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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Anastomosis of hypoglossal-facial nerves by modified May technique].

Facial palsy is a unpleasant disorder, which handicaps habitual vital movements and the expression of the face. There are many surgical techniques, which use the neighboring nerve fibers to reanimate the face, such as the end to end or side to end anastomosis with hypoglosal, glosopharyngeal, axesorius, or mandibular nerves. The donor fiber can be derived from homolateral or heterolateral side. The reconstruction can be completed by cosmetic surgery using parietal muscle or free muscular flaps. The authors wanted to present the modified May technique described by Darrouzet with the rerouting of the facial nerve in the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. This procedure aimed at elongation of the facial nerve stumps with simultaneous rerouting of the facial nerve. Three temporal bone blocks with adjacent tissues were taken from cadavers. The temporal bones were dissected under operating microscope ZEISS OPM 11. The standard set of instruments for the ear microsurgery was used. As the first step retroauricular incision and large antromastoidectomy were performed. The facial nerve was found and exposed in its mastoid portion, then rerouted out of the temporal bone. The length of the isolated nerve stump was measured. The photos were also taken as documentation. The length of the prolonged nerve stump was 13 mm in each case. After adding to this value the length of the trunk, i.e. the portion between stylomastoid foramen and pes anserinus, the fragments of rerouted nerve were elongated up to 21 mm. This distance allowed for performing the facial-hypoglosal anastomosis using only one neuroraphy without increased tension.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Facial nerve paralysis and mandibular fracture].

The authors describe three cases of peripheral facial nerve paralysis in patients with a mandibular fracture. In two cases, in which the onset of palsy was uncertain, the facial nerve injury was contralateral to the fractured side. Topodiagnostic tests showed neural damage at the third intrapetrosal portion and at the genicular ganglion. In one of the two patients tomography revealed a fracture line through the anterio-superior wall of the external auditory canal homolateral to the facial palsy. In the third subject palsy set in immediately after the trauma and was ipsilateral to the mandibular fracture; the facial lesion was localized at the genicular ganglion. In the first two cases, functional recovery was spontaneous (40 and 0 days after the trauma respectively). In the third subject, the nerve was decompressed surgically with a complete functional recovery two months later. The functional and clinical findings of these three cases show that a contralateral facial palsy secondary to a mandibular fracture resolves spontaneously while the traumatic displacement of the mandibular condyle may determine a temporal bone fracture sometimes followed by a lesion in the intratemporal portion of the facial nerve. An event such as the latter may delay functional recovery and thus warrant surgery such as in cases of Bell's palsy.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2004

Meningioma arising from the trigeminal nerve: a case report and literature review.

We report a 69-year-old woman with a meningioma who presented with a 9-month history of progressive facial numbness in the distribution of the left mandibular nerve and left facial palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass in and around the left Meckel's cave (MC). The tumor was totally resected through a lateral suboccipital and subtemporal combined approach. It appeared to be a schwannoma, because it adhered firmly to the cisternal portion of the trigeminal nerve without dural attachment. Histopathological examination revealed that it was a meningothelial meningioma. We concluded that the tumor originated from the arachnoid cap cells within the trigeminal nerve sheath, not from the dura mater in the MC.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of 2-D turbo spin echo and 3-D gradient echo sequences for the detection of the trigeminal nerve and branches anatomy.

The aim of this study was to assess the detectability of the trigeminal nerve and its branches using T1 weighted (w.) 3-D magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE), T2* w. 3D CISS and T2 w. 2-D turbo spin echo MR sequences. Thirty healthy volunteers were examined for this purpose using a 1.5 Tesla MR unit. The detectability of the trigeminal nerve and Gasser's Ganglion, i.e. structures that are surrounded by liquor was best using 3-D CISS. In the case of the ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular nerves, the T1 w. 3-D MPRAGE was significantly better than T2* w. CISS and T2 w. 2-D turbo spin echo. The latter yielded the poorest results. We conclude that both high resolution T2* w. and T1 w. 3-D sequences are necessary in order to detect the liquor-surrounded trigeminal nerve and its soft tissue-surrounded branches. We would therefore recommend the inclusion of constructive interference in steady state (CISS) and MP-RAGE in a MR imaging protocol of the trigeminal nerve and its branches.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Lengthening of mandibular body by gradual surgical-orthodontic distraction.

Lengthening of the mandibular body in two dogs was achieved with a technique that involved osteotomies and the use of an experimental orthodontic appliance; the approximation of the resected mandibular segments was maintained. There was no damage to the mandibular nerve and no conspicuous alterations of the nerve fibers. On the basis of results in experimental studies, the technique is proposed for use in correction of large discrepancies in length in persons with excessive mandibular retrusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Origin of olfactory and rhinosensory evoked cortical potentials in diseases of the central nervous system].

This is the first report to be published on olfactory evoked potentials in patients with well-defined lesions of the central nervous system and the trigeminal nerve. Absence of olfactory evoked potentials is seen in post-central and parietotemporal lesions. The first peak of the so-called olfactory evoked twin potential is absent in lesions of the basal nuclei and sectioning of the trigeminal or ophthalmic nerve, whereas there is no second peak in subcortico-frontal and cortico-temporal lesions. Tumours of the corpus callosum and sectioning of the maxillary and mandibular nerves do not disturb the olfactory evoked potentials. The anatomically different localisation and the functional synergism of the olfactory and trigeminal systems in the perception of odours and the processing of olfactory evoked potentials are pointed out.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Solitary intraosseous neurofibroma of the mandible: report of a case.

A case of solitary intraosseous neurofibroma of the mandible is reported. The tumor was located in the body of the right mandible. Segmental mandibulectomy including the surrounding tissue was performed and the mandible was reconstructed with the free scapular osteocutaneous flap. From histological examination of the resected mandible, typical findings of a tumor invading the adjacent bone along the mandibular nerve were observed. Immunohistochemical examination of the tumor showed positive staining of the tumor cells for anti-S100 protein antibodies. Numerous nerve-like fibers were also noted by Bodian stain.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Innervation pattern of suboesophageal ventral unpaired median neurones in the honeybee brain.

In honeybees (Apis mellifera), the biogenic amine octopamine has been shown to play a role in associative and non-associative learning and in the division of labour in the hive. Immunohistochemical studies indicate that the ventral unpaired median (VUM) neurones in the suboesophageal ganglion (SOG) are putatively octopaminergic and therefore might be involved in the octopaminergic modulation of behaviour. In contrast to our knowledge about the behavioural effects of octopamine, only one neurone (VUMmx1) has been related to a behavioural effect (the reward function during olfactory learning). In this study, we have investigated suboesophageal VUM neurones with fluorescent dye-tracing techniques and intracellular recordings combined with intracellular staining. Ten different VUM neurones have been found including six VUM neurones innervating neuropile regions of the brain and the SOG exclusively (central VUM neurones) and four VUM neurones with axons in peripheral nerves (peripheral VUM neurones). The central VUM neurones innervate the antennal lobes, the protocerebral lobes (including the lateral horn) and the mushroom body calyces. Of these, a novel mandibular VUM neurone, VUMmd1, exhibits the same branching pattern in the brain as VUMmx1 and responds to sucrose and odours in a similar way. The peripheral VUM neurones innervate the antennal and the mandibular nerves. In addition, we describe one labial unpaired median neurone with a dorsal cell body, DUMlb1. The possible homology between the honeybee VUM neurones and the unpaired median neurones in other insects is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Inhibition of physiologic stress responses by regional nerve block during orthognathic surgery under hypotensive anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of nerve block on stress responses during orthognathic surgery involving general anesthesia with induced hypotension. STUDY DESIGN: Fourteen patients (ASA-1) undergoing Le Fort 1 osteotomy and sagittal splitting mandibular osteotomy were divided into 2 groups: a block group (with maxillary and mandibular nerve blocks; n = 7) and a non-block group (without nerve blocks; n = 7). Anesthesia was maintained with N2O-O2 and isoflurane (block group, 0.8%; non-block group, 1.2%). Adenosine triphosphate was administered for induced hypotension. Observed variables included hemodynamic parameters and fluctuations and adenosine triphosphate dose. Plasma norepinephrine concentrations and blood gases were observed in the block group. RESULTS: More stable hemodynamics, with a lower adenosine triphosphate dose as well as negligible changes in norepinephrine concentrations and blood gases, were obtained in the block group. CONCLUSIONS: The stress responses were inhibited by nerve blocks combined with low-concentration inhalation anesthesia during adenosine triphosphate-induced hypotension. The adenosine triphosphate requirement was reduced under stable hemodynamics achieved with nerve blocks.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed2000

[Splenic natural killer cell activity is suppressed by ligation of unilateral mental nerve in rats].

It has been reported that surgical procedures and postoperative pain suppress immune activities of the patient. But it is not clear if chronic pain in a small area affects immune activities. We prepared rats with chronic neuralgia of the mental branch originating from the mandibular nerve (a division of the trigeminal nerve) and examined the change of splenic NK-cell activity. Surgical procedures to prepare rat models for the study were as follows: one mental nerve was exposed and ligated at the mental foramen in order to create hypersensitivity in the ipsilateral innervated area. Splenic NK-cell activity 3 weeks after the surgery was reduced significantly in the operation group than that of the sham-operation group and the non-operated control group. The result suggests that the immune functions are remarkably affected by chronic pain evoked in a limited area such as the area innervated by the mental nerve.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Trigeminal root recording in normal trigeminal function.

Despite many investigations on the detection of trigeminal evoked potentials (TEP), there is still no consensus on a technique or interpretation of its components. In order to obtain clear TEP waveforms and analyze the origin of early components, we recorded TEP by the conventional far-field technique at the ipsilateral auricula as well as by near-field technique with a bipolar electrode at the trigeminal root just distal to the entry zone of its root. Trigeminal recordings were performed in nine patients with intrameatal vestibular schwannomas and in three with trigeminal neuralgia without trigeminal nerve deficits. In near-field recording at the trigeminal root, a triphasic response was recorded, with the first component occurring at 3.16 ms, 2.98 ms, and 4.16 ms following supraorbital, infraorbital, and mandibular nerve stimulation, respectively. Using conventional farfield TEP, the first component recorded at the trigeminal root occurred later than the first component in all other recordings. This suggests that the N2.0 component of far-field TEP is of extra-axial origin and the N5 component is of brainstem origin. The N13.0 component may be of cortical origin. We conclude that the N5.0 component and N5.0-N13.0 interpeak latency may be used as electrophysiological parameters of brainstem function during posterior fossa surgery.

Electric Stimulation↗
PubMed1998

Generator sites of early scalp potentials evoked from the three trigeminal branches.

OBJECT: The aim of this study was to seek evidence about the generators of the first three components of the scalp's early trigeminal evoked potentials (TEPs) obtained by stimulation of the supraorbital (SW1, SW2, and SW3), infraorbital (W1, W2, and W3) and mental (MW1, MW2, and MW3) nerves. METHODS: Simultaneous scalp and depth recordings were measured during surgical procedures in which thermorhizotomy and microvascular decompression were performed. CONCLUSIONS: Direct evidence was found that the origin of MW1 lies in the mandibular nerve at the foramen ovale, whereas the origin of W1 in the maxillary nerve at the foramen rotundum and the origin of SW1 in the ophthalmic nerve at the superior orbital fissure could only be inferred. The generators of SW2, W2, and MW2 were found to be on the nerve root at a distance of 10 mm from the pons. Calculations based on conduction velocity suggested that the generators of SW3, W3, and MW3 were inside the brainstem, at distances between 16 mm and 20 mm from the root entry zone. Recordings obtained in eight patients with discrete surgical lesions of the trigeminal pathway confirmed the sites of origin of the early components and further proved that only the fastest group of fibers is responsible for scalp responses.

Electric Stimulation↗
PubMed2000

Intraoral removal of the submandibular gland: a new surgical approach.

The transcervical procedure used for treating sialolithiasis in the submandibular gland has been generally accepted by head and neck surgeons. However, several clinical problems after surgery through the transcervical approach have been described. We introduce a new surgical approach for excision of the submandibular gland indicated in the chronically inflamed salivary gland with or without calculus and benign mixed tumor of the submandibular gland. Thirty-one cases of submandibular gland excision through the intraoral approach were reviewed, analyzing surgical technique and morbidity. Early postoperative discomforts developed, such as a temporary lack of function of lingual nerve and a temporary limitation of tongue movement, but recovery was within a short period of time in all patients involved. No symptomatic late complications appeared, such as residual inflammation of Wharton's duct and neurologic sequelae. We suggest that this approach can be extended to the excision of the submandibular gland as an alternative to the transcervical approach. The major advantages of this approach are the avoidance of an external scar and injury to the marginal mandibular nerve or the hypoglossal nerve.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Early scalp responses evoked by stimulation of the mental nerve in humans.

In 20 subjects, we stimulated the mental nerve through needle electrodes inserted into the homonymous foramen; recording electrodes were placed on the scalp and along the jaw. Within the 1st 5 msec after the stimulus we recorded 4 constant waves, thought to reflect the afferent activity from the mandibular nerve up to the trigeminal nuclei. These waves have similar characteristics and the same high degree of reliability as those obtained after stimulation of the infraorbital and supraorbital nerves; therefore, they should be a useful complement for a complete exploration of trigeminal nerve function.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Responses of intradental nerve fibres to stimulation of dentine and pulp.

In the present work responses of intradental nerve fibres to stimuli that induce fluid flow in dentinal tubules as well as to direct mechanical irritation of the exposed pulp were studied on 9 young adult beagle dogs. Under pentobarbitone anesthesia 31 single functional intradental fibre units were dissected from the mandibular nerve. Stimuli were applied to the lower left canine tooth. Exposed dentine surface was irritated by scraping, air blasts and dry absorbent paper and the pulp mechanically with a von Frey hair. Ten fibre units responded to stimulation of dentine. Six of them were also tested with mechanical irritation of the pulp and were all responsive. Fifteen of twenty fibres responded to mechanical stimulation of the pulp. The mechanosensitive nerve fibres were all A-type according to conduction velocities (mean 25.6 +/- 8.1 (SD) m/s). It is concluded that there exist mechanosensitive intradental A-nerve fibres in the dog which are activated by stimuli that induce fluid flow in dentinal tubules. Nerve fibres of this type could be responsible for dentine sensitivity in man. Consequently, the present study gives support to the hydrodynamic hypothesis of dentine sensitivity. Moreover, mechanosensitive nerve fibres could also be responsible for the pain symptoms of pulpal inflammation, because pulpitis may also create suitable circumstances for their activation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Topography of the infratemporal fossa in the newborn infant].

We compared in our investigations the shape and extent of the infratemporal fossa in newborn, children, and adult specimen. By macroscopical preparation we watched the course of the branches of the mandibular nerve and the maxillary artery and their relations to the masticatory muscles. For identifying of arterial and venous blood vessels the external carotid artery was injected with black ink. In the newborn a fibrous membrane was found coating the internal aspect of the mandibular ramus. The membrane is absent in adults.

Blood Vessels↗