Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ATL”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

The third nation-wide study on adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) in Japan: characteristic patterns of HLA antigen and HTLV-I infection in ATL patients and their relatives. The T- and B-cell Malignancy Study Group.

To clarify the intrinsic factors involved in the manifestation of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) in Japan, a third nation-wide study on ATL was conducted by the T- and B-cell Malignancy Study Group. General clinico-epidemiological findings on ATL and infectious modes of transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) from 181 ATL patients and their relatives were analyzed and the frequency of HLA antigens in 64 ATL patients was compared with that of 48 relatives of ATL probands, 340 controls from all Japan and 236 controls from Kyushu (Tanaka et al., 1984). General findings on ATL were mostly the same as those in the 2 previous nation-wide studies. The age-specific positivity rate of anti-HTLV-I antibody in siblings of ATL patients was markedly higher than that in children of ATL patients. This suggests that there is a high risk of mothers of ATL patients transmitting HTLV-I to their children who may develop clinical ATL after reaching ATL risk age. Frequencies of HLA antigens A26 and B39, among patients with ATL in ATL-endemic areas (Kyushu and South Shikoku), were higher (RR greater than 2.0 and p less than 0.05) than those of controls in Kyushu, and lower (RR less than 0.5 and p less than 0.05) with respect to A24, Bw46, Bw52, Bw61 and DR7. The frequency of Bw52 was also lower in relatives positive for anti-HTLV-I antibody than in relatives without antibody. However, these differences were not statistically significant after correction for the 45 antigens typed. These results can neither support nor refute the possibility of genetic susceptibility to HTLV-I infection and manifestation of ATL.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The 4th nation-wide study of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) in Japan: estimates of risk of ATL and its geographical and clinical features. The T- and B-cell Malignancy Study Group.

To estimate the annual incidence of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) by district in Japan, a large-scale nationwide survey of ATL and of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was performed in 1988. Questionnaires for the registration of ATL and of T-cell and non-T-cell lymphoma were distributed to the physicians in charge of this survey in 1,287 hospitals with 200 or more beds throughout Japan. From the positive rate of anti-HTLV-I antibody in adults, the annual incidence of ATL was estimated at 697, independently of the present survey. In fact, 657 cases (47% of the estimated number), newly diagnosed during the 2 years January 1986 to December 1987, were registered from 191 general hospitals throughout Japan. Major results obtained from the present survey are as follows: (1) among all ATL cases registered, 51% were from Kyushu and 29% were from metropolitan areas (Kanto, Chubu and Kinki) and most, but not all, patients with ATL in the metropolitan areas had come from the ATL-endemic areas and settled in the metropolitan areas; (2) the estimated annual incidence rates of ATL per million adults were 40.4 in males and 26.4 in females in Kyushu, the overall risk of ATL being 1.5 times as high in males as in females; (3) the age-specific incidence rate in Kyushu increased steeply with age until the age of 70, and then decreased markedly in both sexes; (4) the ratio of T-cell versus non-T-cell lymphomas was 2.9 in Kyushu but 0.5 in other districts of Japan, however, this difference regressed to the average for the whole of Japan if ATL cases were excluded; (5) 26.5% of patients with ATL had a family history of cancer, and among these, 14 (8.2%) were ATL, 21 (12.2%) were lymphoma and 17 (9.9%) were hematopoietic malignancies, the incidence of which was markedly higher than in the general population; (6) with regard to clinicopathological features of ATL, there were more advanced cases in south Kyushu than in other districts, however, these differences were not statistically significant. To clarify the chronological changes and geographical variations in the annual incidence of ATL in Japan, continuous systematic nationwide surveillance is necessary and further nation-wide studies are being prepared.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adenosine deaminase in plasma of patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL): correlation between enzyme activity and the ATL subtypes.

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) was assayed in plasma from 14 patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) (eight with acute ATL and six with smoldering or chronic ATL), 20 male family members (ten were anti-ATLA antibody positive and the other ten negative), and 25 normal individuals. ADA activity was uniformly higher in plasma from patients with ATL than normal controls. This enzyme activity significantly increased in acute ATL in comparison to smoldering or chronic ATL. In families of ATL patients, no statistical difference in ADA activity between the anti-ATLA antibody-positive group and -negative group could be discerned. The enzyme activity in a patient with acute ATL, after a bone-marrow transplant, rapidly increased as leukemic cells increased in peripheral blood. These findings indicate that the levels of ADA activities in plasma from ATL patients reflect the condition of this disease. Thus, measurement of this enzyme activity offers a further parameter to distinguish subtypes of ATL, and is of prognostic and therapeutic value.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1983

Epstein-Barr virus-specific antibodies in patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and healthy ATL virus-carriers.

Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-capsid antigen (VCA), early antigen (EA) and EBV-associated nuclear antigen (EBNA) in the sera of 103 patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and the sera of 243 age- and sex-matched healthy adults, namely 99 anti-ATLA-positive (antibodies to ATL virus-associated antigen) and 144 anti-ATLA-negative individuals, were determined by indirect immunofluorescence. The anti-VCA titers in the sera from ATL patients were within the range observed in healthy controls. Anti-EA was found in 27% of the sera from ATL patients, but in only 8% of the sera from anti-ATLA-negative healthy controls. Antibodies to EBNA, which were present in almost all healthy adults, were not found in 30% of the sera from ATL patients. Of the sera of anti-ATLA-positive healthy adult donors 11% were negative for EBNA antibody. These results suggest that functional impairment of the T-cell system in most ATL patients, and also to a lesser extent in anti-ATLA-positive adults who might be healthy ATLV-carriers, may cause an unusual immune response of antibodies to EBV-associated antigens.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Detection of antibodies to adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)-associated virus in ATL patients' sera by immunoelectron microscopy.

In an attempt to demonstrate the presence of antibodies to ATL-associated type-C virus particles (ATLV), an indirect immunoferritin method of immunoelectron microscopy was performed on an ATLV-producing human cord T-cell line (MT-2) and short-term cultures of ATL cells. All five sera from ATL patients seropositive to ATL-associated antigens (ATLA) but not three sera from healthy adults were positive for the ferritin labeling of ATLV and plasma membranes in both MT-2 and short-term cultured ATL cells. Sera absorbed with sheep red blood cells or human T-cell acute lymphatic leukemia cells labeled ATLV much more intensely with ferritin than with plasma membranes. These results demonstrated at the ultrastructural level that anti-ATLA-positive sera contained antibodies to surface glycoproteins and/or structural proteins of ATLV and that they differed from anti-Forssman or anti-T-cell antibodies. It was also demonstrated that anti-ATLA-positive sera showed the same reactivity with ATLV from both MT-2 and short-term cultured ATL-cells by the immunoferritin method.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1991

Examination of HTLV-I integration in the skin lesions of various types of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL): independence of cutaneous-type ATL confirmed by Southern blot analysis.

The various clinical features of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) are frequently accompanied by skin eruptions. Recently, a cutaneous type of ATL has been proposed by clinical studies. We analyzed the viral integration of human T-cell leukemia virus-I (HTLV-I) and monoclonal rearrangement of T-cell receptor (TCR) gene in blood lymphocytes and the cutaneous infiltrated cells of nine ATL patients with various clinical features and skin eruptions. We classified them by the results of Southern blot analysis and propose a cutaneous-type ATL accordingly. In two of them, we could detect the monoclonal integration of HTLV-I and T-cell monoclonality only in the skin but not in the peripheral lymphocytes. We also demonstrated the time course study in one patient. Clinicians should be aware of the HTLV-I positive cutaneous T cell lymphoma that can be named cutaneous-type ATL. Examination of viral integration and T-cell monoclonality in skin lesions is required to make an exact diagnosis of cutaneous ATL.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Epidemiological studies of adult T-cell leukemia virus in patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and ATL-related diseases in Hokkaido District of Japan].

Sera and peripheral blood lymphocytes in 40 clinical cases of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and 66 cases of mature T-cell malignancies in Hokkaido district, the most northern part of Japan, were examined for the infection with ATL virus (ATLV). All of the 40 ATL patients (100%) had antibodies to ATLV-associated antigen (ATLA) and 13 (19.7%) of the 66 patients with mature T-cell malignancies other than ATL were also positive for anti-ATLA. When the peripheral ATL lymphocytes were assessed after short time cultivation, both ATLA antigen and C type virus particles were detectable. In contrast to the high prevalence of ATLV antibodies in these patients, the positivity in 30,000 control individuals in this district was 0.73%. It was calculated that 8 patients of a 40,000 seropositive population are diagnosed annually as ATL in this particular northern part of Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Serologic and epidemiologic studies on adult T-cell leukemia (ATL): special reference to a comparison between patients with and without antibody to ATL-associated antigen.

A case of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in a 23-yr-old Japanese man without immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody to ATL-associated antigen (ATLA) (anti-ATLA) is presented. Comparative studies revealed that there were no differences between the present case and the anti-ATLA-positive ATL cases, except for the onset of the former at a younger age. Serologic and epidemiologic studies were performed to determine whether in this case the disease was still dependent on ATLA. As serum IgE and IgA had been persistently elevated, the serum was examined for these antibodies to ATLA. Furthermore, after the patient's serum was treated with glycine buffer to dissociate possibly existing immune complexes, it was assayed for antibodies (IgG, IgE and IgA) to ATLA. However, no antibody activity could be demonstrated. Sero-epidemiologic studies revealed that there were no anti-ATLA-positive healthy adults (ATLA-HA) in either his family or among the residents of his birthplace, whereas some ATLA-HA have been found among the residents of the birthplaces of other ATL patients. Although further investigation is necessary, it seems reasonable for the present to consider that a minor group of ATL patients independent of ATL virus may exist.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) virus-specific antibodies in ATL patients and healthy virus carriers.

The adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)-associated antigen complex (ATLA) is recognized by serum antibodies of carriers of ATL virus (ATLV). ATLA consists mainly of ATLV polypeptides and their precursors. The sera from 22 ATL patients, 21 healthy carriers and 9 healthy individuals were examined quantitatively by immunofluorescence assay (IF) for ATLA and by a newly developed radioimmunoprecipitation test with purified 125I-gp68, the putative env gene product of ATLV. More qualitative results were obtained by analysis on polyacrylamide gel (PAGE) of immunoprecipitates from lysates of 35S-cysteine-labelled cells producing ATLV, pelleted ATLV and cell-free culture supernatant. The two quantitative assays gave negative results with sera from all normal subjects and a few patients, but detected ATLA antibodies in all the healthy ATLV carriers. An important finding was that sera of patients that gave negative results in one assay gave positive results in the other, and vice versa. In contrast, all sera from ATL patients and healthy carriers, but not normal donors, precipitated ATLV-specific glycopolypeptides, gp68 and gp46 from 35S-labelled materials. But core polypeptides p28, p24, p19 and p15 were precipitated only by sera with IF titers of over 80. Thus, anti-ATLA antibodies in seropositive sera are predominantly directed against glycopolypeptides of ATLV, and the antibody reactivity to ATLA antigens does not differentiate between ATL patients at various stages of the disease and healthy ATLV carriers.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1987

Epidemiological features of HTLV-I carriers and incidence of ATL in an ATL-endemic island: a report of the community-based co-operative study in Tsushima, Japan.

To extend the epidemiological study on adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) in Japan, the geographical and demographic characteristics of carriers of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and patients with ATL were analyzed in Tsushima Island, which is one of the typical endemic areas of ATL in Kyushu, Japan. Even on the small island of Tsushima (710 km2; pop. 48,875; 123 villages), the positive rates of anti-HTLV-I antibody among the 58 villages studied varied from 2% to 50%, a fact that is probably associated with the historical events affecting the movement of the indigenous population of Tsushima Island. The positive rate of anti-HTLV-I antibody in males increased little with age; however, the female rate increased distinctly with age in moderate and high HTLV-I-endemic villages where more than 15% of the inhabitants had positive anti-HTLV-I antibody. Analysis of anti-HTLV-I antibody positivity between spouses confirmed that HTLV-I was more contagious from husband to wife than from wife to husband, which corresponded to the fact that the positive rate of anti-HTLV-I antibody in females older than 30 years was higher than that in males. Recently the rate of carrier children from HTLV-I carrier mothers was estimated at around 20%. The recent annual incidence rates of ATL among 1,000 HTLV-I carriers older than 40 years living in Tsushima Island was estimated at 2.2 in males, 0.8 in females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Characterization of human B-cell lines harbouring both adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) virus and Epstein-Barr virus derived from ATL patients.

Human B-cell lines, designated ATLB cell lines, were spontaneously established from peripheral blood of adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) patients. The cell lines consistently expressed ATL-associated antigen (ATLA) and Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigen (EBNA). A cloned ATLB line, designated ATLB 2, showed that both ATLA and EBNA antigens were present in the same B-cell clone. In this study, we have further characterized ATLV and EBV in the cloned ATLB 2 cell line by biochemical techniques. The ATLA antigens in these clones, initially shown by immunofluorescence, were studied by immunoprecipitation with human sera from ATL patients and the Western blotting technique using a mouse monoclonal antibody (GIN-14). We identified ATLV core polypeptides 24K and 19K in the ATLB cell extracts. Furthermore, total cellular DNA and poly(A) RNA from the ATLB cell lines were analysed for the presence of viral genomes with molecularly cloned DNA probes containing the ATLV and EBV sequence, respectively. The results showed that all ATLB 2 clones contained highly conserved ATLV proviral DNA irrespective of whether or not they expressed ATLA. They also contained several copies of EB virus DNA and DNA-DNA reassociation kinetics studies clearly showed that most of the EBV DNA sequences were present in ATLB cells. ATLV-related mRNA was detected in only ATLA-positive clones (ATLB 2-3 and 2-21) but not in a negative clone (ATLB 2-45).

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1986

Clinical analysis of 33 patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)-diagnostic criteria and significance of high- and low-risk ATL.

The clinical characteristics of 33 patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) are described. All patients were born and have lived in Miyazaki Prefecture (southwest of Japan). Because of a wide range of clinical presentations and courses, they were subdivided into 2 groups. In the high-risk group, patients presented with high white-cell counts (WBC greater than or equal to 20,000/microliter) and over 30% of abnormal lymphoid cells (18 patients) and hypercalcemia with a low percentage of leukemic cells (5 patients). In this group the median survival time was only 3 months despite various modes of treatment. In contrast, patients of the second group exhibited a low percentage of abnormal lymphoid cells (WBC less than 20,000/microliter and/or leukemic cells less than 30%) and had no hypercalcemia (8 patients). Their clinical course was chronic with a median survival of 8 months, regardless of modalities of treatment. Two patients went through a period when the number of circulating leukemic cells was low (less than or equal to 5%) before overt leukemia appeared. Other clinical features, signs, symptoms, routine laboratory data, serum anti-ATL-associated antibody, cell membrane markers and cytogenetic studies were similar to those observed in other districts of Kyushu island.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

HTLV-I carriers among migrants from an ATL-endemic area to ATL non-endemic metropolitan areas in Japan.

The prevalence of antibodies against HTLV-I among Kyushu natives aged 16 to 39 years who moved from Nagasaki and Kagoshima prefectures to Aichi prefecture (a non-endemic area for ATL) was compared by their cities or counties of birth. The positive rate of anti-HTLV-I antibody was 2.4% (II/400) among Nagasaki natives, 6.4% (20/312) among Kagoshima natives and 4.0% (31/772) for both combined. There was a slight difference in the positive rate of anti-HTLV-I antibody between Kyushu natives from cities (3.3%) and from counties (4.5%). In county areas, the prevalence of anti-HTLV-I antibodies among migrants from areas of relatively higher mortality for malignant lymphomas (7.5%) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than among persons from lower mortality areas (1.9%). Most "positive" persons had moved from Kyushu to Aichi prefecture between the ages of 15 and 18 years. The results of the present study suggest that: there is a considerable number of HTLV-I carriers among Kyushu natives who have settled in ATL non-endemic areas, especially among those born in regions of Kyushu district which have a high mortality rate for malignant lymphomas; and that Kyushu natives who had settled in metropolitan areas might have been exposed to HTLV-I during childhood in their birthplace.

Adolescent↗