Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ABDOMEN”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Pharmacokinetics and metabolic effects of growth hormone injected subcutaneously in growth hormone deficient patients: thigh versus abdomen.

OBJECTIVE: The absorption of insulin following subcutaneous (s.c.) injection is faster in the abdomen than the thigh. We therefore studied the effect of changing the site of injection on the absorption and metabolic effects of human growth hormone. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: In a cross-over study human GH (Norditropin) was injected s.c. in the thigh or abdomen in random order. Ultrasonography of the thigh and abdomen was performed in order to evaluate the thickness of the s.c. tissue. After each treatment period (4 weeks), serum profiles of GH, IGF-I, IGF binding proteins 1 and 3 (IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3), glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyrate, alanine, lactate and glucagon were measured for 37 hours after GH injection (3 IU/m2 at 1900 hour). PATIENTS: Nine GH deficient patients (five males, four females). RESULTS: The mean (+/- SEM) thickness of the s.c. tissue (mm) was higher on the abdominal site (9.35 +/- 1.38 (thigh), and 22.61 +/- 2.19 (abdomen), P < 0.001). Mean (+/- SEM) integrated levels (area under the curves (AUC) divided by time) of GH (mU/l) were identical: 5.54 +/- 0.70 (thigh) versus 5.48 +/- 0.64 (abdomen) (P = 0.91). AUC (mU/l) for the initial 6 hours were, however, significantly different (14.10 +/- 3.76 (thigh) and 19.02 +/- 3.18 (abdomen), P = 0.02). Maximal serum concentration (Cmax) (mU/l) 23.18 +/- 3.86 (thigh) and 29.66 +/- 4.78 (abdomen) (P = 0.19) was achieved faster (Tmax) following injection in the abdomen. Tmax (hours) was 5.89 +/- 0.41 (thigh) and 4.26 +/- 0.49 (abdomen) (P < 0.002). Mean IGF-I levels (microgram/l) were unaffected by GH injection sites (355 +/- 60 (thigh) and 365 +/- 63 (abdomen), P = 0.61). Mean IGFBP-3 levels (microgram/l) were significantly different (2100 +/- 143 (thigh), and 2350 +/- 176 (abdomen), P = 0.05). Mean levels of IGFBP-1, insulin, glucose, lipid intermediates, metabolites and glucagon were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Human GH was absorbed faster when injected s.c. in the abdomen as compared with the thigh, despite the thicker s.c. tissue on the abdomen. Apart from higher IGFBP-3 levels after s.c. injections in the abdomen, similar metabolic effects of GH were obtained with the two injection sites.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2001

Transmission of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) to Litopenaeus vannamei from infected cephalothorax, abdomen, or whole shrimp cadaver.

Shrimp viruses can remain infectious in frozen shrimp tissue and have been found in frozen commodity shrimp. Therefore, the threat of viral outbreaks in wild and cultured shrimp via frozen commodity shrimp exists. Because frozen shrimp are imported with and without the cephalothorax, more knowledge is needed concerning the infectivity of a cephalothorax relative to that of an abdomen. We compared the mortality rates from shrimp exposed to a WSSV-infected cephalothorax, abdomen, or whole shrimp cadaver. Estimates of transmission coefficients from the exposures to the infected cephalothorax, abdomen, or whole shrimp were also calculated because the transmission coefficients account for differences in the initial doses. In addition, we compared the variability in infectivity of pieces of shrimp by feeding 24 equal-sized pieces of cephalothorax and abdomen to 24 individually isolated shrimp. In Expt 1, susceptible shrimp did not completely consume the infected abdomen, and a significant difference was detected among shrimp exposed to the abdomen (mortality rate = 0.40), cephalothorax (mortality rate = 0.75), and whole shrimp cadaver (mortality rate = 0.67). The calculated transmission coefficients were 0.95 from an infected cephalothorax, 0.59 from an infected abdomen, and 0.69 from an infected whole shrimp cadaver. In Expt 2, susceptible shrimp were starved to ensure complete ingestion of each dose. No significant difference was observed in the estimated mortality rates from an infected cephalothorax (0.58), abdomen (0.63), or whole shrimp (0.67). The calculated transmission coefficients were 0.84 from an infected cephalothorax, 0.83 from an infected abdomen, and 0.60 from an infected whole shrimp cadaver. In Expt 3, no difference was observed in the mortality rates resulting from exposures to pieces of infected cephalothorax (0.57) or abdomen (0.58). Our results suggested that there was no difference in the viral loads of a WSSV-infected cephalothorax or abdomen, but that the cephalothorax was more infectious, probably because it was more palatable. In addition, our results are inconsistent with some assumptions of pathogen transmission used in epidemiological models. Some shrimp may be less aggressive feeders; therefore, susceptible shrimp are differentially contacting the dead infected shrimp in the exposure tanks, violating the random mixing assumption. Moreover, virus is probably not homogeneously distributed throughout an infected shrimp, suggesting that contacts between susceptible and infected shrimp are not equally likely to result in transmission.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Abdominal compartment syndrome in the open abdomen.

BACKGROUND: Multiple methods exist to manage in the intensive care unit the patient with an open abdomen. An increasingly common method is the vacuum packed technique. This method accommodates considerable expansion of intra-abdominal contents and should obviate the potential development of the abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). Despite this, some patients with these temporary abdominal dressings will go on to develop ACS. For the purpose of this study we have defined this clinical entity as the open abdomen ACS. HYPOTHESIS: Patients with an open abdomen who develop ACS have a poor prognosis. Fluid requirements and resuscitative indices may predict which of these patients will develop open abdomen ACS. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of patients with trauma who had an open abdomen treated with vacuum packed dressings at our urban level I trauma center. Over 1 year (July 1, 1999-June 30, 2000), 5 patients managed with an open abdomen developed ACS. These patients were compared with 15 consecutive patients with an open abdomen who did not develop clinical ACS during that same period. Fluid resuscitation, base deficit, pH, lactate level, systolic blood pressure, prothrombin time, temperature, peak inspiratory pressure, and PCO(2) were abstracted. The Fisher exact test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In patients managed with an open abdomen, ACS developed between 1.5 and 12 hours (mean [SD], 7.5 [3.9] hours) after placement of the vacuum packed dressing. The base deficit, pH, peak inspiratory pressure, PCO(2,) and lactate level were more abnormal and the crystalloid requirements were significantly higher in the ACS group. The systolic blood pressure, temperature, and prothrombin time did not differ between groups. Three patients with ACS developed a second episode of ACS. Mortality in the ACS group was 3 (60%) of 5 patients vs 1 (7%) of 15 patients in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Management of the open abdomen with the temporary abdominal closure does not prevent the development of ACS. Mortality is high when ACS occurs in this scenario. Severe physiologic derangement and high crystalloid requirements may predict which patients will develop ACS.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1988

Computed tomography of the brain, chest, and abdomen in the preoperative assessment of non-small cell lung cancer.

The benefit to be gained from carrying out computed tomography of brain and abdomen in addition to the chest has been evaluated retrospectively in 114 consecutive patients with non-small cell lung cancer who, on the basis of history, clinical examination, chest radiography, and bronchoscopy had been considered potentially operable. Computed tomography of the chest showed potentially inoperable tumour in 37 patients, of whom 25 had tumour confined to the chest. Three patients were shown to have malignant disease within the mediastinum and abdomen; five within the mediastinum and brain; and four within the mediastinum, abdomen, and brain. Computed tomography of the abdomen disclosed deposits in nine patients, but in only two were the abnormalities restricted to the abdomen. Computed tomography of the brain showed metastases in 10 patients, of whom only one had metastatic disease confined to the brain. Thus three patients had isolated deposits in the abdomen and brain. In 12 patients the identification of metastases in the abdomen and brain removed the need for mediastinoscopy. Preoperative computed tomography of the abdomen and brain detected occult metastases in 15 patients (13%) in this study. In three patients the extrathoracic abnormality proved the only contraindication to surgery, but in the other 12 it provided valuable corroborative evidence of incurability and facilitated the assessment of the mediastinal abnormality.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Acute abdomen in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To calculate the frequency of acute abdomen in pregnancy due to non-obstetric causes in a Saudi population, to discuss the etiology of the high incidence, to discuss how pregnancy altered the symptomatology of acute abdomen and to evaluate the result of early surgical intervention and use of tocolytics on maternal and fetal health. DESIGN: Retrospective analytic study of all cases of acute abdomen in pregnancy admitted between 1/1/1991 and 31/12/1993 to evaluate the result of early surgical intervention and use of tocolytics. SETTING: The surgical wards of Asir Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia. SUBJECTS: Sixty pregnant Saudi females who were admitted because of acute abdomen due to non-obstetric causes. RESULTS: The frequency of acute abdomen in pregnancy due to non-obstetric causes in this population is 0.39% which is high in comparison to other studies and the etiology is multifactorial. Resemblance of early acute abdomen symptoms like nausea, vomiting to those of normal pregnancy and the anatomical displacement of abdominal organs by the pregnant uterus greatly masked the clinical picture and enhanced surgical delay awaiting definitive criteria for surgical intervention. This delay significantly increased maternal morbidity (P < 0.05) and resulted in a poor fetal outcome. Those who had early surgical intervention had a better perinatal outcome (P < 0.001) and decreased maternal morbidity (P < 0.05). Although tocolytics were used, they proved to be ineffective, altered the maternal clinical picture and had fetal side-effects. CONCLUSION: There is a higher incidence of acute abdomen in pregnancy and although pregnancy blunted the clinical picture, early surgical intervention resulted in a better perinatal outcome and decreased maternal morbidity. Tocolytics had their side effects and did not improve the fetal outcome.

Abdomen, Acute↗