.

The surgical results of 28 consecutive initial bladder closures and 25 consecutive initial bladder neck reconstructions performed for classical bladder exstrophy at our hospital between 1975 and 1982 are presented. Partial bladder prolapse occurred in 2 cases and complete wound dehiscence never occurred following the initial primary bladder closure. Urinary continence following bladder neck reconstruction was assessed from parental interviews. An excellent surgical result was defined either as achievement of a daytime dry interval for more than 3 hours or less than 1 incontinent episode per day. According to these parameters, an excellent surgical result was achieved in 86 and 80 per cent of children, respectively. In 21 children evaluated with excretory urograms between 1/2 and 6 years after bladder neck reconstruction 10 per cent of the renal units showed significant hydronephrosis and deterioration of function. The 2 patients who had upper tract deterioration were not followed postoperatively at our institution and the diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction was delayed when excretory urograms were not obtained during the first postoperative year. This review of the surgical results following primary bladder closure and bladder neck reconstruction for classical bladder exstrophy demonstrates that secure abdominal wall closure and urinary continence can be achieved with minimal morbidity and with infrequent deterioration of renal function following staged functional bladder closure.

Bladder Exstrophy↗
PubMed2002

Connections of the bladder plate and bladder neck with the bony pelvis in a fetus with classic bladder exstrophy.

OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate that the bladder plate and bladder neck in classic bladder exstrophy are laying on smooth muscle fibers that extend laterally to the pubic bones. METHODS: We compared a male fetus of 28 weeks' gestational age with classic bladder exstrophy with a normal fetus of the same age. The specimens were divided into two parts by a midsagittal section, from the bladder neck to the membranous urethra. Thin transverse slices were also obtained on one part, and longitudinal slices on the other part. RESULTS: The smooth musculature of the bladder is normally differentiated cytologically and extends laterally to the bony structures of the pelvis. The musculature of the bladder neck and urethra are normally present compared with the control. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate the musculoskeletal organization of the urogenital system in classic bladder exstrophy. They also indicate that these structures should be clearly individualized and repaired in the reconstruction of classic bladder exstrophy.

Bladder Exstrophy↗
PubMed1992

[The "Mainz pouch" technique (bladder augmentation with ileum and cecum) for bladder augmentation, bladder substitution, and continent urinary diversion].

Back in 1983 we created a continent urinary reservoir, called the MAINZ pouch, using 10 to 15 cm. of cecum as well as two terminal ileal segments of equal length. Following detubularization, the posterior wall of the pouch is established by anastomosis of the ascending colon with the terminal ileal loop starting at the inferior aspect. The latter is then anastomosed with the next proximal ileal segment. The ureters are implanted in an antirefluxive manner in the open end technique through a submucosal tunnel of 4 to 5 cm length. For bladder augmentation the pouch is anastomosed to the bladder remnant. For bladder substitution a buttonhole incision at the most inferior aspect of the cecal pole is placed or the appendix is used for end-to-end anastomosis to the membranous urethra. For continent diversion an additional 7 to 12 cm of ileum are isolated in order to create an ileal intussuscepted valve. Alternatively the appendix can be used. Continence is achieved by submucosal embedding of the appendix into the cecal pole. A total of 346 patients underwent the MAINZ pouch procedure in Mainz and Wuppertal; 56 for bladder augmentation, 49 for bladder substitution and 241 for continent urinary diversion. We encountered early complications in 29 of the 346 patients (8.38%). Late complications were observed in 72 patients (20.8%). The major complications we encountered were stone formation inside the pouch in 19 patients and stomal stenosis in 21. 54 of the 56 patients with a bladder augmentation are completely continent (mean follow-up: 50 months, range: 10 to 83 months). All of the 49 patients who received a bladder substitution after radical cystectomy are continent during daytime. Three of these patients who do not empty their bladder at regular four hour intervals have leakage during the night (follow-up: 23 to 69 months). The revision rate due to nipple gliding and subsequent incontinence could be greatly reduced by the use of staples for fixation of the ileal nipple and the use of the appendix. For correction of the most frequently occurring complications standardized techniques have been developed.

Cecum↗
PubMed1987

The sensitivity of bladder wash flow cytometry, bladder wash cytology, and voided cytology in the detection of bladder carcinoma.

The sensitivity of voided urinary cytology (VUC), bladder wash cytology (BWC), and bladder wash flow cytometry (BWFCM) in detecting cancer was studied in 70 patients with biopsy-proven bladder tumors. There were 11 Grade I papillomas, 14 Grade II TA, 18 Grade II-III TIS, 19 Grade II-III T1, and eight Grade II-III T2 carcinomas. One to five VUCs per patient (mean, 2.63) were obtained within the 24 hours preceding biopsy. At endoscopy a bladder wash specimen was obtained and divided for cytologic and flow cytometric examinations. For all tumor categories combined, the sensitivity for one, two, and three voided cytology examinations per patient was 41%, 41%, and 60%, respectively. The sensitivity of a single BWC was 61%, of a single BWFCM, 83%. Thus, one BWFCM is more sensitive than three VUC (binomial test; P = 0.006); one BWC is more sensitive than two VUC (P = 0.01); and one BWFCM is more sensitive than one BWC (P = 0.003). These findings remain significant when papillomas are excluded from the analysis (P less than or equal to 0.03) and when papillomas and T2 tumors are jointly excluded (P less than or equal to 0.02). Only four of 70 patients (6%) had their cancers detected by VUC and/or BWC rather than BWFCM. In summary, irrigation cytology specimens are more sensitive than voided urinary cytology, and bladder wash flow cytometry is more sensitive than either in diagnosing bladder cancer. Flow cytometry is more sensitive because of the better sampling of bladder irrigation compared with voided urine and because of the measurement technique itself.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

[Bladder instillation of verapamil as a means of enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy in superficial bladder carcinoma: influence of bladder instillation of verapamil on the cardiovascular system].

Although it is well known that calcium antagonists in vitro possess enhancing effects on anti-tumor drugs, their clinical use is limited on account of side effects on the cardiovascular system. In the present study, the authors attempted the instillation of Verapamil (calcium antagonist) combined with anti-tumor drugs into the bladder for the treatment of superficial bladder carcinoma. The dosage of Verapamil necessary for maintaining an effective concentration for enhancement of the anti-tumor drug was determined and the influences of bladder instillation of Verapamil on the cardiovascular system and on the bladder were studied. The results obtained were as follows: the use of 5 mg of Verapamil was able to maintain an effective concentration (10(-5) M) for enhancement of anti-tumor drugs for at least 2 h. Absorption of Verapamil from the bladder to the vascular system was minimal. No influence on the cardiovascular system or on the bladder was observed. The results of the present study encourage us to pursue the clinical use of Verapamil combined with anti-tumor drugs for the treatment of superficial bladder carcinoma.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of bladder washings and urine cytology in the diagnosis of bladder cancer and its correlation with selected biopsies of the bladder mucosa.

We report a prospective study of 136 patients with biopsy proved bladder tumor who underwent 311 evaluations with cystoscopy, urinary cytology, bladder washing and, when indicated, bladder biopsies. Cytology results from bladder washings were superior to routine urinary cytology studies in detecting abnormal cells. Also, there was a significant increase in the number of positive cytology studies in bladder washings from patients with no evidence of tumor by cystoscopy but who had biopsy proved dysplasia. Multiple selective bladder biopsies showed a higher incidence of mucosal abnormalities if the primary tumor was of a higher grade.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1990

[Bladder augmentation in three patients with contracted bladder caused by neurogenic bladder].

Three patients with contracted bladder caused by neurogenic bladder underwent ileocystoplasty. The primary diagnosis was meningomyelocele for all of them. The operative procedure adopted was Goodwin's Cup-patch method. All cases have obtained increased bladder capacity with improvement of bladder compliance and have been free from urinary incontinence. They were followed up by using clean intermittent self catheterization. Ileocystoplasty combined with clean intermittent self catheterization offers a successful method in patients with contracted bladder caused by neurogenic bladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The systematic histologic elaboration of urinary bladders with different pathologic findings (urinary bladder carcinoma, tumor-free aging urinary bladders)].

We report our systematic histological examinations of 16 urinary bladders (11 bladders with cancer, 5 bladders was tumour-free). All residual tumour-free portions in bladder with multiple or solitary cancers demonstrated various precancerous variations of urothelium, not only near the tumours. In 1 urinary bladder among 5 from elder patients, we diagnosed a clinically undetected cancer. In a few cases, we correlated histological examinations with graphical demonstration (through a computer) of the exophytic tumour portions. Our results agree with individual therapy of urinary bladder cancer.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

[Ablative and prophylactic effects of BCG Tokyo 172 strain for intravesical treatment in patients with superficial bladder cancer and carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Bladder cancer BCG Study Group].

We investigated the effects of intravesical instillation of BCG Tokyo 172 strain on patients with superficial bladder cancer and CIS of the bladder for tumor ablation and prophylaxis. This is the first controlled multicenter study for governmental approval of BCG Tokyo 172 strain for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer and CIS of the bladder. One hundred-fifty-seven patients (125 with Ta or T1, and 32 with CIS) were treated by 80 mg of BCG diluted in 40 ml of saline, once a week for 8 weeks. The dose and interval adopted in this multicenter study was determined by the previous Phase II study conducted by the same Study Group. Out of 125 superficial tumor Ta, T1, 83 (66.4%) showed complete disappearance of the tumor (CR) and 26 (20.8%) partial disappearance (PR), and out of 32 CIS, 27 (84.4%) showed CR and 2 (6.3%) PR. Among those patients showing CR, and PR who were treated with additional TUR-Bt, 98 patients were randomised for a controlled study of prophylactic BCG instillation. Prophylactic treatment consisted of 40 mg of BCG diluted in 40 ml of saline, monthly for 12 months. Forty-two patients were assigned to the treatment group, whereas the remaining 56 to the control group without any prophylactic instillation. Three cases showed tumor recurrence during the prophylactic phase. Twenty-five cases could not be treated for the whole course of prophylactic instillation mainly due to bladder irritable symptoms. Recurrent free curves were compared till 1050 days after the initiation of the study. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1983

Orthotopic implantation of primary N-[4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide-induced bladder cancer in bladder submucosa: an animal model for bladder cancer study.

Primary bladder tumors induced in Fischer 344 inbred rats by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide were transplanted in syngeneic rats by the intravesical, s.c., i.v., and orthotopic routes. Attempts were made to establish bladder cancer cell lines in vitro. No success was achieved in transplantation by either the s.c., i.v., or intravesical routes when primary tumor cells were transplanted as cell suspensions. Cell suspensions of primary tumors also failed to grow in culture. However, orthotopic implantation into the bladder submucosa gave 45% success. Tumor fragments obtained from either the primary tumor or its lung metastases resulted in 10.6 and 36% tumor takes, respectively, when implanted s.c. However, after one orthotopic passage in the bladder submucosa, the tumor cells injected as cell suspension grew s.c. in 14% and orthotopically in 79% of the animals. Tumor fragments obtained from orthotopic tumors and implanted s.c. resulted in 15% tumor takes. After the second orthotopic passage, tumor cells could be grown in cultures and orthotopically in 100% of animals. The technique of orthotopic implantation as well as the usefulness of this tumor model for bladder cancer studies are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Concanavalin A agglutination of bladder cells of rats treated with bladder carcinogens; a rapid new test to detect bladder carcinogens.

N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN), which is a potent, specific bladder carcinogen in rats, and its related compounds were orally administered to rats for 1 week. The bladder cells were isolated by the treatment with EDTA and sonication and they were subjected to agglutination assay by concanavalin A (Con A). Bladder cells obtained from rats treated with BBN, N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine (BCPN), N-ethyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (EHBN) and N-butyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)nitrosamine (BHEN) were agglutination-positive, while those cells treated with N-tert-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (t-BBH) and N-butyl-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (BHPN) were negative. Results obtained by this method were highly correlated with the known carcinogenicity of BBN and its analogues. Therefore, this method could be used for rapid screening of bladder carcinogens.

Animals↗