Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Aluminum Compounds”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Studies on effects of aluminum compounds on aluminum contents in serum and brain of mice with high performance capillary electrophoresis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of alum, aluminum chloride and aluminum hydroxide on aluminum contents in serum and brain of mice with high performance capillary. METHOD: 60 days after the mice were given daily alum, aluminum chloride and aluminum hydroxide with the same aluminum content of 14.25, 57 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), respectively, the aluminum content in serum and brain of mice were determined with high performance capillary chromatography. RESULT: The average recoveries of serum aluminum determination was 96.5%-103%. The average recoveries of brain aluminum assay was 92.2%-105.3%. Except control group, serum aluminum increased obviously. Brain aluminum increased in all the large doses groups. 2 weeks after the mice were stopped being given these drugs, serum and brain aluminum recovered to normal level, except aluminum chloride large doses group. CONCLUSION: The metabolism and excretion mechanism of aluminum in mice depends on the chemical states of the aluminum compound.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

Regio- and chemoselective direct generation of functionalized aromatic aluminum compounds using aluminum ate base.

A regio- and chemoselective direct method for generation of functionalized aromatic aluminum compounds through deprotonative directed ortho-alumination using triisobutyl(tetramethylpiperidino)aluminate (iBu3Al(TMP)Li), prepared by mixing of triisobutylaluminum (iBu3Al) and lithium tetramethylpiperidide (LTMP) in THF, has been developed. Deprotonative alumination of various functionalized benzenes with the use of iBu3Al(TMP)Li proved effective for the direct generation of various ortho-functionalized aluminum aromatic and heteroaromatic derivatives, particularly those with electrophilic functional groups such as cyano, amide, and halogen. Direct alumination, followed by electrophilic trapping (with I2), provided a convenient preparative method for 1,2- or 1,2,3-multisubstituted aromatic compounds. The functionalized aromatic aluminate intermediate also was found to undergo copper- and palladium-catalyzed C-C bond-forming reactions very efficiently and highly regio- and chemoselectively.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Aluminum compounds as vaccine adjuvants.

Aluminum compounds are the only adjuvants used widely with routine human vaccines and are the most common adjuvants in veterinary vaccines also. Though there has been a search for alternate adjuvants, aluminum adjuvants will continue to be used for many years due to their good track record of safety, low cost and adjuvanticity with a variety of antigens. For infections that can be prevented by induction of serum antibodies, aluminum adjuvants formulated under optimal conditions are the adjuvants of choice. It is important to select carefully the type of aluminum adjuvant and optimize the conditions of adsorption for every antigen since this process is dependent upon the physico-chemical characteristics of both the antigens and aluminum adjuvants. Adsorption of antigens onto aluminum compounds depends heavily on electrostatic forces between adjuvant and antigen. Two commonly used aluminum adjuvants, aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate have opposite charge at a neutral pH. The mechanism of adjuvanticity of aluminum compounds includes formation of a depot; efficient uptake of aluminum adsorbed antigen particles by antigen presenting cells due their particulate nature and optimal size (<10 µm); and stimulation of immune competent cells of the body through activation of complement, induction of eosinophilia and activation of macrophages. Limitations of aluminum adjuvants include local reactions, augmentation of IgE antibody responses, ineffectiveness for some antigens and inability to augment cell-mediated immune responses, especially cytotoxic T-cell responses.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Aluminum in the joint tissues of chronic renal failure patients treated with regular hemodialysis and aluminum compounds.

We studied the concentrations of aluminum in the articular tissues of 5 hemodialysed patients treated with aluminum compounds. Aluminum crosses the synovial barrier, is found in synovial fluid (SF) and accumulates in the joint structures (synovial membrane and joint cartilage). The concentrations found in synovial tissue were 2.7 to 10 times control values, in SF 2.5 to 8 times the control concentrations and in cartilage 2.6 times the control concentrations. Transmission electron microscopy showed localization of aluminum in the lysosomal structures and wavelength dispersive microprobe analysis showed aluminum in cellular components associated with phosphate. The possible toxicity of aluminum to joints merits further investigations.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1994

Experimental articular toxicity of aluminum compounds in vivo.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the articular toxicity of 2 aluminum derivatives, one insoluble (hydroxide) and/or the other soluble (lactate), after a single administration in rabbits and rats. METHODS: First, aluminum levels in plasma, urine, synovial tissue, liver and kidney were measured in saline treated rabbits and 1 to 2 days after an articular injection of 75 mg of aluminum compounds into their right knee. The methodology used was argon plasma emission spectrometry. Thereafter, the joint toxicity of aluminum lactate at the same dose regimen was evaluated for 2 days by a qualitative histological examination of synovial tissue and articular surfaces and a colorimetric assay (1,9-DMB) of patellar articular cartilage proteoglycan content. Secondly, the single injection of 50 mg of aluminum derivatives as an inducer of inflammation was studied in the rat subcutaneous air pouch, a model for a synovial-like space. Leukocytes and eicosanoids levels were measured in pouch washout fluids from 1 to 72 h after injection. RESULTS: After injection into rabbit knee, aluminum lactate largely distributed within the body while hydroxide remained locally. However, aluminum lactate resulted in perivascular edema, sparse infiltration of inflammatory cells in the synovium and a hemorrhagic effusion. Proliferation of the synovial cell layer coexisted with an apparent loss of proteoglycan in superficial zones of tibial and femoral cartilages when patellar proteoglycan content remained unchanged. Aluminum hydroxide did not affect joint structures. In the air pouch experiment, aluminum lactate increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels from 3 to 10 h after its injection and less intensively leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels after 6 h, in the absence of leukocytes migration into the cavity. In contrast, aluminum hydroxide increased leukocytes count in pouch-washout fluid from 3 to 24 h after its injection when PGE2 and LTB4 levels were little modified. CONCLUSION: Although some differences attributable to dissimilarities in the experimental model used, aluminum compounds, even in a soluble form, may damage joint structures either directly or through stimulating the secretion of eicosanoids by synovial-like cells.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed1989

Effect of solubility on the gastrointestinal absorption of aluminum from various aluminum compounds in the rat.

The present study was carried out to determine whether the insoluble property of most aluminum compounds was the reason for the limited absorption of this element from the gastrointestinal tract. Aluminum compounds of varying degrees of solubility were studied. At pH 3, more than 25% of the aluminum from all of the compounds studied (with the exception of sucralfate [13%]) was in solution. At pH 6, the solubility of aluminum in Al(OH)3 and sucralfate was less than 1%; it was 15% in AlCl3 and 33% in aluminum lactate. Aluminum solubility did not change with a change in pH for the citrate compounds, which varied between 38%, with sucralfate plus citric acid, and 91%, with aluminum citrate. The fraction of the administered dose of aluminum absorbed as estimated by urinary excretion after gastric gavage was 0.015% for sucralfate and Al(OH)3, 0.037% for AlCl3 and aluminum lactate, and greater than 0.80% for all aluminum compounds administered with citrate. A similar relationship was found between the solubility of the aluminum compounds and absorption, as determined by calculated absorption from the changes in plasma aluminum levels. Solubility alone, however, could not totally explain the effect of citrate on aluminum absorption. The solubility of aluminum in aluminum lactate and sucralfate plus citric acid were the same at pH 6. Absorption of aluminum from aluminum lactate, however, was only 1.6% as much as that found for sucralfate plus citric acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Mineral metabolism of rats fed moderate levels of various aluminum compounds for short periods of time.

The effects of ingesting moderate levels of aluminum (5-272 micrograms Al/g diet) were assessed in two short-term (18-d) studies with rats. Rats were fed diets that contained no added aluminum or aluminum lactate, aluminum palmitate, aluminum phosphate or aluminum hydroxide in either reagent grade or desiccated gel forms. The average concentrations of aluminum in the tibias of rats fed 261-272 micrograms Al/g diet were 13.0-15.6 micrograms Al/g fresh weight, while those of control animals were 1.0-1.9 micrograms Al/g fresh weight. Rats fed aluminum accumulated less aluminum in their kidneys and brains than in their tibias. In study 1, animals fed aluminum hydroxide tended to accumulate more aluminum in tissues, i.e., brain, than animals fed the other aluminum compounds. In study 2 the type of aluminum hydroxide fed did not affect the accumulation of aluminum in tissues but rats fed 206 micrograms Al/g diet accumulated less aluminum in their tibias and more aluminum in their kidneys than rats fed 261 and 268 micrograms Al/g diet. Ingestion of these moderate doses of aluminum had no effects on tissue levels of calcium, magnesium and iron of rats and had only small effects on tissue levels of phosphorus, zinc and copper.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1984

The health effects of aluminum compounds in mammals.

This review, which is based on evaluation of information published in the last decade related to the health effects of aluminum compounds in mammals, directs attention to the well-documented effects of A1(III) compounds on phosphate metabolism. It is suggested that the toxic effects currently associated with A1(III) compounds are dependent upon the nature of A1(III) complexes formed from electron donating groups, rather than restricted to the presence of the high charge density matrix of A1(III) itself.

Aluminum↗
PubMed2000

Bioavailability and intestinal absorption of aluminum in rats: effects of aluminum compounds and some dietary constituents.

In the present investigation, the deposition of aluminum in intestinal fragment and the appearance in blood were studied in a perfused rat intestine in situ for 1 h with several aluminum forms (16 mM). We observed that aluminum absorption was positively correlated with the theoretic affinity of aluminum and the functional groups of the chelating agent. The absorption of aluminum after ingestion of organic compounds is more important than after ingestion of mineral compounds, with the following order: Al citrate > Al tartrate, Al gluconate, Al lactate > Al glutamate, Al chloride, Al sulfate, Al nitrate. Absorption depends on the nature of the ligands associated with the Al3+ ion in the gastrointestinal fluid. The higher the aluminum retention in intestinal fragment, the lower the absorption and appearance in blood. However, the higher aluminum concentration is always in the jejunal fragment because of the influence of pH variation on this fragment. Another objective of the present study was to determine the influence of several parameters on aluminum citrate absorption: with or without 0.1 mmol dinitrophenol/L, with aluminum concentration from 3.2, 16, 32, and 48, to 64 mmol/L, media containing 0, 3, or 6 mmol Ca/L, with or without phosphorus or glucose. It is concluded that aluminum is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract by (1) a paracellular energy independent and nonsaturable route, mainly used for high aluminum concentration, which is modified by extracellular calcium, and (2) a transcellular and saturable route, the aluminum level was not modified with enhancement of aluminum quantity in intestinal lumen. This pathway can be similar with calcium transfer through the intestine and is energy dependent because of a decrease of aluminum absorption that follows the removal of glucose and phosphorus.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1991

Effect on catfish (Clarias lazera) composition of ingestion rearing water contaminated with lead or aluminum compounds.

To study the effect of contaminated rearing water of catfish (Clarias lazera) with lead acetate, lead chloride or aluminum chloride, 3 level of concentrations (10, 50 and 100 ppm) of each salt were added in the rearing water for 6 weeks. The results of this experiment confirmed the followings: Existence of deaths among fishes reared in water contaminated with the inorganic pollutants (PbCl2 and AlCl3) but not with the organic lead. The treatments led to pathological findings e.g. haemorrhages and congestion of the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. Protein content was decreased insignificantly (P greater than or equal to 0.05) than for the control. The decrease was accompanied with the elevation of contamination level, especially in the lead acetate treatment. The ether extract increased in the treated fish than in the control. The increase was related to the pollutant level especially in the PbCl2 and AlCl3 treatments (P less than or equal to 0.01). Gross energy, generally, increased slightly by the application of the pollutants than in the control fishes. Muscular contents of ash, calcium, magnesium, and lead were increased significantly than the control. The contents of Na, K (P less than or equal to 0.01) and P (P less than or equal to 0.05) decreased in the treated fishes.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1993

Reconstitution of the native mitochondrial outer membrane in planar bilayers. Comparison with the outer membrane in a patch pipette and effect of aluminum compounds.

Detergent-free rat brain outer mitochondrial membranes were incorporated in planar lipid bilayers in the presence of an osmotic gradient, and studied at high (1 M KCl) and low (150 mM KCl) ionic strength solutions. By comparison, the main outer mitochondrial membrane protein, VDAC, extracted from rat liver with Triton X-100, was also studied in 150 mM KCl. In 1 M KCl, brain outer membranes gave rise to electrical patterns which resembled very closely those widely described for detergent-extracted VDAC, with transitions to several subconducting states upon increase of the potential difference, and sensitivity to polyanion. The potential dependence of the conductance of the outer membrane, however, was steeper and the extent of closure higher than that observed previously for rat brain VDAC. In 150 mM KCl, bilayers containing only one channel had a conductance of 700 +/- 23 pS for rat brain outer membranes, and 890 +/- 29 pS for rat liver VDAC. Use of a fast time resolution setup allowed demonstration of open-close transitions in the millisecond range, which were independent of the salt concentration and of the protein origin. We also found that a potential difference higher than approx. +/- 60 mV induced an almost irreversible decrease of the single channel conductance to few percentages of the full open state and a change in the ionic selectivity. These results show that the behavior of the outer mitochondrial membrane in planar bilayers is close to that detected with the patch clamp (Moran et al., 1992, Eur. Biophys. J. 20:311-319). The neurotoxicological action of aluminum was studied in single outer membrane channels from rat brain mitochondria. We found that microM concentrations of Al Cl3 and aluminum lactate decreased the conductance by about 50%, when the applied potential difference was positive relative to the side of the metal addition.

Aluminum↗
PubMed2003

Organometallic aluminum compounds derived from 2-(1,3,5-dithiazinan-5-yl)ethanol ligands.

The reactions of AlMe(2)Y (Y = Me or Cl) with new ligands 2-(1,3,5-dithiazinan-5-yl)ethanol (1), 2-(1,3,5-dithiazinan-5-yl)-1-methylethanol (2), and 2-(1,3,5-dithiazinan-5-yl)-1-phenylethanol (3) are described. The ligands are coordinated to aluminum atoms by nitrogen and oxygen atoms, with a nitrogen based spiranic structure. Equimolar reactions gave dimeric structures bearing pentacoordinated aluminum atoms O-(AlMeY)-2-(1,3,5-dithiazinan-5-yl)ethanolates (4-7) as well as monometallic compounds with tetracoordinated aluminum atoms O-(AlMeY)-2-(1,3,5-dithiazinan-5-yl)ethanolates (8-9). Reactions with 2 equiv of the aluminum reagents afforded tetracoordinated dialuminum complexes O-(AlMeY)-O-(AlMe(2)Y)-2-(1,3,5-dithiazinan-5-yl)ethanolate (10-18). The structures of the new compounds were determined by NMR ((1)H,(13)C, and (27)Al) and complemented by X-ray diffraction of compounds 4, 10, and 16-18. Relevant intermolecular interactions C-H...S, C-H...Cl, and C-H...pi found in the crystalline network are reported.

Journal Article↗