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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Parenteral aluminum compounds produce a local toxic myopathy in rats: importance of the anion.

Aluminum lactate, injected in rats, produced skeletal muscle necrosis of diaphragm and abdominal wall subjacent to peritoneal surfaces. Deeper muscle cells (distal from inoculum) were less severely affected. Ultrastructural studies of diaphragm revealed inoculum coating collagen fibrils, aggregating next to muscle basal lamina and localized within phagocytes. Aluminum lactate penetrated lymphatic vessels and caused reactive changes on the pleural as well as peritoneal surfaces of diaphragm. In contrast, injection of aluminum citrate did not produce myopathy. Also, mixtures of aluminum lactate with aluminum citrate, sodium citrate, or another chelating agent failed to produce myopathy. Therefore, the regional myopathy produced by the lactate salt provides a model for in vivo cytotoxicity of aluminum in which anionic binding is a critical determinant.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1990

Aluminum compounds used as adjuvants in vaccines.

The structure of nine commercially manufactured aluminum-containing adjuvants was investigated by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron micrography, and energy dispersive spectrometry. Seven samples which were labeled as aluminum hydroxide were identified as boehmite, a crystalline aluminum oxyhydroxide [AlO(OH)]. However, the degree of crystallinity varied between the samples. Two samples which were labeled as aluminum phosphate were found to be amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate. Buffer anions and sulfate anions substitute for hydroxyls in the amorphous aluminum hydroxide formed by the in situ alum precipitation method. Finally, the aluminum-containing adjuvant in diphtheria and tetanus toxoid, U.S.P., produced by three manufacturers was characterized.

Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic↗
PubMed1977

Acute lung lesions due to zirconium and aluminum compounds in hamsters.

The lung lesions produced by multiple short-term intratracheal instillations of saline solutions of sodium zirconium lactate (NaZL), zirconium-aluminum-glycine hydroxychloride complex (ZAG), and aluminum chlorhydrate (ACH) in hamsters were studied by light and electron microscopy. These solutions produced lesions beginning with exudative pneumonia followed by pneumonitis (interstitial pneumonia) and foreign body granulomas. Electron microscopic microprobe analysis demonstrated the metallic component of the instilled compounds in membrane-bound cytoplasmic inclusions of macrophages. The lesions produced by NaZL and ZAG were similar to those produced by ACH. These lesions were also similar to those in previous reports of aerosol exposure of animals to zirconium or aluminum, or to other unrelated compounds.

Aluminum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Assessment of phyto- and cytotoxic effects of heavy metals and aluminum compounds using onion apical root meristem].

The effects of different concentrations (10(-6)-10(-3) M) of salts of six metals (cadmium, lead, nickel, aluminum, copper, and zinc) on the root growth of onion (Allium cepa L.) seedling and cell division, chromosome and nucleus morphology in root tip cells were studied. The obtained results showed that tested compounds inhibit the root growth, reduce the mitotic activity of meristem cells and cause the chromosome and nucleus irregularities. On the basis of these data two rows of metal salt toxicity were proposed--for effective concentrations (EC50) of toxic action: CuSO4 > CdCl2 > NiSO4 > Pb(CH3COO)2 > Al(NO3)3 > ZnSO4, and for sublethal and lethal effects of investigated substances: CuSO4 > Pb(CH3COO)2 > CdCl2 > ZnSO4 > NiSO4 > Al(NO3)3.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1977

Experimental studies of sensitization to beryllium, zirconium, and aluminum compounds in the rabbit.

In a study designed to assess the potential sensitizing and granulomagenic capacities of selected metallic salts, rabbits were inoculated intradermally with zirconium aluminum glycinate (ZAG), sodium zirconium lactate (NZL), aluminum chlorhydrate (ACH), BeSO 4, and ovalbumin (OVA) by single and multiple injections. Animals immunized with BeSO4 and with OVA developed delayed skin reactivity as well as antigen-specific alveolar macrophage migration inhibition. Neither single nor multiple injections of ZAG or ACH resulted in clear-cut positive skin reactivity, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) production, or lymphocyte stimulation. Rabbits inoculated with multiple injections of NZL (500 microng) showed some marginally positive macrophage migration inhibition and skin reactivity. Histologically, ZAG and ACH were found to induce well-organized foreign-body granulomas after intradermal injection in both normal and inoculated rabbits. NZL and BeSO4 also induced skin granulomas, but these were less organized and distinct. Cell viability and ultrastructural studies indicated that BeSO4 was highly toxic for isolated alveolar macrophages in vitro at concentrations above 10 microng/ml, but NZL and ZAG did not exert such an effect at these dose levels. BeSO4 also depressed lymphocyte stimulation in sensitized animals which demonstrated delayed skin reactivity and macrophage migration inhibition.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1989

Bronchoalveolar leukocyte response in experimental silicosis: modulation by a soluble aluminum compound.

The biological properties of quartz have been related to its surface reactivity. We have addressed the role of particle surface reactivity in mediating the biological activity of quartz in mixed dusts, by treating the quartz with aluminum lactate. Intratracheal instillation of untreated quartz in rats caused a rapid, sustained alveolitis and bronchoalveolar leukocytes obtained from these animals had enhanced activity in degrading fibronectin, but reduced ability to mount a respiratory burst. Quartz pretreated with aluminum elicited a markedly reduced inflammatory response; the reduced activity of the treated quartz was also reflected in the attenuated change in the key functional parameters, oxidant production and proteolysis of fibronectin. Late intratracheal dosing with aluminum after the quartz-induced alveolitis was well established reduced the inflammatory response and abrogated the effect of quartz on the respiratory burst, but did not alter fibronectin degradation by the leukocytes. Aluminum did not affect the inflammatory response to Corynebacterium parvum and thus the effect was on the quartz particles and not on the inflammatory leukocytes. These findings have implications for the likely pulmonary responses to mixed dusts containing quartz and aluminum silicate clays.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Cardiotoxicity of the lipophilic compound aluminum acetylacetonate in rabbits.

Aluminum acetylacetonate was administered to New Zealand white rabbits as liposome preparations and was found to distribute approximately 1:1 between water and phosphatidylcholine dipalmitoyl vesicles. Biochemical monitoring proved that after 2 weeks of daily injection of 40 micrograms of Al(III) in the above form, the animals developed significant signs of cardiac suffering, evidenced by variations in lactic dehydrogenase and creatinine phospokinase. Histopathologic investigation revealed that aluminum acetylacetonate caused unambiguous myocardial infarcts, characterized by myocardial contraction bands. In contrast, injection of Al(III) as a simple salt (lactate, 20 mg/day for 3 weeks) gave a less severe myocardiopathy, certainly not infarctual. Aluminum acetylacetonate given to rabbits appears to be, to our knowledge, the only chemical tool able to mimic spontaneous infarction situations in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Metal-induced coordination inversion and carbon-nitrogen bond rearrangement. Structurally characterized phenyl isocyanate inserted into aluminum methyl compounds and O- and N-bound aluminum compounds.

[C(4)H(3)N(CH(2)NMe(2))-2]AlMe(2) (1) is prepared in 88% yield by the reaction of substituted pyrrole [C(4)H(4)N(CH(2)NMe(2))-2] with 1 equiv of AlMe(3) in methylene chloride. Reaction of compound 1 with 1 equiv of phenyl isocyanate in toluene generates a seven-membered cycloaluminum compound [C(4)H(3)N[CH(2)NPh(CONMe(2))]-2] AlMe(2) (2). The phenyl isocyanate was inserted into the aluminum and dimethylamino nitrogen bond and induced an unusual rearrangement which results in C-N bond breaking and formation. A control experiment shows that the reaction of substituted pyrrole [C(4)H(4)N(CH(2)NMe(2))-2] with 1 equiv of phenyl isocyanate in diethyl ether yields a pyrrolyl attached urea derivative [C(4)H(3)N(CH(2)NMe(2))-2-[C(=O)NHPh]-1] (3). The demethanation reaction of AlMe(3) with 1 equiv of 3 in methylene chloride at 0 degrees C afforded O-bounded and N-bounded aluminum dimethyl compounds [C(4)H(3)N(CH(2)NMe(2))-2-[C(=O)NPh]-1]AlMe(2) (4a) and [C(4)H(3)N(CH(2)NMe(2))-2-[CO(=NPh)]-1]AlMe(2) (4b) in a total 78% yield after recrystallization. Both 4a and 4b are observed in (1)H NMR spectra; however, the relative ratio of 4a and 4b depends on the solvent used. Two equivalents of AlMe(3) was reacted with 3 in methylene chloride to yield a dinuclear aluminum compound AlMe(3)[C(4)H(3)N(CH(2)NMe(2))-2-[C(=O)NPh]-1] AlMe(2) (5). Reaction of 5 with another equivalent of ligand 3 results in the re-formation of compounds 4a and 4b.

Journal Article↗