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PubMed2026

CanDo (Canadian Donor Milk) randomised controlled trial: pasteurised human donor milk supplementation in the well-baby unit - protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Mother's milk is the gold standard for feeding newborns. Despite lactation support while in hospital, supplementation rates remain high in Canadian well-baby units at 35-50%. When supplementation is needed, the choice between formula milk and pasteurised human donor milk (donor milk) remains uncertain with a lack of clinical trials to inform this practice. This study aims to compare the effect of supplementing mother's milk with donor milk versus formula in infants at higher risk for supplementation (infants of diabetic mothers, infants born small for gestational age or with a birth weight less than 2.5 kg and late preterm infants born between 350/7 and 366/7 weeks gestation). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is an ongoing, open-label, single-centre, randomised controlled trial conducted at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada. A total of 112 infants (56 per group) will be randomised to receive donor milk or infant formula as a supplement to mother's milk during their initial hospital stay, when supplementation is deemed necessary by the family and/or healthcare team. The primary outcome is exclusive human milk feeding at 4 months of age. Secondary outcomes include any or exclusive human milk feeding at 1, 2 and 3 months; infant growth and health indicators and breastfeeding self-efficacy. Exploratory outcomes encompass infant temperament; parental mental health (assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale); milk cortisol concentrations; and informal milk sharing comparing donor milk and formula supplementation. Follow-up includes monthly telephone assessments and a virtual or in-person visit at 4 months post partum. Data will be analysed using intention-to-treat principles. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The CanDo trial has received ethics approval from the Mount Sinai Hospital Research Ethics Board and the University of Toronto. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and stakeholder engagement with hospital and public health decision-makers. Findings will address a critical evidence gap regarding the use of donor milk supplementation in well-baby units and may inform future clinical practice and policy in newborn feeding. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06315127.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Domestication-associated reduction of methyl salicylate in tomato root and its significance for resistance to root-knot nematode.

Methyl salicylate (MeSA) plays diverse roles in the aerial parts of plants. By contrast, its biosynthesis and function in roots remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated root MeSA biosynthesis and function in tomato. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed using root MeSA levels as the phenotype in a diversity panel of 167 accessions to identify associated loci. Candidate genes were biochemically characterized, and the role of MeSA in defense against root-knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne incognita) was evaluated using transgenic plants. MeSA was identified as a major root volatile in tomato and showed a domestication-associated reduction. GWAS revealed multiple loci associated with natural variation in root MeSA, including a major locus on Chromosome 9 encoding the salicylic acid methyltransferase (SlSAMT). SlSAMT-overexpressing plants showed reduced resistance to RKNs, whereas SlSAMT-knockdown plants exhibited enhanced resistance. Our results suggest complex roles of MeSA and the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway in belowground plant defense. The SA signaling pathway likely plays critical roles in protecting roots against diverse natural enemies, including RKNs. Nevertheless, RKNs appear to have co-opted MeSA as a host-location signal, and the domestication-associated reduction of root MeSA in tomato has likely contributed to enhanced resistance against RKNs.

Solanum lycopersicum↗

PubMed2026

Maternal Intake of Vitamins A, C, D, and E During Pregnancy and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes in the Child: The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Dietary vitamins play a role in antioxidant defense and immunoregulation. However, prospective studies exploring the association between vitamin intakes during pregnancy and the child's risk of type 1 diabetes are limited. OBJECTIVES: This population-based prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between maternal intake of vitamins A, C, D, and E during pregnancy and risk of type 1 diabetes in children. METHODS: We included 85,244 children born between 2002 and 2009 in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, with follow-up until 31 December, 2021. Maternal intake of vitamins from food and dietary supplements from conception to the 22nd week of pregnancy was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs), adjusting for background factors. RESULTS: During follow-up, 529 (0.6%) children were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at a mean age of 9.4 y (standard deviation: 4.1 y) No associations were observed between maternal pregnancy intake of vitamin A [HR: 0.993; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.983, 1.003/100 μg], vitamin C (HR: 1.000; 95% CI: 0.993, 1.007/10 mg), vitamin D (HR: 0.991; 95% CI: 0.978, 1.003/1 μg), or vitamin E (HR: 0.999; 95% CI: 0.996, 1.004/10 mg) and risk of type 1 diabetes in the child when adjusted for potential confounders. The results were similar when intakes were assessed separately from food and dietary supplements and after restriction to children with human leukocyte antigen DQ2 and/or DQ8 risk haplotypes. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective cohort study does not support the hypothesis that higher maternal intake of vitamins A, C, D, and E during pregnancy would decrease risk of type 1 diabetes in the child. Corroborated with previous evidence, our findings support a general pattern of null associations.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Innovations in microbial physical mutagenesis for food fermentation: An overview from traditional to emerging technologies.

Microbial strains serve as an important factor affecting fermentation efficiency and product quality. To obtain superior strains, mutation breeding is a classic strategy. Compared to chemical mutagenesis, physical mutagenesis directly induces genomic changes, providing notable advantages such as the elimination of chemical residues and environmental sustainability, hence rendering it a favored method for enhancing food-grade microorganisms. Conventional physical mutagenesis mostly depends on UV, rays, high pressure, or space radiation. As physical technologies advance, emerging methods such as ion implantation, plasma, microwave, ultrasound, and pulsed light are widely utilized for genetic modification. Mutagenesis technologies are progressively transitioning from single-effect to multi-effect synergy. Recent evaluations indicate that emerging technologies can enhance microbial mutation efficiency at the application level relative to established technologies. Nonetheless, the systematic clarification and comparative analysis at the mechanistic level remain inadequate, hindering intuitive comprehension of the qualities and distinctions across techniques. Furthermore, physical mutagenesis encounters several significant obstacles, such as cellular damage, limited rates of advantageous mutations, and laborious screening processes. This review carefully elucidates the mechanisms and properties of physical mutagenesis technology and delineates the distinctions among approaches through comparative analysis. Simultaneously, solutions for optimizing mutagenesis are presented to tackle the principal challenges mentioned above. This review aims to offer a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the enhanced application of physical mutagenesis technologies in microbial breeding.

Mutagenesis↗

PubMed2026

Identification and formation pathways of oxidation products of chlorinated paraffins during ozonation in municipal wastewater.

Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) cannot be efficiently removed by conventional water treatment processes and are continually discharged into the aqueous environment. Ozonation can effectively remove lipophilic and persistent pollutants. However, the degradation behaviors of short-chain CPs (SCCPs), medium-chain CPs (MCCPs), and long-chain CPs (LCCPs) in wastewater during the ozonation process remained unknown. In this study, ozonation treatment achieved removal efficiencies of 61 % for SCCPs, 66 % for MCCPs, and 51 % for LCCPs from wastewater within 30 min. Approximately 147 oxidative products of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs were non-targeted identified through Ph4PCl-enhanced ionization with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. These oxidation products were structurally classified into three categories: carbon chain breakage (53 products), HCl-elimination (27 products), and hydroxylation (67 products). Twenty-three di-hydroxylated CPs were newly identified among the products. Hydroxylation was the predominant pathway for SCCPs, producing di-hydroxylated SCCPs ((OH)₂-SCCPs) with a higher generation rate constant (KG = 22.28 × 10⁻² min⁻¹) compared to other products. MCCPs and LCCPs mainly underwent carbon chain breakage and hydroxylation, generating shorter carbon chain congeners, (OH)2-SCCPs, and di-hydroxylated MCCPs ((OH)2-MCCPs). The KG values of (OH)2-SCCPs (10.56 × 10-2 min-1) and (OH)2-MCCPs (12.05 × 10-2 min-1) generated from the MCCPs were the highest, and the KG values of MCCPs (6.49 × 10-2 min-1), SCCPs (6.27 × 10-2 min-1), and (OH)2-SCCPs (4.74 × 10-2 min-1) generated from the LCCPs were higher than those of other products. These results comprehensively clarify the oxidation efficiencies and pathways of CPs during ozonation. Future studies must explore the potential risks associated with the oxidation products.

Water Pollutants, Chemical↗

PubMed2026

Application of 13C MRS demonstrates carbohydrate feeding spares muscle but not liver glycogen utilization during high-intensity interval exercise.

We examined liver and muscle glycogen utilization during high-intensity interval cycling, and the impact of carbohydrate (CHO) feeding, using noninvasive 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Following 24 h of standardized dietary intake, nine male cyclists completed 8 × 5-min intervals (1-min recovery), ingesting either placebo (PLA), 60 g maltodextrin (CHO), or 60 g maltodextrin plus caffeine, taurine, l-theanine, l-citrulline, and citicoline (CHO+) in a randomized crossover design. 13C MRS and 1H imaging were performed pre- and postexercise to determine liver and muscle glycogen and liver volume, respectively. Liver glycogen utilization was not significantly different between trials (P = 0.101) despite lower postexercise plasma glucagon concentrations in CHO and CHO+ (P = 0.001). In contrast, muscle glycogen utilization was significantly lower (∼40%) with CHO feeding compared with PLA (P = 0.006), yet this sparing effect was not evident with CHO+ (P = 0.073) in accordance with a higher mean power output during the late intervals (+2.8%, P = 0.046). Plasma glucose was comparable between trials (P = 0.175), whereas plasma lactate was higher in CHO+ versus CHO (P = 0.003), alongside lower blood bicarbonate (P = 0.005), base excess (P < 0.001), and total CO2 (P = 0.004). These findings demonstrate preferential use of skeletal muscle glycogen during high-intensity interval training (HIIT), which is attenuated under conditions of CHO feeding. This sparing effect is, however, not evident with the coingestion of a caffeine-containing multi-ingredient blend, potentially due to an increased capacity to sustain higher power outputs resulting in greater glycogen utilization.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using 13C MRS, we provide data demonstrating preferential use of skeletal muscle glycogen during HIIT. Furthermore, data show muscle glycogen utilization is attenuated with CHO feeding, yet sparing is not evident when coingesting a caffeine-containing formulation, potentially reflecting increased capacity to perform more total work rather than a direct metabolic effect of caffeine. In contrast, liver glycogen utilization was not significantly different with CHO feeding despite a modest reduction of ∼5 g versus placebo.

Male↗

PubMed2026

Complete Revascularization Guided by Functional Coronary Angiography in STEMI.

BACKGROUND: Complete coronary-artery revascularization is recommended in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel disease, but the preferred strategy for identifying nonculprit lesions that warrant treatment remains uncertain. METHODS: In this international, randomized trial, we assigned patients with STEMI and multivessel disease in whom the culprit lesion had been successfully treated to undergo complete coronary-artery revascularization guided by functional coronary angiography (physiology-guided group) or by conventional angiography (angiography-guided group). The primary outcome was a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident (stroke or transient ischemic attack), or ischemia-driven revascularization, assessed in a time-to-event analysis. The primary safety outcome was a composite of contrast-associated acute kidney injury or major bleeding. RESULTS: A total of 1823 patients underwent randomization; 913 were assigned to the physiology-guided group and 910 assigned to the angiography-guided group. The median age of the patients was 66 years (interquartile range, 58 to 76), and 24% were women. At a median follow-up of 17.9 months, a primary-outcome event had occurred in 81 patients (8.9%) in the physiology-guided group and in 125 patients (13.7%) in the angiography-guided group (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47 to 0.83; P<0.001). A primary-safety-outcome event occurred in 42 patients (4.6%) in the physiology-guided group and in 65 patients (7.1%) in the angiography-guided group (hazard ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.93; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with STEMI and multivessel coronary artery disease, a strategy of complete coronary-artery revascularization guided by functional coronary angiography resulted in a lower risk of a primary-outcome event (death, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, or ischemia-driven revascularization) than a strategy guided by conventional angiography. (Funded by the Italian Health Ministry and others; AIR-STEMI ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05818475.).

Aged↗

PubMed2026

Spatially confined electrochemical strategy with DNA-assembled nanogaps for SNP detection.

Accurate detection of low-abundance single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) against a large excess of homologous wild-type sequences requires both selective molecular recognition and effective transduction of small sequence differences into measurable signals. Here, we report a spatially confined electrochemical strategy that couples sequence-selective recognition with size-dependent mass-transport gating. DNA-hybridization-driven self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) forms a three-dimensional self-assembled electrode (3D-SAE) with a DNA-defined interparticle architecture. Competitive probes (SP/WP) convert single-base recognition into distinct molecular-size states: the SNP-associated pathway preferentially triggers a hybridization chain reaction (HCR), generating bulky AuNP-anchored HCR/methylene blue complexes (Au@HCR/MB) with reduced electrochemical accessibility through the porous 3D-SAE, whereas the wild-type pathway does not trigger HCR and maintains a high-current response from more readily accessible MB-containing species. Thus, sequence recognition is translated into a molecular-size difference and subsequently into an electrochemical signal through differential mass transport. Under buffer conditions, the platform achieved a statistically estimated detection limit of ∼0.47 fM and a quantitative range of 1 fM-100 pM. It discriminated a 0.1% mutant abundance in a fragmented genomic-DNA background. The downstream signal-transduction chemistry is enzyme-free and isothermal. This work establishes a mechanistical recognition-size-conversion-mass-transport-gating architecture for electrochemical nucleic acid analysis.

Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide↗

PubMed2026

Using Organoids to Unlock the Potential of Human Torpor for Spaceflight.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This paper reviews the current understanding of the potential for humans to enter a state of torpor/hibernation, and discusses the possibility of inducing torpor in astronauts for long-duration space travel, including some of the physiological, technological, and ethical considerations associated with its implementation. By exploring means to induce torpor in various human organoid systems, we hope such research can provides insights to comprehensive solutions to overcome some of the major hurdles that limit the potential for human to enter a state of torpor during long-duration deep-space missions, and contribute to the ongoing efforts to make such missions more feasible and safer for astronauts. RECENT FINDINGS: On future deep space missions such as NASA's planned missions to the Moon, Mars, and near-Earth asteroids, astronauts will be continuously exposed to environments that are radically different from those on Earth, each presenting multiple logistical and physiological challenges. Beyond the well-documented physiological effects of microgravity, space travelers will encounter a complex radiation environment that may contribute to significant short- and long-term adverse effects on human physiology and increase the risk of cancer and other diseases. Besides these physical challenges, life support systems must also be designed to mitigate psychological impacts of long-term isolation and confinement - all of which collectively pose formidable engineering problems. Hibernation/torpor is a state of prolonged inactivity and metabolic depression used by a wide variety of mammals to survive periods of cold temperatures and food scarcity, including some primates and perhaps even an extinct early line of hominins that lived nearly half a million years ago. Since modern humans share common ancestry with these hominins and hibernating primates, it is likely the human genome encodes the necessary genetic information to hibernate, or at least enter the similar, more transient state of torpor. The reduced body activity, lowered metabolism, and decreased energy requirements that characterize torpor suggest that developing means of inducing such a state in astronauts could address these challenges, including providing a degree of radioprotection. SUMMARY: This review explores the potential application of human torpor as a countermeasure to address the many challenges posed by long-duration spaceflight beyond low-Earth orbit (LEO), discusses various natural hibernating model systems for studying means of inducing a torpor-like state in humans, and highlights the vast potential of using human organoids to test and validate mechanisms that govern induction and maintenance of torpor to identify the means to one day safely induce this state in astronauts to provide additional protection from the myriad stressors of spaceflight.

Astronaut Health↗

PubMed2026

Automated CEAP Classification of Venous Duplex Reports Using Multimodal Artificial Intelligence.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and internally validate a prototype multimodal artificial intelligence system for automated CEAP (Clinical, Etiological, Anatomical and Pathophysiological) classification of venous duplex ultrasound (VDUS) reports, integrating natural language processing of free-text components with computer vision analysis of hand-drawn anatomical diagrams. METHODS: Single centre retrospective observational study using routinely collected clinical data. One thousand consecutive venous duplex ultrasound reports from Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK (July 2024 - May 2025) were labelled according to the CEAP classification, excluding the Etiological component, which could not be reliably determined from duplex reports alone. Transfer learning was applied using ClinicalBERT for text and MobileNetV3 for diagrammatic data. Clinical classes were predicted from request line text. Text- and image-based pathophysiological models were developed for four anatomical territories (Great Saphenous Vein, Small Saphenous Vein, Deep system, Perforators), combined using late fusion with probability averaging. RESULTS: The clinical CEAP model achieved accuracy of 0.91, macro-F1 of 0.82, and macro-AUC of 0.98. Pathophysiological prediction varied, with text models broadly outperforming image models. Fusion yielded heterogeneous benefits, improving SSV performance but reducing Deep system accuracy. The performance of the final pathophysiological CEAP fusion models varied across anatomical territories: accuracy ranged from 0.70-0.92 and macro-AUC from 0.80-0.92. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the feasibility of automated CEAP classification from VDUS reports. Despite class imbalance affecting minority class predictions, the strong discriminatory performance validates this multimodal ML model for extracting clinically meaningful information from real-world data. This approach offers potential, pending external validation, to streamline vascular services through automated triage and guideline-compliant decision making.

Artificial intelligence↗

PubMed2026

Stage-specific ROMO1 in rheumatoid arthritis: predictive immune insights into the MIF pathway and HLA-DR/IL2RA axis via integrated GWAS, transcriptomic, single-cell, and spatial profiling.

Emerging evidence links reactive oxygen species modulator 1 (ROMO1), a key mitochondrial ROS regulator, to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. However, its exact mechanism remains elusive given the conflicting evidence about its specific function. We used a four-level integrative framework combining multi-omics data and literature‑supported mechanistic inference. At the genetic level, Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to explore potential causal relationships between ROMO1, IL2RA, HLA-DR, MIF, and RA risk, followed by differential expression analysis and machine learning-based feature selection to identify key mROS genes. The temporal expression dynamics of ROMO1 were assessed in RA progression. At the cellular and tissue levels, we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to map cell-type-specific expression and synovial localization of ROMO1-related immune cells and pathways. Finally, our multi-omics findings were contextualized with literature-supported mechanistic inference. (1) MR results were consistent with a potential protective effect of ROMO1 on RA (OR = 0.52) and its potential regulation of risk factors IL2RA (OR = 0.46) and HLA-DR (OR = 0.40). Conversely, IL2RA (OR = 1.42), HLA-DR (OR = 1.88), and MIF (OR = 1.17) were positively associated with RA risk. Additionally, ROMO1 was identified as a top candidate diagnostic predictor with stage-specific dynamics: downregulated in the early but upregulated in the late/remission stages. (2) Single-cell RNA sequencing showed ROMO1's cell-specific expression in CD14+ HLA-DR+ CD74+ monocytes and CD4+ IL2RA+ T cells. Cell communication analysis further suggested that these cells may participate in MIF pathway regulation. Spatial transcriptomics subsequently identified that ROMO1-related cells localized to synovial pathological regions, with MIF pathway changes correlated with RA progression. (3) Finally, literature-supported mechanistic inference suggests that ROMO1 may modulate mROS levels to promote anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization, which could theoretically contribute to reduced systemic inflammation and the alleviation of multi-organ decline in RA. This integrated multi-omics investigation, supported by literature-based mechanistic inference, suggests ROMO1 as a stage-dependent biomarker candidate and potential immune regulator in RA.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Identification and functional analysis of MeJA-responsive bHLH family genes in Taraxacum kok-saghyz.

Taraxacum kok-saghyz (T. kok-saghyz) is considered a highly promising alternative source of natural rubber (NR), as its roots synthesize high-molecular-weight NR comparable to that produced by Hevea brasiliensis. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors (TFs) plays crucial roles in plant organogenesis, hormonal signal transduction, and the regulation of secondary metabolism. This study aimed to systematically identify TkbHLH family members and to elucidate their potential functions in responding to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and regulating root development. Based on the T. kok-saghyz genome, 172 TkbHLH members were identified and phylogenetically classified into 16 subfamilies. Among these, 37 genes were selected due to their significant induction by MeJA. Sequence analysis confirmed all encoded proteins contain the conserved bHLH domain. Subcellular localization verified nuclear localization of five core TkbHLH proteins. Interactions were shown by yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation, revealing these proteins form homodimers and heterodimers. Notably, a specific interaction was detected between TkbHLH162 and TkHMGS1, a key enzyme in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, suggesting a potential molecular link between JA signaling and the rubber biosynthesis precursor pathway. Functional characterization via overexpression assays showed that selected TkbHLH genes significantly either promoted or inhibited root elongation. In summary, this study presents the first systematic characterization of the bHLH TF family in T. kok-saghyz, elucidating its involvement in JA signal response, protein interaction networks, and root development regulation. These findings provide a crucial foundation for further investigation into the molecular mechanisms by which TkbHLH TFs influence root morphogenesis and NR biosynthesis in T. kok-saghyz.

Taraxacum kok-saghyz (T. kok-saghyz)↗

PubMed2026

Comprehensive multi-post-translational modifications profiling reveals age-associated remodeling in skeletal muscle.

Sarcopenia, characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is a major hallmark of aging. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play essential roles in regulating protein activity and cellular homeostasis; however, how multiple PTMs are remodeled during skeletal muscle aging remains incompletely characterized. Here, we performed comprehensive multi-layered proteomic profiling of skeletal muscle from young (3-month-old) and aged (24-month-old) mice, systematically quantifying the global proteome together with five major PTMs: acetylation, phosphorylation, N-glycosylation, O-glycosylation, and ubiquitination. In total, we identified 5 337 proteins and mapped thousands of PTM sites, generating an integrated atlas of age-associated proteomic and PTM remodeling in skeletal muscle. Pathway enrichment analyses revealed distinct modification-specific patterns: acetylation and phosphorylation were predominantly associated with metabolic and mitochondrial-related pathways; N-glycosylation was enriched in immune- and secretory pathway-related processes; O-glycosylation was associated with muscle contraction-related pathways; and ubiquitination was preferentially linked to cytoskeletal organization in muscle cells. Correlation analyses further uncovered diverse association patterns among different PTMs across protein- and modification-level datasets. Phosphorylation and ubiquitination exhibited consistent positive associations, whereas acetylation and ubiquitination showed both inverse and concordant co-variation patterns across subsets of proteins. Phosphorylation and O-glycosylation displayed heterogeneous association patterns across different proteins, and acetylation and phosphorylation demonstrated positive correlations with distinct age-associated directional changes across protein subsets. Together, these results provide a comprehensive, multi-dimensional view of age-associated remodeling of the skeletal muscle proteome and multiple PTM layers, offering a valuable resource for understanding molecular alterations accompanying muscle aging and sarcopenia.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Dynamic lysine acetylation and succinylation of platelet proteins regulates platelet storage lesion: mechanistic insights from multi-omics.

OBJECTIVES: Platelet storage lesion (PSL) severely impairs platelet function during storage, presenting a major hurdle in transfusion medicine; however, the dynamic interplay between global proteomic changes and post-translational modifications (PTMs) underlying these functional deteriorations remains insufficiently characterized. Here, we report the first comprehensive multi-omics analysis integrating global proteomics, acetylomics, and succinylomics to dissect the molecular dynamics during platelet storage. METHODS: We performed quantification of global proteomics, acetylome and succinylome based on TMT-labeled LC-MS/MS analysis, combined with antibody-affinity enrichment and purification. Dynamic molecular changes and functional transformation of platelet were also characterized under proper conditions stored for 1, 3, 5, 7 days, respectively. RESULTS: We systematically characterized 3,609 proteins, 1,308 acetylation sites, and 1,947 succinylation sites across multiple storage time points (D1, D3, D5, D7). We distinct temporal patterns of post-translational modifications, with succinylation showing more extensive coverage than acetylation in platelets. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed extensive metabolic reprogramming involving complement activation, energy metabolism, and cellular detoxification processes. The identification of specific motif patterns provided mechanistic insights into the functional specificity of these modifications. Random forest machine learning identified 20 core regulatory proteins representing critical nodes in PSL development. Furthermore, we employed real - time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT - QPCR) to measure the expression levels of key genes related to platelet function and PTM - associated pathways. CONCLUSION: By mapping the interplay between proteomic abundance shifts and PTM dynamics, this study provides a multidimensional understanding of PSL, establishing a foundational framework for optimizing storage protocols and enhancing transfusion safety.

Blood Platelets↗

PubMed2026

Temporal proteomic analysis reveals a three-phase adaptation strategy in Phytophthora cinnamomi during salinity stress.

Phytophthora cinnamomi, a highly invasive hemibiotrophic oomycete, threatens global agriculture, forestry, and native ecosystems. Although drought and temperature effects on P. cinnamomi-host interactions are well studied, current knowledge of abiotic stress responses in P. cinnamomi remains largely centered on infection and phytopathology, with limited molecular insight into the pathogen's direct response to salinity independent of its host. To address this gap, we combined growth assays, time-resolved proteomics, and network analysis to define how P. cinnamomi responds and adapts to salinity exposure. Growth assays showed that NaCl-modified agar enhanced mycelial expansion in a concentration-dependent manner, with 100 mM NaCl significantly increasing growth at 48, 72, and 96 h compared with controls, while 50 mM NaCl remained comparable to control conditions. Temporal proteomic analysis of 100 mM NaCl treatment at 0, 1, 6, 12, and 24 h post treatment revealed dynamic shifts in protein abundance. Early induction of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species)-detoxifying enzymes, including glutathione S-transferases and peroxidases, was consistent with ROS-specific staining assays. Network analysis identified modules enriched for redox regulation, ATP generation, ion transport, and translational control, highlighting multi-layered adaptation to elevated NaCl levels. Notably, clusters of conserved hypothetical proteins were strongly upregulated, indicating unexplored stress tolerance components in Phytophthora species. Here, we propose that P. cinnamomi rapidly activates a three-phase strategy involving metabolism readjustments, redox defenses, and cellular structure alterations under salinity conditions. With increasing soil salinization due to climate change, our study provides first mechanistic insights into P. cinnamomi's adaptive plasticity and ecological resilience to abiotic stress. SIGNIFICANCE: This study represents the first temporal proteomic analysis of salinity stress adaptation in Phytophthora cinnamomi, revealing a sophisticated three-phase adaptation strategy. This research fundamentally advances our understanding of how this globally destructive plant pathogen, P. cinnamomi, maintains environmental resilience. Our findings reveal proteome remodelling as a mechanistic framework for understanding stress tolerance in oomycetes, a group of microorganisms responsible for some of the world's most destructive agricultural and forest diseases. Our results show proteins involved in emergency damage control through metabolic recalibration to sustained adaptation. These findings have relevance for predicting pathogen behavior under climate change scenarios, where increasing soil salinity threatens agricultural productivity while simultaneously enhancing pathogen survival and virulence. Understanding how P. cinnamomi responds to prolonged salinity exposure may inform targeted biocontrol strategies and improve predictive models of disease pressure in salt-affected agricultural regions. The temporal analysis framework we present offers a broadly applicable approach for understanding microbial stress adaptation, with implications extending beyond plant pathology to environmental microbiology and biotechnology applications where stress tolerance is paramount.

Phytophthora↗

PubMed2026

Increasing gut short-chain fatty acids protects intestinal barrier function but does not spare muscle glycogen or impact aerobic performance.

Animal studies suggest gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) provide an intestinal barrier-protecting, glycogen-sparing energy source that increases aerobic endurance performance, but confirmation in humans is needed. This study aimed to determine whether increasing colonic SCFA availability impacts intestinal barrier function, substrate metabolism, muscle glycogen and aerobic performance in healthy adults. Using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design 12 active men (age 18-30 years;40.0 ± 7.1 mL/kg/min) performed prescribed exercise and consumed a provided diet supplemented with acetylated and butyrylated high-amylose maize starch engineered to deliver SCFA to the colon (HAMS-A/B) or low-amylose maize starch (LAMS) for 7 days, separated by a 2 week washout. Indirect calorimetry, stable isotopes and blood, muscle and urine biomarkers were measured on intervention day 8 while participants completed 90 min of steady-state cycle ergometry (ExSS; 60 ± 5%) followed by a 5 km treadmill time trial. HAMS-A/B, relative to LAMS, increased faecal and serum SCFA. Multiple markers of intestinal barrier damage and permeability were lower, and the respiratory exchange ratio during ExSS was higher (0.02 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 0.03], Ptreatment < 0.001) following HAMS-A/B versus LAMS. However no between-treatment difference in glucose turnover, muscle glycogen depletion (14 µmol/kg/g dry wt. [95% CI: -116, 143], Pinteractio n = 0.613) or TT performance (5 s [95%CI: -44, 54], Ptreatment = 0.816) was observed. Increasing colonic and circulating SCFA modestly altered substrate oxidation and preserved intestinal barrier function during endurance exercise. However effects were not sufficient to spare muscle glycogen or increase aerobic endurance performance, leaving the practical relevance unclear and underscoring challenges inherent in translating promising preclinical findings to humans. KEY POINTS: Animal studies suggest gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) provide an intestinal barrier-protecting, glycogen-sparing energy source that increases aerobic endurance performance, but confirmation in humans is lacking. A gut microbiota-targeted dietary supplementation strategy was used to deliver SCFA to the colon and successfully increased colonic and systemic SCFA concentrations in healthy, physically active adults before and during an endurance exercise bout and aerobic performance test. Increasing colonic and systemic SCFA availability preserved intestinal barrier function but did not impact glucose turnover, alter protein expression in muscle or spare muscle glycogen during endurance exercise. Increasing colonic and systemic SCFA availability did not impact aerobic endurance performance.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A Systematic Review of Lived Experiences of Receiving a Diagnosis of ADHD in Adulthood.

OBJECTIVE: With rising numbers of adults seeking and receiving ADHD diagnoses, understanding their first-hand experiences of the diagnostic process is key for sensitive support and service design. This systematic review collates, evaluates and synthesises the existing evidence-base on lived experiences of adult ADHD diagnosis. METHOD: Keyword searches of six databases generated 10,357 citations, which were subjected to a systematic screening process that identified 21 relevant studies. Findings were analysed using thematic synthesis. RESULTS: Analysis generated three overarching themes, elaborating how diagnostic experiences are shaped by adults' Relationship with Self, Relationship with Others, and Relationship with Systems. Personally, diagnosis was widely experienced as a pivotal identity event, triggering biographical reflection that could foster greater self-compassion, but also grief, anger and identity confusion. Socially, diagnosis facilitated interpersonal understanding and communication, but also exposed adults to stigma and introduced dilemmas about diagnostic disclosure. Systemically, adults experienced the diagnostic process as beset by barriers and delays, and reported highly variable access to post-diagnosis supports or treatment. CONCLUSION: Results suggest receiving an ADHD diagnosis in adulthood is a complex relational process that can be both validating and destabilising, with variation in experiences resulting from individual biographies, interpersonal resources, stigma climates, and service structures.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The Role of Artificial Intelligence for Intimate Partner Violence Prevention: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: Intimate partner violence (IPV), encompassing physical, sexual, emotional and economic abuse, remains a pervasive global health concern. Traditional prevention efforts face obstacles such as underreporting, delayed detection and limited personalised support. Emerging artificial intelligence (AI) approaches offer new opportunities to enhance IPV prevention. AIM: This systematic review maps and synthesises evidence on AI-driven tools in IPV prevention based on studies published between 2004 and 2024. METHODS: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and PROSPERO registration, we searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, IEEE Xplore and Web of Science. Eligible studies explicitly evaluated AI technologies targeting IPV prediction, screening, intervention or support delivery. Study quality was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). RESULTS: Of 1304 records initially identified, 41 studies met eligibility criteria. AI applications ranged from machine learning (ML) for risk prediction and natural language processing (NLP) for IPV detection in clinical and social media data, to image analysis for forensic evaluation and chatbot-based support. Predictive modelling demonstrated strong discriminative performance, while NLP-based screening detected IPV with notable sensitivity. Chatbots showed feasibility and user acceptability, but evidence of their direct impact on reducing IPV incidence was limited, with one randomised controlled trial showing a modest reduction. Key challenges identified included algorithmic bias, data privacy risks and barriers to integration across health and social care systems. DISCUSSION: AI-informed interventions show promise for improving IPV detection, risk assessment, and scalable support, but questions remain about long-term effectiveness, ethical fairness, transparency and equitable implementation. Future interdisciplinary research should address these concerns to responsibly deploy AI in IPV prevention. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The findings highlight the importance of trauma-informed, culturally responsive care and provider training in AI applications. Nurse-led innovation and policy advocacy will be crucial for safe, equitable integration of AI in IPV prevention.

Artificial Intelligence↗