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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) virus-specific antibodies in ATL patients and healthy virus carriers.

The adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)-associated antigen complex (ATLA) is recognized by serum antibodies of carriers of ATL virus (ATLV). ATLA consists mainly of ATLV polypeptides and their precursors. The sera from 22 ATL patients, 21 healthy carriers and 9 healthy individuals were examined quantitatively by immunofluorescence assay (IF) for ATLA and by a newly developed radioimmunoprecipitation test with purified 125I-gp68, the putative env gene product of ATLV. More qualitative results were obtained by analysis on polyacrylamide gel (PAGE) of immunoprecipitates from lysates of 35S-cysteine-labelled cells producing ATLV, pelleted ATLV and cell-free culture supernatant. The two quantitative assays gave negative results with sera from all normal subjects and a few patients, but detected ATLA antibodies in all the healthy ATLV carriers. An important finding was that sera of patients that gave negative results in one assay gave positive results in the other, and vice versa. In contrast, all sera from ATL patients and healthy carriers, but not normal donors, precipitated ATLV-specific glycopolypeptides, gp68 and gp46 from 35S-labelled materials. But core polypeptides p28, p24, p19 and p15 were precipitated only by sera with IF titers of over 80. Thus, anti-ATLA antibodies in seropositive sera are predominantly directed against glycopolypeptides of ATLV, and the antibody reactivity to ATLA antigens does not differentiate between ATL patients at various stages of the disease and healthy ATLV carriers.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1987

Epidemiological features of HTLV-I carriers and incidence of ATL in an ATL-endemic island: a report of the community-based co-operative study in Tsushima, Japan.

To extend the epidemiological study on adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) in Japan, the geographical and demographic characteristics of carriers of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and patients with ATL were analyzed in Tsushima Island, which is one of the typical endemic areas of ATL in Kyushu, Japan. Even on the small island of Tsushima (710 km2; pop. 48,875; 123 villages), the positive rates of anti-HTLV-I antibody among the 58 villages studied varied from 2% to 50%, a fact that is probably associated with the historical events affecting the movement of the indigenous population of Tsushima Island. The positive rate of anti-HTLV-I antibody in males increased little with age; however, the female rate increased distinctly with age in moderate and high HTLV-I-endemic villages where more than 15% of the inhabitants had positive anti-HTLV-I antibody. Analysis of anti-HTLV-I antibody positivity between spouses confirmed that HTLV-I was more contagious from husband to wife than from wife to husband, which corresponded to the fact that the positive rate of anti-HTLV-I antibody in females older than 30 years was higher than that in males. Recently the rate of carrier children from HTLV-I carrier mothers was estimated at around 20%. The recent annual incidence rates of ATL among 1,000 HTLV-I carriers older than 40 years living in Tsushima Island was estimated at 2.2 in males, 0.8 in females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Characterization of human B-cell lines harbouring both adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) virus and Epstein-Barr virus derived from ATL patients.

Human B-cell lines, designated ATLB cell lines, were spontaneously established from peripheral blood of adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) patients. The cell lines consistently expressed ATL-associated antigen (ATLA) and Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigen (EBNA). A cloned ATLB line, designated ATLB 2, showed that both ATLA and EBNA antigens were present in the same B-cell clone. In this study, we have further characterized ATLV and EBV in the cloned ATLB 2 cell line by biochemical techniques. The ATLA antigens in these clones, initially shown by immunofluorescence, were studied by immunoprecipitation with human sera from ATL patients and the Western blotting technique using a mouse monoclonal antibody (GIN-14). We identified ATLV core polypeptides 24K and 19K in the ATLB cell extracts. Furthermore, total cellular DNA and poly(A) RNA from the ATLB cell lines were analysed for the presence of viral genomes with molecularly cloned DNA probes containing the ATLV and EBV sequence, respectively. The results showed that all ATLB 2 clones contained highly conserved ATLV proviral DNA irrespective of whether or not they expressed ATLA. They also contained several copies of EB virus DNA and DNA-DNA reassociation kinetics studies clearly showed that most of the EBV DNA sequences were present in ATLB cells. ATLV-related mRNA was detected in only ATLA-positive clones (ATLB 2-3 and 2-21) but not in a negative clone (ATLB 2-45).

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-I) in family members of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patients in non-ATL-endemic Hokkaido of Japan.

Family members of patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in non-ATL-endemic Hokkaido, the northernmost part of Japan, were assessed for the prevalence of HTLV-I infection. Immunofluorescence assay showed that 53 out of 133 (39.8%) healthy family members of 23 ATL patients were positive for antibodies to HTLV-I. When general inhabitants in Hokkaido were examined, 3 out of 18 (16.7%) family members of 5 seropositive healthy persons had HTLV-I antibodies. The overall seropositivity in Hokkaido was 0.7%. Of 26 family members of 6 patients with non-T-cell leukemia seroconverted by blood transfusion, none (0%) was seropositive.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-I) in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in non-ATL-endemic Hokkaido of Japan.

Sera and peripheral blood lymphocytes of 40 adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patients in non-ATL-endemic Hokkaido were examined for the prevalence of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-I). All patients had HTLV-I-specific antibodies. When the peripheral lymphocytes were assessed after short-term cultivation, HTLV-I antigens and virus particles were detected. The seroprevalence in 96 cases of non-T-cell leukemias and lymphomas and in 30,056 healthy individuals in Hokkaido were 3.1% and 0.7%, respectively. HTLV-I seropositive inhabitants of Hokkaido can be estimated at about 40,000, and one out of every few thousand HTLV-I carriers is likely to develop ATL.

HTLV-I Antibodies↗
PubMed1986

Clinical analysis of 33 patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)-diagnostic criteria and significance of high- and low-risk ATL.

The clinical characteristics of 33 patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) are described. All patients were born and have lived in Miyazaki Prefecture (southwest of Japan). Because of a wide range of clinical presentations and courses, they were subdivided into 2 groups. In the high-risk group, patients presented with high white-cell counts (WBC greater than or equal to 20,000/microliter) and over 30% of abnormal lymphoid cells (18 patients) and hypercalcemia with a low percentage of leukemic cells (5 patients). In this group the median survival time was only 3 months despite various modes of treatment. In contrast, patients of the second group exhibited a low percentage of abnormal lymphoid cells (WBC less than 20,000/microliter and/or leukemic cells less than 30%) and had no hypercalcemia (8 patients). Their clinical course was chronic with a median survival of 8 months, regardless of modalities of treatment. Two patients went through a period when the number of circulating leukemic cells was low (less than or equal to 5%) before overt leukemia appeared. Other clinical features, signs, symptoms, routine laboratory data, serum anti-ATL-associated antibody, cell membrane markers and cytogenetic studies were similar to those observed in other districts of Kyushu island.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

HTLV-I carriers among migrants from an ATL-endemic area to ATL non-endemic metropolitan areas in Japan.

The prevalence of antibodies against HTLV-I among Kyushu natives aged 16 to 39 years who moved from Nagasaki and Kagoshima prefectures to Aichi prefecture (a non-endemic area for ATL) was compared by their cities or counties of birth. The positive rate of anti-HTLV-I antibody was 2.4% (II/400) among Nagasaki natives, 6.4% (20/312) among Kagoshima natives and 4.0% (31/772) for both combined. There was a slight difference in the positive rate of anti-HTLV-I antibody between Kyushu natives from cities (3.3%) and from counties (4.5%). In county areas, the prevalence of anti-HTLV-I antibodies among migrants from areas of relatively higher mortality for malignant lymphomas (7.5%) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than among persons from lower mortality areas (1.9%). Most "positive" persons had moved from Kyushu to Aichi prefecture between the ages of 15 and 18 years. The results of the present study suggest that: there is a considerable number of HTLV-I carriers among Kyushu natives who have settled in ATL non-endemic areas, especially among those born in regions of Kyushu district which have a high mortality rate for malignant lymphomas; and that Kyushu natives who had settled in metropolitan areas might have been exposed to HTLV-I during childhood in their birthplace.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The ATLS course, a survey of 228 ATLS providers.

Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) courses teach a system for the initial assessment and management of trauma patients that aims to optimise initial care and reduce mortality and morbidity, and have been adopted worldwide. This questionnaire survey characterised those who took up this particular educational resource in Scotland during a four year period after its introduction, and analysed how they felt it had affected their clinical competence. Irrespective of their previous level of training and experience, nearly all surgeons and anaesthetists who took this course felt that it had improved their clinical skills and other professional attributes. The significance of these results is discussed in the context of postgraduate surgical and anaesthetic training in Scotland.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗